2021高考人教版英语一轮课堂演练：必修5-Unit-5-First-aid.docx

[课堂演练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
依据汉语注释及首字母提示写出下列单词的正确形式。
1. He lay on the floor，________(流血) in a large amount.
2. Are our children being________(中毒) by leading in the atmosphere?
3. The driver of the car received serious________(受伤) to the legs and arms.
4. She ________(挤出) the water out of the sponge.
5. The doctor is checking the patient's blood________(血压)．
答案：1. bleeding　2. poisoned　3. injuries　4. squeezed
5. pressure
Ⅱ. 选词填空
fall ill; apply...to; prevent...from; stick to; make no difference
1. It________ whether I give my suggestions or not, because he won't listen to me.
2. His back injury may________him ________playing in tomorrow's game.
3. ________ the task until it is finished.
4. Though his method of teaching is good, I can't________it________ my teaching.
5. He didn't come to school, because he________.
答案：1. makes no difference　2. prevent; from　3. Stick to　4. apply; to　5 fell ill
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The kids often wear scary clothes to knock on their neighbors' doors and shout，“trick or________(请客)？”
答案：treat
解析：句意：孩子们经常穿恐怖的衣服去敲邻居家的门，并叫道，“是请客还是要我们捣乱？”treat“请客，乐事”。
2．With everything needed______ ______(place), she declared that the party began.
答案：in place
解析：in place“在正确的位置，现成的”。句意：随着一切需要的都就位了，她宣布聚会开头。
3．I have a Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English，which is an important ______ ______(aid) learning English.
答案：aid in
解析：aid常与in连用，而help常与with搭配。句意：我有一本《朗文当代英语词典》，它是我学习英语的重要助手。
4．She thought it was worthwhile for her to teach in the small village to ___ ______ ________(产生影响) to the life of the children there.
答案：make a difference
解析：句意：她认为对她来说到小乡村教学给那里的孩子的生活产生些影响是值得的。make a difference“有影响；起作用”，符合句意。
5．Now a lot of new technology ______ ______ ______ ______(能被应用到) solving problems in industry.
答案：can be applied to
解析：句意：现在有很多新技术可以被应用到解决工业问题上。
6. On landing from the sea yesterday, he______ ______(ill), so he may be absent from the meeting.
答案：fell ill
解析：句意：昨天刚从海上回到陆地，他就病了，因此他有可能缺席今日的会议。fall ill意为“生病”；此处应用过去式，且应为瞬间动作；故用fell ill。
7．Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity，which ______ ______ ______(vital) an artist
答案：is vital to
解析：考查形容词vital用法。句意：用静止的形象作画会导致感觉的丢失，而感觉对一个艺术家来说至关重要。be vital to“对……极其重要”，此处which代指前一句话，故be动词应用单数，又由leads可知时态故用is。
8．The boy made the same mistakes______ ______ ______ ______(反复), which, of course，made his parents very angry.
答案：over and over again
解析：over and over again意为“反复，多次句意：那个男孩一次次犯同样的错误，这当然令他的父母很生气。
9．She says that she'll have to close the shop________business improves.
答案：unless
解析：句意：“她说假如生意不见好转，她就不得不关闭这家商店。”unless意为“除非；假如……不……”，符合语境。
10．I was wondering what to do with my car which wouldn't start________a kind man offered to help.
答案：when
解析：考查并列连词。句意：汽车启动不了，我正在想该怎么办，这时一个好心人主动供应挂念。这是个固定句型be doing sth.when“正在做某事，这时……”。
[实战力量·提升]
Ⅳ.完形填空
[2022·石家庄市高中毕业班复习教学质量检测]
My husband has always had great love for older people and has helped out several elderly friends in the past，but this story is different!
Mr. Daves __1__ in the same lake as my husband John for over 15 years. A __2__ developed but when Mrs. Daves died five years ago，it left Mr. Daves alone.They had no children and after sixty years of __3__ he was lost.So John took Mr. Daves fishing with him every time he went. Mr. Daves was energetic and never __4__ being with John.
A few years later Mr. Daves had a stroke that paralyzed(使瘫痪) his right side. He lost his __5__ and was put into a nursing home. Confined(限制) to his __6__ and unable to communicate, Mr. Daves began to __7__from depression. This almost __8__ John's heart.
He finally got __9_ from the nursing home to take Mr. Daves out for a ride. They were both __10__ to be together again but it was very __11__ for Mr. Daves to be lifted into John's truck. The __12__ of his paralyzed side pulled heavily on his good side. John worried about this __13__ still took him out about every ten days.
