2022高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习及答案06.docx

完形填空
　　ChiChi, the Chihuahua is the Hero Pet of the Year. At 13 pounds, ChiChi might be most at home in a handbag. “He’s so　1　that I can take him up with one hand, ”says Mary Lane of her energetic pet. “Most people see him and think he’s　2　. ”But last October, the Chihuahua　3　to be more than just a pretty face.
Mary and her husband, Rick, were　4　on the beach one afternoon while on vacation in North Carolina. As usual, ChiChi was　5　on his blanket in his own little beach chair. “We had our　6　buried in books, ”recalls Rick, “when suddenly the　7　became extremely disturbed. His　8　was different from anything we had heard before. And he would not let us　9　him. ”ChiChi ran back and forth in front of his　10　, pulling at his leash as if to run down the beach. The Lanes sat up to see two elderly　11　in the ocean, about 10 feet off shore. One was on her back, her　12　tipping under the waves. The other was　13　trying to keep her friend’s head above the surface. The Lanes　14　across the sand and into the surf. Rick swam to the woman in danger of drowning, while Mary held fast to the other one and　15　her up on the beach. “Then I went back to help Rick, ”Mary recalls. “The sand dropped off steeply, and a riptide(激流)was　16　the woman under. She was completely disoriented(不知所措的). ”Still recovering from recent knee surgery, the woman had been unable to　17　or push herself up.
“Her friend had been in danger too, ”Mary says. “The waves were pushing her around. There’s no way she could have　18　much longer. ”The women hadn’t called out for help. “They were　19　so hard, and there was no time for screaming, ”Mary recalls. But ChiChi had sensed danger nonetheless. “The dog knew. I’ve　20　over how. ”
Duty done, ChiChi was back in his chair, asleep.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 介绍了一条小狗跟随仆人在海边休闲时, 敏锐地察觉到海中有人遇险, 便做出一反常态的反应提示仆人, 在仆人的努力下最终使两位遇险的游客获救, 这使它成为年度英雄宠物。
1. A. smart　　 B. tiny　　　 C. weak　　　 D. lovely
【解析】选B。规律推理题。依据上文“只有13磅, 吉吉或许可以放在一个手提包中”和下文“我用一只手就可以把它拎起来”可以断定这条狗很小, 故最佳答案为B项。smart“聪慧的”; weak“虚弱的”; lovely“可爱的”, 与后文的I can take him up with one hand在信息的表达上都不搭配。
2. A. useless B. careless C. kind D. crazy
【解析】选A。规律推理题。前文谈到这条狗很小, 故可以推断: 绝大多数人在看到它时都会认为它没有什么用处。故答案为A。
3. A. wanted B. decided C. proved D. agreed
【解析】选C。规律推理题。依据后文这条狗的表现可以断定该句意思是: 这条吉娃娃狗“证明”了自己不仅仅长着一个秀丽的脸蛋, 答案为C项。
4. A. working B. swimming C. quarreling D. relaxing
【解析】选D。规律推理题。依据下文“在北卡罗来纳州的海滩上闲适度假”可以断定玛丽和丈夫正在沙滩休闲”, 故答案为D项。
5. A. practicing B. lying C. barking D. eating
【解析】选B。规律推理题。该句意思是: 像平常一样, 吉吉正躺在自己那个沙滩椅中的毯子上。从最终一段的那句话“它回到椅子上睡觉”也可以看出这里是“躺”着, 故答案为B项。
6. A. hands B. mouths C. ears D. noses
【解析】选D。固定搭配题。bury one’s nose in books指“埋头读书”, 是固定搭配, 与度假休闲的语境相符。
7. A. owner B. dog C. fish D. crowd
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。依据下文可知: 这条狗突然变得格外担忧。
8. A. bark B. bite C. yell D. roar
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。该句意思是“它的吠叫一点也不像我们以前听到的那样”。bark用来指狗的吠叫, 故答案为A。bite意思是“咬”; yell和roar都指“大声喊叫”。
9. A. feed B. notice C. watch D. ignore
【解析】选D。规律推理题。依据下文可知这条狗竭力想引起我们的留意, 不让我们“无视”它的反应, 故答案为D项。
10. A. desk B. board C. chair D. shelf
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。依据上文谈到的“. . . in his own little beach chair”可知这里是指“吉吉在椅子前面担忧地来回走动”。故答案为C项。
11. A. men B. fishermen C. women D. students
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。依据下文可知林恩夫妇和这条狗营救了两位妇女, 故答案为C项。
12. A. legs B. head C. arms D. feet
【解析】选B。规律推理题。依据后文谈到的“. . . friend’s head above the surface”可知正确答案为B项。
13. A. madly B. calmly
C. unexpectedly D. excitedly
【解析】选A。规律推理题。在此格外危急的状况下, madly一词能精确     表达人物的行为状态, 故正确答案为A项。
14. A. walked B. wandered
C. rushed D. raced
【解析】选C。规律推理题。依据下文可断定林恩夫妇马上穿越沙滩跳进波浪中。A项、B项都表示“闲逛     、闲逛”; D项表示“赛跑”。故答案为C项。
15. A. pulled B. directed
C. led D. persuaded
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。依据当时的状况, 玛丽是要把那位妇女弄到岸上, 而directed, led, persuaded都不符合当时的状况, 该句表示“瑞克游到那位溺水妇女的身旁, 玛丽则快速抓住另一位妇女并把她拉上海滩。”故正确答案为A项。
16. A. attracting B. hurting
C. comforting D. sucking
【解析】选D。词义辨析题。本句意为“沙床边缘格外陡峭, 而下方的激流正往下拖曳着这位妇女。”suck意为“吸、吮”, 此处理解为海水在往下冲刷这位妇女, 故正确答案为D项。
17. A. look up B. turn over
C. give in D. calm down
【解析】选B。规律推理题。依据上文“由于刚刚做完膝盖外科手术”可知这位妇女由于限于身体条件而无法做出幅度较大的动作, 选项中只有turn over是幅度较大的动作; look up有“查阅、向上看”之意, 与文意不符; give in和calm down都是心理活动而不是动作。故正确答案为B。
18. A. taken on B. carried on
C. brought on D. held on
【解析】选D。词义辨析题。依据上文谈到的: 两个妇女中的一个已经支撑不住了, 她的伴侣也处在危急之中, 海浪正吞噬着她, 所以这一句话的意思应当是: 她根本无法“坚持”下去了。故正确答案为D项。
19. A. fighting B. struggling
C. battling D. competing
【解析】选B。规律推理题。该句意思是: 她们在舍命挣扎, 没有时间呼喊救命, 故正确答案为B项。
20. A. puzzled B. gone C. looked D. thought
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。依据上文这条狗感到了她们处于危急之中, 可推断下文意思: 这条狗竟然感觉到有人遇险, 而玛丽到现在还在“纳闷”这条狗是如何知道的。puzzle over“对……迷惑不解”; go over“复习”; look over“查看”; think over“认真考虑”。

