2021高考英语四川西昌市一轮训练(7)(答案).docx

2021高考英语四川西昌市一轮训练（7）（答案）

完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。
The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before 1 this question, it will be useful to introduce some 2 concepts. Conflict, 3 as opposition among social units-or individuals-directed against one another, is4 from competition, which 5 opposition among social units 6 seeking to obtain something which is 7 inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, which those who 8 in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both 9 of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social unit function in the disservice of one another, opposition is 10 contrasted to cooperation, a 11 by which social units function in the service of one another. These 12 are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited 13 , but conflict Isn’s. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur and is probably an essential and desirable 14 of human societies.
Many authors have 15 their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea that in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best 16 remain alive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition 17 starve to death or are 18 by other types of animals. This struggle for 19 is not similar to human war, but is like the competition of 20 for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.
( ) 1. A. considering B. solving C. answering D. saying
( ) 2. A. related B. used C. translated D. sacred
( ) 3. A. specified B. remarked C. defined D. claimed
( ) 4. A. variable B. distinguished C. various D. isolated
( ) 5. A. acknowledged B. denies C. assumes D. means
( ) 6. A. critically B. approximately C. independently D. costly
( ) 7. A. on B. for C. with D. in
( ) 8. A. enter B. participate C. fall D. involve
( ) 9. A. formations B. classes C. terms D. reactions
( ) 10. A. nevertheless B. however C. thus D. maybe
( ) 11. A. procession B. standard C. process D. measurement
( ) 12. A. accounts B. definitions C. descriptions D. explanations
( ) 13. A. resources B. origins C. sources D. materials
( ) 14. A. matter B. element C. event D. coincidence
( ) 15. A. concentrated B. fixed C. centered D. based
( ) 16. A. encouraged B. accepted C. adapted D. adopted
( ) 17. A. not only B. either C. neither D. both
( ) 18. A. killed B. raised C. fired D. surrounded
( ) 19. A. resistence B. privilege C. favour D. employment
( ) 20. A. workers B. officials C. individuals D. residents
1.A 考虑这个问题之前，有必要介绍一些与之相关的概念。
2.A “相关的概念”，应用related。
3.C define, “解释”，“下定义”，后面经常接as; specify,“指定”，“指明”。The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination。规章指明考虐时可用字典。remark,“说”。claim,“要求承认某人之身份，全部权”。Does anyone claim this umbrella?有没有人认领这把伞？ 冲突，指的是社会单位，团体或个人之间的对抗。它与“竞争”不同。竞争指的是社会单位间为夺取一种不足够的供应而进行的对抗。
4.B distinguish from区分，不同；variable与vaious(多样的)后面一般不接from; isolated“与……隔离开来”。
5.D 对前面competition的解释，“意味着”。
6.C critically批判地；approximately大致地；independently 独立地；不受把握地；costly形容词，昂贵的。依据文中含义，“竞争对手各自寻求物质，所以才会有冲突”。所以此外选C为宜。
7.D in short(inadequate) supply“缺乏的”为固定搭配，一般不用其它介词。
8.B enter in登记姓名，细节等。例：enter in an item in an accountbook将一笔账记入账本；fall in陷入，例fall in love with sb. involve in“卷入”，一般为卷入某个大事；participate in参与。 竞争者们可能彼此不了解，而冲突者们则生疏对方。
9.B formation,构成;terms,术语;reactions,反映;classes在此处指“种类，类别”。冲突和竞争都属于对抗。
10.C 选这类连接副词时，关键是弄清句与句之间意义关系。上句讲到对抗就是彼此不服务。这句讲到合作就是彼此服务。他们之间连接词自然就是“因此”了，因此他们相反。对抗与合作相反。合作指的是社会单位相互服务。
11.C procession队伍，行列；standard标准；process过程；measurement衡量。上句中谈到对抗是彼此不服务时，用的是“a process by which social...”,此处与上句这部分结构完全相同，就可套用process一词。
12.B accounts叙述；definitions，定义，概念；descriptions,描述；explanations，解释。文章其次句话是第一自然段主题句：介绍几个概念，然后作者分别介绍。本题中用these definitions“这些概念”则与上文浑然一体。对这些定义的理解格外必要，由于有必要强调，个人或团体之间的竞争在这个资源有限的世界是难免的，而冲突则是可免的。
13.A resource资源，指国家、人类或个人所拥有的人力及物力，例：We must exploit the natural resources of our country. 我们必需开发本国的自然 资源。source指河的源头：the source of Nile尼罗河的发源地。source还指出处，来源，例：The news comes from a reliable source.这项消息出自牢靠的来源。origin起源，the origin of a quarrel 争吵的起因。此空前为a world of limited一个有限资源的世界，因此选A。
14.B 冲突很可能发生，它可能是人类社会必不行少、值得得到的要素。
15. D base...on. 把……建立在……上。
16.C 只有那些适应（力气）强的才活下来。
17.B 看到or就会想到either; not only...but also; neither...not...,both...and都是固定搭配。在竞争中失败的动物，要不就是饿死，要不就被别的动物杀死。
18.A 由前句starve to death和or可知，此处应同death意义相近。
19.A 为生存的抗争不同于人类战斗。
20.C 由后面的jobs, markets and materials可知，此处应填“个人”。 workers, officials和residents（居民）都以偏概全。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
When the sun is up in Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands sits quietly on the Amstel River .You can rent a bicycle, visit the Van Gogh or Anne Frank museum, or take a water taxi.
But when the sun goes down, the partying begins. In the big clubs and in coffee shops, tourists gather to hang out, talk politics and smoke.
Several areas of the city clearly show the two worlds that rule Amsterdam. And they are all within a short cab ride of each other.
For example, Dam Square attracts daytime sightseers to its festivals, open markets, concerts and other events. Several beautiful and very popular hotels can be found there. And there is the Royal Palace and the Magna Plaza shopping mall.
But as evening descends on Dam Square so do the party-seeker, hip pop or funk music begins blaring from Club Paradiso and Club Melkweg. These are two of the most popular clubs in Europe. So if you come, be ready to dance. The clubs don’t shut down until 4 am.
And while you are there, check out the various inexpensive ways to tour the city. Don’t worry about getting lost. Although Dutch is the official language, most people in Amsterdam speak English and are happy to help you with directions.
And you will notice that half the people in streets are on bicycles. They rent for US $17 to $20 for a whole day.
Amsterdam also has a good canal system. From anywhere between US $2 and $9.50, you can use the canal bus or a water taxi to cruise the Venice of the North”.
You can take in the picturesque canal house architecture: The rows of neat, narrow sour-story dwellings of brownstone with large windows are well worth seeing. Many of them are several centuries old.
You might also want to jump out of the canal bus at the Museum Quarter and start walking. Masterpieces by Dutch artists such as Rembrandt, Bruegel, Van Gogh and others are on display at the Van Gogh Museum, Rembrandt House and others.
The city has an appreciation of its historic post. One place to visit is the Anne Frank House in Nine Streets. It was there that the young Jewish girl wrote her famous diary during World War II. Visitors can view Anne’s original diary and climb behind the bookcase to the room where she and her family hid from the Nazis for two years.
6. At the beginning of the passage, the author indicates that______.
A. Parties go on all day long in Amsterdam B. Amsterdam attracts many daytime visitors
C. Amsterdam is generally known as a quiet city D. Amsterdam presents two different pictures
7. Which tourist attraction is mentioned in detail in Paragraphs Four and five?
A. Royal palace. B. Dam Square. C. Club Paradiso. D. Magns Plaza.
8. What the author`s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To attract people to visit Amsterdam
B. To share his experiences with readers
C. To list the places of interest in Amsterdam
D. To introduce the residents life in Amsterdam
9. According to the passage, the local people have all the following characteristics EXCEPT_______.
A. they show hospitality B. they can speak English
C. they are party goers D. they are fond of cycling
10. Which of the following words can best describe Amsterdam as a tourist city?
A. Delightful B. Quiet C. Historic D. Modern
【参考答案】6—10、DBACA

阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed，it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depresant (抑制药)，damaging eyesight，judgement and co­ordination (协调)，slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit，driving will be affected.
Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.
The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is：
●50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood；or
●22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml of breath；or
●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of uriue (尿液)．
Drivers who cause traffic accidents，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.
Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving­offence points；or temporarily banned from driving.
The same punishment applies to failing to provide speeimens(样本) for breath，blood or urine tests without good excuse.
Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver，think before you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users，never drive after consuming alcohol.
本文主要叙述酒后驾车的危害，对酒驾的惩处等，呼吁人们为了自身和他人的健康，确定不要酒后驾车。
1．The first paragraph is mainly about______.
A．the introductions of driving skills B．the damage of drinking to your body
C．the effect of drinking on driving D．the process of alcohol being absorbed
答案：C。主旨大意题。由第一段的“it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant，damaging eyesight，judgement and co­ordination，slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.”可知，本段主要叙述酒后驾车的影响，故C项正确。
2．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______”．
A．alcohol B．absorption
C．blood D．process
答案：D。词义猜想题。由前半句“To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process”，可知，后半句表示“实行像淋浴或者是喝杯茶，咖啡等的措施来加速这个过程是不行能的”故it指代process，D项正确。
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.
B．Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.
C．Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.
D．50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit.
答案：B。细节理解题。由其次段中“Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice”可知B项正确。
4．A driver suspected of drink driving______.
A．should provide specimens for testing
B．will be forbidden to drive for 3 years
C．will be punished for 10 driving­offence points
D．should pay a maximum fine of HK$25,000
答案：A。细节理解题。由文章信息“Drivers who cause traffic accidents ，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested”可知A项正确。