不定代词知识点总结讲课稿.docx

不定代词知识点总结

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不定代词的用法
一、 复合不定代词由some. any. no .every. 和body. thing. one构成的合成词
1. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式
Everybody in our class interested in English.
2. 修饰复合不定代词的词必须放在其后
I have to tell you.(一些重要的事情)
We need one more helper.Can you find anyone else?
3. none在句中不能单独作主语，但可和of 短语一起作主语，但其它复合不定代词可单独 作主语，但不能同of连用
4. anyone/any one；no one/none的用法
1) anyone 和 any one anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
2) no one 和none
a) none不能单独做主语， 后跟of短语一起做主语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。 None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗? ---- No one. --没有。
(注意：Everyone等同于 everybody ，只能指人。every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以与 of 短语连用。I would like everyone to be happy. Everyone\every one likes Mary. I have kept every one of her letters.)
二、普通不定代词all. both .each. either. none. neither. every, more,(a) little, (a) few, much, many, another, other, some, any 等不定代词的用法
一）两者：Both都，either任何一个，neither都不
三者：all都，any任何一个，none都不
1.all和both的用法。
1）all和both都表示整体，但all 都，指三者以上。both 都，指两者。在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。
All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）
= We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语)
All the water has been used up. (作主语)
That's all for today. (作表语)
Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)
All the leaders are here./All knowledge comes from practice. (作定语)
2）both 和 all 加否定词是部分否定。如果表示全部否定，要分别用neither和none。
Both of us are not good at singing.
Neither of us is good at singing.
All of the teachers are not foreigners.
None of the teachers are foreigners. .
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。 All of the students are there. All (of) the milk is there.
2. neither 与 nor的用法
1) 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
If you don't do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。
2) 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
3.neither和either的用法
1）neither 表示“两者都不”，neither„nor„ 意为“既不„又不„”。 either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，either„or„ 意为“或是„„，或是„„”
Neither of the answer is right.
I have neither time nor money to take a trip.
Either sentence is right.
You can either go or stay.
二）、 Some , any 的用法
1)都可用作主语，宾语，any但常用于否定句或疑问句中，some 常用于肯定句中
---Have you any French books? --- Yes, I have some.
Does any of you know Mr. Liu? I don’t like any of these pictures
. 2) some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接
① 可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
3) ）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接 ①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
Have you got any tea? If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
注意；当问句表示邀请或者请求，或期待得到肯定回答时要用 some。
Shall I get some for you? Would you like some coffee?
any用于肯定句，表示 “ 任何”
You may come to ask questions at any time, I’ll be at school the whole afternoon.
三）代词it 的用法
1）指代前面提到过的事物 This is not my book. It is Jim’s.
2) 指代指示代词 this \that What’s this? It is a book.
3）指婴儿或不明身份的人 Who is the baby in the picture? It’s my brother.
4）指时间或季节 What is your favourite seasom? It’s autumn.
5）表距离 How far is it from here to your school?
6）表天气What’s the weather like in Beijing in winter? It’ cold.
7） 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中 （1）.It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. （2） It’s time to do \for\that… （3）It seems that… （4）It’s one’s turn to do sth. (5)It is +adj. + that ..
8）用作形式宾语 Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line.
9）引导强调句型 It is\ was +被强调部分+ that\ who +其它成分 )It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. 注意：一)It one (ones) ,that, (those) 作替代词时的区别
1) it 特制上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物 The book is mine, It’s very interesting.
2) 泛指上下文提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物—Who has a pen?--- I have one.
3) That 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词（可数名词单数和不可数名词），those常 用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词复数，以避免重复。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.
四） few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1) (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
2) a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点
3) few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4) 固定搭配: only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many) Many books were sold. Many a book was sold.
5）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night

五） 1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别 的”。 Where are his other books? I haven't any other books except this one.
2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other 句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt.
Would you please show her another one?
6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.

