2021广东省揭阳市高考英语学案：阅读理解练习(2)及答案解析(9月).docx

2021广东省揭阳市高考英语学案：阅读理解练习（2）及答案解析（9月）

【英语卷(解析)·2021届河北省唐山市高三9月模拟考试（202209）WORD版】D
We know that cigarette smoking kills． So, producers made electronic cigarettes as a safer smoking choice - safer than tobacco． Although e-cigarettes contain the drug nicotine like cigarettes, they do not use tobacco and you do not light them． They are powered by battery （电池）．
However, if e-cigarettes are so safe, why has the United States Center for Disease Control（CDC） seen an increase in telephone calls about e-cigarette poisonings?
The answer is children． Most of the calls are from people worried about children who have played with the devices, In the period of one month this year, the Center said 215 people called the Center with e-cigarette concerns． More than half of these calls were for children aged five and younger． The devices had made them sick．
Tim McAfee is director of the Center's Office on Smoking and Health, He says the problem is regulation． Meaning, the U．S． federal government does not control e-cigarettes even though they contain liquid nicotine． Mr．McAfee adds that liquid nicotine is a well-known danger． Mr．McAfee explains that nicotine poisoning happens when it gets into the skin, gets into the eyes or is swallowed． It can cause stomach pain or a sense of unbalance． And too much nicotine can kill,
Tim McAfee says e-cigarettes do not create the level of risk to people that tobacco products do．He notes that almost 500,000 Americans die each year from cigarettes． "So, cigarettes are the winner in that contest．" E-cigarettes do not contain hundreds of harmful chemicals that are found in real cigarettes． So, the U．S．Surgeon General Boris D． Lushniak has suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults trying to end their tobacco use．
But McAfee worries that teenagers may think electronic cigarettes are harmless． They could become addicted to the nicotine and then start smoking real cigarettes． In other words, he fears that for young people fake e-cigarettes could be a "gateway" to the real thing．
32．What do the producers think of e-cigarettes?
A． Dangerous． B． Expensive． C． Safer． D． Cheaper．
33．Why did the CDC receive so many calls about e-cigarettes?
A． Parents feared that their children might get poisoned,
B． Parents found the device useless in quitting smoking．
C． Children swallowed the liquid nicotine from the device．
D． Children might get addicted to playing with the device．
34．It can be inferred from the passage that ．
A． the CDC wants to develop a better type of e-cigarettes
B． the government is in favor of the use of e-cigarettes
C． Surgeon General Boris D． Lushniak is a heavy smoker
D． smokers most probably can't quit smoking using e-cigarettes
35．What is Tim McAfee's opinion about smoking?
A． Adults should use harmless e-cigarettes．
B． Smoking e-cigarettes can make a person sick．
C． He claims that regulations should be made to ban smoking．
D． He is concerned about the teens using e-cigarettes．
【答案】【学问点】C7 社会生活类
【文章综述】电子烟并不是毫无危害的，会损害到5岁以下的孩子，而对于想戒烟的成年人来说还是个不错的工具。
【答案解析】
32.C 细节理解题。依据第一段提到We know that cigarette smoking kills． So, producers made electronic cigarettes as a safer smoking choice - safer than tobacco们都知道长期吸烟会导致死亡。因此，制造商开发了一种更为平安的电子烟--比烟草相对平安，故选C项。
33.A 细节理解题。依据第三段提到Most of the calls are from people worried about children who have played with the devices, In the period of one month this year, the Center said 215 people called the Center with e-cigarette concerns．大多数电话是由于人们担忧孩子会玩弄这些设备。今年一个月期间，美国疾病把握中心报道215个人呼叫中心有关电子烟问题More than half of these calls were for children aged five and younger． The devices had made them sick．这些电话一半以上是由于5岁以下的孩子。这些电子烟明显导致孩子们生病，故选A项。
34.B 推断题。依据第四段提到Tim McAfee is director of the Center's Office on Smoking and Health, He says the problem is regulation． Meaning, the U．S． federal government does not control e-cigarettes even though they contain liquid nicotineTim McAfee是美国疾病把握与预防中心吸烟与健康办公室主任。他指出问题是规章制度。也就是说，虽然电子烟含有液体尼古丁，但是美国联邦政府没有把握电子烟，故选B项。
35.A 细节理解题。依据倒数其次段提到So, the U．S．Surgeon General Boris D． Lushniak has suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults trying to end their tobacco use他建议到电子烟对于那些试着戒烟的成年人来说还是比较有用的工具，故选A项。