One day he announced he was selling his __14__ truck to buy a van that was equipped for a __15__. We researched these vehicles, sold the truck and got a van. It isn't sporty or fast but it sure __16__ Mr. Dave's pain on their outings and they both enjoy them more. Now they can go fishing together more __17__.
Mr. Daves is now 86 but is still __18__ life. I don't know anyone who would __19__ their prized possession to help a friend. I hope he can be a(n) __20__ for others to take similar steps to help those who are in need.
1. A. drove　　　　　　 B. fished
C. played D. swam
2. A. friendship B. habit
C. problem D. story
3. A. fishing B. living
C. marriage D. work
4. A. afraid of B. aware of
C. fond of D. tired of
5. A. sight B. smell
C. speech D. touch
6. A. bed B. house
C. office D. truck
7. A. escape B. hear
C. learn D. suffer
8. A. broke B. moved
C. stole D. ruined
9. A. benefit B. information
C. permission D. promise
10. A. excited B. frightened
C. surprised D．worried
11. A. easy B. happy
C. long D. painful
12. A. height B. slimness
C. weight D. wound
13. A. and B. but
C. so D. thus
14. A. broken B. favourite
C. new D. old
15. A. bedroom B. kitchen
C. toilet D. wheelchair
16. A. cures B. eases
C. promotes D. worsens
17. A. cheaply B. fortunately
C. frequently D. greedily
18. A. enjoying B. improving
C. living D. planting
19. A. put away B. pick up
C. hand in D. give up
20. A. example B. guide
C. hero D. superman
[文章大意]　本文为记叙文。文章作者叙述了其丈夫热心挂念一个无子女的孤寡老人的故事，激励人们关爱老人。
1．B。依据下文中“So John took Mr.Daves fishing with him every time he went.”可知，他们是坚持到同一个湖去钓鱼。故选B项。
2．A。依据文章第一段“...has helped out several elderly friends in the past...”中的friends可知。故选A项。
3．C。依据上句“...Mrs.Daves died”以及最终一段首句“Mr. Daves is now 86...”可知，其夫人的去世，结束了他们60年的婚姻。 故选C项。
4．D。依据本段首句可知，他们在一起钓鱼长达15年之久。依据下文可知，戴夫斯先生在得了偏瘫之后，还乐于与约翰外出钓鱼。明显他对与约翰待在一起“从不厌烦”。故选D项。
5．C。依据下一句中的“unable to communicate”可知，戴夫斯先生偏瘫后，丢失了说话的力量。故选C项。
6．A。戴夫斯先生偏瘫后，住进了疗养院，只能待在床上，明显B、C、D三项不合适。故选A项。
7．D。戴夫斯先生住进疗养院后，由于偏瘫成天待在床上，而且丢失了语言力量，不能与人沟通，这样自然“患上”了抑郁症。故选D项。
8．A。戴夫斯先生的不幸和苦痛让约翰心碎。break one's heart令人心碎。故选A项。
9．C。戴夫斯先生住进养老院之后，约翰要带其外出，明显需要经过疗养院的“同意、许可”。故选C项。
10．A。戴夫斯先生和约翰是长达15年的钓友，很长时间没有一起外出钓鱼，再次一起外出钓鱼，两人都很“兴奋”。故选A项。
11．D。由于戴夫斯先生身患偏瘫，上车的时候确定不舒适，很“苦痛”。故选D项。
12．C。依据本句中的heavily可知，说的是瘫痪的那一侧身体的“重量”重重地拖累着另一侧。故选C项。
13．B。前后为转折关系。虽然约翰担忧这点，但还是大约每隔10天带老人出去一次。故选B项。
14．B。依据下文中“their prized possession”可知，卖掉的卡车是约翰“心爱的”车。故选B项。
15．D。戴夫斯先生身体偏瘫，坐在卡车上不舒适，约翰卖掉卡车，买了一辆大篷车，自然是在车上装配了“轮椅”，以便利带戴夫斯先生外出钓鱼。故选D项。
16．B。大篷车上装配了轮椅，这样，就可以“减轻”戴夫斯先生的苦痛了。故选B项。
17．C。大篷车上的轮椅可以减轻戴夫斯先生外出钓鱼时的苦痛，这样外出钓鱼就更“频繁”了。故选C项。
18．A。在约翰的热心关爱下，戴夫斯先生——一个孤寡老人感受到了关爱，现在86岁了，但照旧“享受”着生活的乐趣。故选A项。
19．D。依据上文，约翰为了减轻戴夫斯先生外出钓鱼时的苦痛，将自己心爱的卡车卖掉，买了一辆大篷车。其卖掉心爱的卡车，属于“放弃”。故选D项。
20．A。约翰的行为，为人们挂念那些需要挂念的人树立了“榜样”。故选A项。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
[2022·山西省太原市部分中学高三统一检测]
Generally, the theory of the “wisdom of the crowd” has been true：Choices made by many are usually better than those made by a few or one. But new research from Arizona State University and Uppsala University in Sweden adds a warning to that notion, showing that crowds might be wise when it comes to making tough choices. But when the alternative is easy, the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.