巩固练习： Ⅰ. Choose the best answer
( ) 1. This is a very old song, so __ young people know it.
A: few B: little c: a few D: a little ( )
. The two fishermen saw ______ in the sky while they were fishing by a river. A: something strange B: anything strange C: strange something D: strange anything
( ) 3. There aren’t many oranges here, but you can take ______ if you want to. A: few B: a few C: a little D: little
( ) 4. There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and ______ are men teachers.
A: the other B: the others C: others D: other
( ) 5. My sports shoes are too small. I want to buy ______ pair.
A: the others B: the other C: other D: another
( ) 6. I didn’t like the cross talk. ______ of the actors was funny.
A: Both B: All C: Neither D: Either
) 7. ______ of us has read the story. A: Some B: Both C: All D: None
( ) 8. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming, ______ like ball games.
A: the others B: others C: the other D: other
( ) 9. There are many high-rises on ______ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view! A: either B neither C: both D: all
( ) 10. Shanghai Waihuan tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us ______ time to go to Pudong International Airport.
A: a few B: fewer C: a little D: less
( ) 11. Not long ago, our country set up a rocket with two small satellites into space. One weighed 204 kilos and ______ 25 kilos.
A: another B: other C: others D: the other\
( ) 12. In order to keep healthy, you should eat ______ fast food, ______ fresh vegetables and take enough exercise.
A: fewer; fewer B: less; more C: fewer; more D: less; less
( ) 13. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ______ of them have set a good example to us.
A: All B: Neither C: Both D: None
( ) 14. Mr. Smith is quite busy today. He has ______ meetings to attend.
A: little B: a little C: few D: a few
( ). 15. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself. ______ is more important than life. A: Nothing B: Something C: Everything D: Anything ( ) 16. Can we do our work better with ______ money and ______ people?
A: less, few B: less, fewer C: little;, less D: few, less
( ) 17. He has two flats in London. However, ______ is new.
A: both B: neither C: all D: none
( ) 18. There is ______ with your watch. It gets slower every day.
A: nothing wrong B: something wrong C: wrong something D: wrong nothing ( ) 19. It seems that he has got ______ to show us. Let’s go and enjoy it.
A: something interesting B: interesting something C: nothing something D: interesting nothing
( ) 20. ______ of your answer is right. Please try a third time.
A: Neither B: None C: Either D: Both
( ) 21. ______ Kathy ______ Alice ______ at home last Sunday.
A: Neither, nor, were B: Both, and, was C: Either, or, was D: Not only, but also, were
( ) 22. ______ of the winners has been awarded a prize.
A: Every B: everyone C: Each D: Both
( ) 23. There is ______ ink in my pen. Would you give me ______?
A: little, a little B: a little, little C: few, a few C: a few, few
( ) 24. The days in winter are shorter than ______ in summer.
A: those B: that C: these D: them
( ) 25. They don’t go to Europe for holiday, _______.
A: neither will we B: neither do we C: so will we D: so we will
( ) 26. It must be your first time to meet each other. Let me do the introduction. ______ is Mr. Smith. A: He B: There C: This D: That
( ) 27. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat. ______ can do. A: something, Something B: anything, Anything C: something, Anything D: anything, Something
( ) 28. ______ of us likes this song in our class.
A: None B: No one C: All D: Both
( ) 29. I have a sister and two brothers. ______ of them are now in Japan.
A: Both B: Everyone C: Either D: All
( )30. Is there any water in the bottle? No, ______.
A: none B: nothing C: not many D: quite a few
( ) 31. Her work is better than ______ in our class.
A: anyone B: anyone’s C: anyone’s else D: anyone else’s
( ) 32. Which do you prefer, the red one or the green one? ______.
A: None B: Any C: Either D: Every
( ) 33. ______ is interested in such a silly play.
A: No one B: None of us C: All of us D: We all
Ⅱ. Rewrite the sentences as required
1. Both Tom and Tim are good at sports. （ 改为否定句 ） _ ___ Tom _____ Tim _____ good at sports.
2. This problem is so difficult that nobody can work it out. （ 保持原意 ）
This problem is ___ _ difficult for __ ____ to work out.
3. All of them are teachers. （ 改为否定句 ） ___ of them ______ a teacher. 4. This answer is wrong. That answer is also wrong. （ 保持句意 ）
__ ___ this answer ___ ___ that one is right.
三、用some，any，no，every与thing，one，body构成的复合不定代词填空。
1. Don’t worry. There is ____ wrong with you.
2. If you don’t tell ____ about it, ___ will know.
3.—Can you hear ____? —Yes, but I can’t see ___.
4. Please get ___ ready at once. We’ll go at nine o’clock.
5. Would you like ___ to eat?
6. Is there ____ here? I want some help.
7. Listen! ____ is coming.
8.___ was interested in the game.
历年中考真题回顾：
1. –Wow! You’ve got so many clothes. --But _____ of them are in fashion now.
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
2. Charles was alone at home, with_____ looking after him.
A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one
3. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answer ________ of them.
A other B any C none D some
4. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get_____ completely free
. A. other B. others C. one D. ones
5. Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in _____way or another for the better. A. any B. one C. every D. either
6. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B: anything C. something D. nothing
7. ----The exam was difficult, wasn’t it? ---No, but I don’t think ______ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D everybody
8．There is _____________ with your car.
A. nothing seriously wrong B. seriously wrong nothing C. nothing wrong seriously D. wrong seriously nothing
9．He asked me if there was _____________ to read.
A. easy enough something B. enough easy something C. something easy enough D. something enough easy
10. —Is ________ here? —No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
11. —One week’s time has been wasted. —I can’t believe we did all that work for ________. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
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