阅读理解

Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV situation comedies and in movies like Revenge(报仇) of the Nerds. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a book. They are not good at social communication and look clumsy when it comes to sports.
How, then, do we account for Domenica Roman or Paul Melendres?
Roman is on the tennis team at Fairmont Senior High School. She also sings in the choral group, serves on the student council(同学会) and is a member of the mathematics society. For two years she has maintained A's in every subject. Melendres, now a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. He played soccer and basketball well, exhibited at the science fair, and meanwhile worked as a reporter on a local television station. Being a speech giver at the graduation ceremony, he achieved straight A's in his regular classes, plus bonus points for A's in two college-level courses.
How do super-achievers like Roman and Melendres do it? Brains aren't the only answer. "Top grades don't always go to the brightest students," declares Herbert Walberg, professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students. "Knowing how to make the most of your innate(天赋的) abilities counts for more. Much more."
In fact, Walberg says, students with high I.Q.s sometimes don't do as well as classmates with lower I.Q.s. For them, learning comes too easily and they never find out how to get down.
Hard work isn't the whole story, either. "It's not how long you sit there with the books open," said one of the many A students we interviewed. "It's what you do while you're sitting." Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.
The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.
1. The “nerds” can probably be __________.
A. dull bookworms lacking sports and social skills
B. successful top students popular with their peers
C. students with certain learning difficulties
D. born leaders crazy about social activities
2. What can we conclude from the first paragraph?
A. Most TV programs and films are about straight-A students.
B. People have unfavorable impression of straight-A students.
C. Everyone knows about straight-A students from TV or films.
D. Straight-A students are well admired by people in the society.
3. Some students become super-achievers mainly because ________.
A. they are born cleverer than others
B. they worker longer hours on study
C. they make full use of their abilities
D. they know the short cut to success
4. What will be talked about after the last paragraph?
A. The interviews with more students.
B. The role I.Q. plays in learning well.
C. The techniques to be better learners.
D. The achievements top students make.
5. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Students needn’t work hard on study any more.
B. The brightest students can never get top grades.
C. Top students certainly achieve all-around developments.
D. Students with average I.Q.s can become super-achievers.
【参考答案】1—5 A B C C D

【英语卷（解析）·2021届河北省石家庄二中高三开学考试（202208）】B
When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish it like it’s the most precious thing in the world. Because in some ways, it is.
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural: most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, that we should try to avoid mistakes. We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world: they make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn: we don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don’t just read about painting, or writing, or computer programming, or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing, then you make mistakes and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something. That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed at something, it’s probably something you already knew how to do. You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey was made up of mistakes, if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning, if you value growing and improving, then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
6. Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
A. Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.
B. Because it’s a natural part in our life.
C. Because we’ve been taught so from a young age.
D. Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers.
7. According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes?
A. We should try to avoid making mistakes.
B. We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.
C. We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.
D. We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
8. The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means .
A. a small child learning to walk B. a kindergarten child learning to draw
C. a primary pupil learning to read D. a school teenager learning to write
9. We can learn from the passage that .
A. most of us can really grow from success
B. growing and improving are based on mistakes
C. we learn to make mistakes by trial and error
D. we read about something and know how to do it right away
【答案】【学问点】C7 社会生活类
【文章综述】本文主要是告知我们错误的价值，错误可以让我们从中学到很多的东西，可以让我们成长，让我们进步。
【答案解析】
6.C细节题。依据第三段1,2行And that’s only natural. Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes.说明C正确。
7.C推理题。依据第四段mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.说明错误是我们学习的好机会，我们要好好珍惜，故C正确。
8.A推理题。依据Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.说明错误可以让最好的toddler,步行成为可能，故该词指学习走路的孩子，故A正确。
9.B推理题。依据文章最终一段So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes.是， 错误可以让我们成长，让我们提高。故B正确。

【英语卷(解析)·2021届广西桂林中学高三8月月考（202208）】(B)
Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
24. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.
A. the standards of success B. the meaning of success
C. the reasons for success D. the importance of success

25. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “that” refers to ______.
A. setting a practical goal B. being good at something
C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life
26. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. Having a goal is vital to success.
B. Being good is different from being great.
C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.
D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.
【答案】【学问点】C7 社会生活类
【文章综述】本文为谈论文。成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符合实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力或许无法确保你想要的成功，但是你为之付出的(领域)确定会成为你的优势所在。
【答案解析】
24.解析：选C 。主旨大意题。第一段主要分析了成功的缘由，有人认为是天赋、出身或者运气，但是作者并不完全认同，认为这只是生活的现实而已。故A项正确。A项意为“成功的标准”; B项意为“成功的意义”；D项意为“成功的重要性”，均与第一段不相关。
25.解析：选A 。词义猜想题。依据上句．..to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.可知，that代指“设定一个符合实际的目标”。
26.解析：选C。主旨大意题。概括全文可知，文章主要指出成功的关键不是靠天赋、出身或运气，没有大量的时间和练习，一个人是不会取得成功的。文章虽然提到，要取得成功首先要设定一个符合实际的目标，但没说这是“至关重要的(vital)”，这并非文章的主题；文章也并非主要比较being good与being great的不同，故排解B项；D项与文章内容相反。