For this study, the researchers divided ants into different groups. They were tasked with something humans might relate well to: apartment hunting. Specifically, they were supposed to move from their existing dwelling to a new “house”—one of two pieces of hollowed­out wood one of which was darker than the other. And if you're an ant, darker is better.
When they were hunting as a group, the ants made their choice by checking out the two houses. When the difference between the two houses was significant, the group of ants tended to make the wrong decision more often than an individual ant house­hunting by himself.
“Out of 100 ants evaluating a poor nest,10 of them start bringing nestmates to the poor nest without visiting the other nests. The ants who rejected it eventually find the other nest and compare, but by that time, the ‘rash decision­making’ ants have already recruited many nestmates from the home to the poor nest, so the ‘careful decision­making’ ants may not contribute much to the colony's decision.”
Personally, these ants reminded me of soccer riots(骚乱), mass attacks, or even the decision to join terror groups. We can sometimes be fooled into making an extremely poor choice － even when a much better alternative is clearly available—simply because those around us have made rash decisions and we're following their lead.
1．We know from the passage that ________.
A. the tougher the task is, the more often the crowd have no way out
B. it's possible for the crowd to act foolishly when facing an easy choice
C. most of the ants regarded the poor nest as a comfortable place
D. the research was carried out in a new house
2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. In this research, different groups of ants were faced with two choices.
B. Human beings are also likely to be fooled into acting foolishly.
C．A single ant is more likely to be correct because he is independent.
D. Ants are extremely fond of making their nests in a bright place.
3．What is probably the best title for the article?
A. There's Strength in Numbers
B. The Majority Have the Truth on Their Sides
C. The Stupidity of the Crowd
D. The Minority Should Submit to the Majority
[文章大意]　 都说“星多天空亮，人多才智广”。人越多，才智真的越广吗？科学家争辩发觉，并非总是这样。
1．B。考查细节理解。依据文章第一段的最终一句“But when the alternative is easy，the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.”可知，B是答案；A项的意思正好与B项相反，细读第一段可以排解；依据倒数其次段的第一句，我们可以排解C项，由于文章说只有10%的蚂蚁可能会对住宅误判；依据其次段的倒数其次句我们可以排解D项，文章说争辩是在两根木头中进行的。
2．D。考查细节理解。文章的其次段和第三段都提到这点，它们要在dark house和not dark house之间做出选择，故A项正确；由最终一段可知B项正确；第三段讲到了“一群蚂蚁更易作出错误的打算”，故C项与作者观点全都。依据笫二段的最终一句“假如你是蚂蚁，越暗越好”可知，D项与之相悖，故选D项。
3．C。考查标题推断。依据文章叙述的争辩内容和争辩结论，我们不难看出作者的意图并不在于颂扬“人多力气大”“真理总是把握在多数人手里”“少数听从多数”，而在于指明“众人的愚蠢”。
Ⅵ.书面表达
近来，光明中学开展了一项以“节省能源资源”为主题的活动。假如你是李华，请依据下图写一篇英语短文。

要求：
1．阐述图片的主旨要义；
2．依据生活阅历，提出节省能源资源的有效措施；
3．结合自身提出两条合理化的建议。
留意：1.词数100左右；
2．文中不能消灭真实姓名和学校名称。
One possible version：
Recently an activity was organized to save energy resources in Guangming Middle School. The reason is that our earth is suffering so much that it can't support it.As we know, the natural energy is running out because the population is growing faster than before. Besides，they also need more farmlands to build houses, factories and something else, thus reducing the farmland, on which more cities and towns are built. Meanwhile, we have caused much environmental pollution, such as air pollution and greenhouse effect. What's worse, the supply of fresh water has gradually diminished.
Therefore, we should do what we can to save energy. For instance, we can reduce, reuse, recycle and recover, like reusing paper and bottles, turning off the light timely.