【科普学问型---阅读理解】
The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquakeprone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.
Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
1．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．The world's largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
2．What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%. B．Below 1%. C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.
3．According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________．

A．a change of rules B．financial support
C．local people's help D．high technology
4．Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by ________．
A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono
5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ______．
A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan
【要点综述】文章主要叙述了日本正在考虑开发地热能。由于日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能格外丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。
1．D　主旨大意题。文章主要叙述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，围绕地热能的话题开放。故选D项。
2．B　细节理解题。从第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地热能不到1%，主要依靠于化石燃料和原子能。故选B项。
3．A　细节理解题。从倒数第四段“…adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能需要将现行的规章制度进行转变，故选A项。
4．B　细节理解题。从“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，‘Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project…”可知，Hideaki Matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选B项。
5．C　推理推断题。从最终两段可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选C项。

阅读理解。
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽视) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
( ) 1. The discovery shows that Westerners .
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
( ) 2. What were the people asked to do in the study?
A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers' faces.
( ) 3. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The participants in the study B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. ( ) 4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .
A. do translation more successfully
B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively
D. read facial expressions more correctly
( ) 5. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding
【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学争辩发觉：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。
1. 答案：A
考点：细节理解题
解析：依据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽视) the mouth.” 可以得出答案
2. 答案：C
考点：细节理解题
解析：依据第五段 “…by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以推断选C
3. 答案：A
考点：词义猜想
解析：依据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在争辩中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可推断选A
4. 答案：C
考点：细节理解题
解析：依据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可推断选C
5. 答案：B
考点：主旨大意题
解析：文章首先指出科学争辩的最新发觉：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍争辩的结构及其争辩过程，最终得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此推断最佳标题应为B。

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.
His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”
This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.
However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism. K^S*5U.C

( ) 1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
( ) 2. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage?
a. He became addicted to drinking.
b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.
e. He failed to reorder his life.
f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
A. f-c-e-a-b-d B. b-e-a-f-c-d C. f-d-e-c-b-a D. b-f-c-d-e-a
( ) 3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald .
A. had made some money when