2021年高考英语考点总动员系列-专题01-冠词和名词(原卷版).docx

【母题再现】
题型介绍：
冠词的用法和名词词义辨析考点，是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：定冠词的用法、不定冠词的用法、定冠词和不定冠词混合命题、名词词义辨析、名词的单复数、名词作定语、名词的全部格等。
命题形式：
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.单选填空（毁灭在自主命题区）；2.语法填空（短文填空）（毁灭在全国卷中）3.短文改错。
高考选题：
题型1：
【2022·天津卷】8. Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a
题型2：
【2022·新课标全国卷Ⅰ】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It __61__(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it __62__(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of __63__ most outstanding examples of environmental clean­up.
But the river wasn't changed in a few days __64__ even a few months. It took years of work __65__(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __66__(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are __68__(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be __70__(patience).
题型3：
【2022·全国新课标I】短文改错（10分）
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted
Some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then for all these year we
had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are
growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste. There are so much
that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow
in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack
problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
解题技巧：
冠词学问是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的难点。由于英汉的差异，汉语中没有冠词的概念，导致同学把握起来较难。把握冠词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.理解特指和泛指；2.理解具体和抽象。名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对应同义词辨析，我们确定要平常留意积累。关键做题阅历可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，关键固定短语来推断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。其次，名词的单复数的考查也是高频考点。
解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
名词类试题应留意：
1、名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外,高考还考查简洁混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词惯用法等。
2、名词的数（可数与不行数、单数与复数）、名词的全部格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓全都等。
3、名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。如：shelter n庇护，避难所→vt疼惜，躲避，避难；storm n. 暴风雨；大动荡→vi&vt横冲直撞， 猛攻；shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部→vt肩负，担当；trail n. 小径，痕迹→vt追踪。
冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般状况下，试题的情景较为曲折,句式以复合句为主。另外,在短文改错和语法填空中也经常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括：
1、定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。
2、定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用状况、比较级前冠词使用的几种状况。
3、冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。
4、零冠词的运用。另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
把握冠词须把握好以下三个原则：
（1）单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
（2）复数可数名词及不行数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
（3）无论可数名词还是不行数名词，表示特指其前都要加定冠词the。
【考点揭秘】
高频考点一：考查短语中的冠词
【2022届广西桂林十八中第六次月考】A new manager will come to take _____charge of this company, which was in _____charge of Mr. Wang.
A．the; the B．/; / C．the; / D．/; the
高频考点二：抽象名词具体化的冠词
【2022届山东省烟台市3月模拟】5．—Have you got news that a terrorist incident occurred in Kunming the other day?
—Yes，it’s shock to all of us．
A．the；the B．a；不填 C．the；a D．不填；a
高频考点三：理解定冠词的特指功能
【2022届陕西省西工大附中上学期第三适应性训练】14. –Which is _______more developed country, the United States or Canada?
–The former in_______ way.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the
高频考点四：深刻理解不定冠词表泛指
An accident happened at ________ supermarket a few meters away from ________ park.
A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; /
高频考点五：利用固定短语找到正确答案
【2022届广西桂林十八中第三次月考】 —The school is well equipped.
—Yes, and every student has free ________to the library.
A. chance B. right C. use D. access
高频考点六：留意考查句子的语境理念，四个选项不是同义词或近义词
【2022届浙江省台州市一模】4. After a long day of hard work, my only is to get back home and have a good sleep.
A. concern B. ambition C. reward D. burden
【直击高考】
冠词
1.【2022·重庆卷】6. I can’t tell you _______ way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have _______ Wilson here in the village.
A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /
2.【2022·浙江卷】2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night.
   A. a; the                B. the; 不填          C. a; a                 D. 不填；the
32022·江西卷】22. They chose Tom to be ___captain of the team because they knew he was __smart leader.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
4.【2022·陕西卷】19. ________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a
名词
1.【2022·天津卷】3. Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root
2.【2022·福建卷】26. —Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?
— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.
A. feature B plan C. cost D. trick
3.【2022·湖北卷】Her_____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
5.【2022·江苏卷】27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year’s election.

A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue
6.【2022·安徽卷】29．— Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
— That's a good .
A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account
7.【2022·浙江卷】6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.
   A. attempts              B. requests            C. doubts               D. promises
【课后反馈】
夯实基础：
1．【山东省郯城一中2022届高三12月月考】With the successful launch of Tiangong-l, which was _____ breakthrough in space field, China's space dream took a step closer to _____ reality.
A a;/ B. the a C. a; the D the;/
2．【山东省试验中学2022届高三上学期其次次模拟考试】On your way home, you’d better get the medicine
at chemist’s; take the pill three times a day after meals.
A、the;the B、the,/ C、/,/ D、/,the
3．【山东省试验中学2022届高三第一次模拟考试】—What about __________ lecture yesterday?
—Well，__________ most boring one indeed.
A.／；the B. the；a C. the; the D.／；a
4．【浙江省瑞安中学2022届高三上学期期中考试】From the top of the hill, we got a spectacular ____________ of San Francisco Bay and the city.
A. view B. scene C. scenery D. sign
5．【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2022届高三上学期回头考】 “I don’t think it’s my _______ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on. That’s all.” said the boy.
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty
力气拓展：
6．【浙江省温州市十校联合体2022届高三上学期期中联考】 Tropical Storm Fitow on July 7, 2021 has caused serious _______ to Wenzhou’s economy.
A. damage B. injury C. wound D. ruin
7．【浙江省台州市2022届高三下学期三月第一次模拟】 After a long day of hard work, my only is to get back home and have a good sleep.
A. concern B. ambition C. reward D. burden
8．【2022届四川省成都市树德中学高三3月阶段性考试试题】Nowadays, _____ growing number of Chinese students are going abroad to seek______ better future.
A. The, a B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the
9．【2022届四川省成都外国语学校高三10月月考试题】Going on a trip into ______ space must be quite ______ exciting experience.
A. / ; the B. / ; an C. the; an D. the; a
10．【2022届甘肃天水一中一诊】阅读下面短文,依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置
With the 1____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2___________ air pollution.
Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4__________(poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5__________ to others. 6_________ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons.
We should take some measures to fight 7____________ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8___________ place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10____________ (solve).
自我提升：
11．【2022届四川省成都外国语学校高三2月月考试题】 People develop ______ preference for a particular style of learning at ______ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. the; an
12．【2022届四川省宜宾市高中一诊英语试题】 China’s one-child family policy which has had great effect on the lives of a quarter of the world’s population will come to end.
A. a; an B. 不填；an C. a; the D. a; 不填
14．【2022届贵州省六校联盟二联考】阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置上。
Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had 1 interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic(算术). His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents 2 she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “ Isn’t 3 too bad that Alfred can’t do arithmetic?” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, 4 (feel) that it was useless to try, and that he was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected.
One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.
Adler succeeded 5 solving the problem. This gave him 6 (confident). He rejected the idea that he could not do arithmetic and was 7 (determine) to show them that he could. His anger and his new found faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became 8 (extraordinary) good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he can do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience , 9 a person goes at a job 10 determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability.
15．【2022届甘肃兰州一中高考冲刺卷二】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
留意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
My husband 96-year-old grandmother came to live with us for many years of independence. We did all the thing we could to make her feel comfortably in our home, including giving her the private line for her bedroom. One evening we are having a party while the phone rang. It was the telephone operator, that asked, “Do you have a grandmother upstairs?” “Yes,” my husband replied. “Well,” the operator again continued, “She can't remember your phone number, and she like a cup of tea.
【名师小结】
在解答有关冠词的试题时，一是需要深刻理解具体和抽象的概念；二是需要弄清楚特指和泛指。名词的考查方向主要是：一、名词词义辨析；二、名词的单复数的用法；三、抽象名词具体化用法。