2022高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习及答案05.docx

完形填空
I take a deep breath, cross my fingers and step forward. Am I about to take the leap before bungee-jumping? 　1　, I’m about to cross the road on my way to work.
There have been a few　2　in the press over the last couple of months about“Chinese-style road crossing”. The definition of this　3　is“a large number of people jaywalking(乱穿大路)together because they feel　4　in a big group”.
Crossing the road is a simple task but sometimes it can be time-consuming and dangerous. It can be　5　to try and rush across the road while the red　6　is still lit; it’s only a short distance, what’s the　7　that can happen?
Many pedestrians don’t seem to understand the　8　they are taking. If the light’s on green, then most drivers won’t pay attention, 　9　that no one will be crossing the road. If the driver does notice, it’s possible that they may not have the　10　stopping distance to be able to stop　11　hitting the person.
Also, stepping out onto a road at the wrong　12　causes vehicles to slow down, meaning the cars behind them have to slow down, creating a　13　effect possibly even a long tailback(车辆长队).
　14　, it can be difficult to stick to the rules when there is　15　pedestrian-friendly crossings and it seems that drivers don’t follow the rules, either. Even if the green man is showing, cars are still allowed to turn right at many lights, often turning into large crowds of people　16　crossing the road. Many times these cars don’t slow down, meaning pedestrians have to quickly move out of the way. It also means that people　17　cross the road when they should be allowed to—maybe this is a motivating factor for so-called jaywalkers.
Driving a car doesn’t mean you have more rights. It’s a privilege and with that privilege comes a lot of　18　. It doesn’t seem completely　19　to punish pedestrians for taking matters into their own hands on a road system that’s designed against them. A rethink of the way pedestrian crossing work and driver education may　20　a stop to“Chinese-style road crossing”.
【文章大意】本文主要叙述“中国式过大路”的现象、缘由及其对交通产生的影响, 并提出了作者自己的看法。
1. A. Yes　　　 B. No　　 　 C. Why　　　 D. However
【解析】选B。前后照应题。否定前面的问句, 引出下文。
2. A. articles B. sentences
C. stories D. persons
【解析】选A。前后照应题。下句提到“中国式过大路”的现象, 结合此处信息press, 可推知是在出版物上的“文章”。
3. A. word B. name C. phrase D. term
【解析】选C。词义辨析题。phrase表示(简洁的)说法。term指专业术语, 一般指科技、学术方面的。此句为“中国式过大路”这种说法的定义是……。
4. A. great B. happy C safe D. strong
【解析】选C。词义辨析题。“中国式过大路”即“凑够一大群人就过大路”, 由于他们感觉这样有平安感。
5. A. tempting B. interesting
C. exciting D. shocking
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。tempting指“有诱惑力的”, 往往用于怂恿某人干不正值的事。从整句可知当红灯还亮时, 大家就跃跃欲试, 冲过大路。
6. A. boy B. man C. girl D. woman
【解析】选B。背景常识题。指红灯, 显示一个红色人形图。
7. A. more B. worst C. better D. faster
【解析】选B。规律推理题。the worst最坏的事, 此处表示“最糟糕会发生什么事? ”。
8. A. risk B. lift C. light D. road
【解析】选A。固定搭配题。本段主题句, 下文讲到“中国式过大路”的危急性, 故用固定搭配take the risk(冒险)。
9. A. hoping B. believing
C. guessing D. assuming
【解析】选D。规律推理题。假如(机动车方向的)绿灯亮着, 司机就会以为没有人会横穿大路。assuming指“假定, 认为(但未能证明)”。
10. A. required B. requested
C. suggested D. allowed
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。车在刹车后到停止有确定的制动距离, required指“所需的, 规定的”。requested恳求的; suggested建议的; allowed允许(某人拥有或某事发生)的, 意思不恰当。
11. A. before B. after C. when D. while
【解析】选A。规律推理题。依据句意可知, 此处为“在……之前”。
12. A. direction B. time C. place D. speed
【解析】选B。词义辨析题。在错误的时间行人穿大路会阻碍车辆的行进。at与direction搭配不对, place与speed意思不符合语境。
13. A. knock-up B. knock-on
C. knock-down D. knock-back
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。a knock-on effect连锁反应。
14. A. On the one hand B. On the other hand
C. On the contrary D. On this occasion
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。上段谈到中国式过大路”的危害性, 此段又为此种过大路方式辩护。on the other hand另一方面, 用于比较不同或相对立的事实或想法。
15. A. a lot of B. a great deal of
C. a lack of D. a number of
【解析】选C。短语辨析题。pedestrian crossings人行道, -friendly便利……的。当缺乏便利行人过大路的人行道时, 要遵守交通规章就难了。
16. A. safely B. slowly
C. worriedly D. legally
【解析】选D。词义辨析题此句解释“中国式过大路”现象产生的一个缘由是绿灯亮, 行人照理应当可以走, 但车辆此时右转, 就必定开进人群。legally合法地, 依照法律地。
17. A. can’t B. shouldn’t
C. won’t D. mustn’t
【解析】选A。规律推理题。此句进一步解释。句意: 行人在(绿灯亮时)该允许走时, 却不能走(由于右转弯的车子阻碍了他们), 这就导致了“中国式过大路”。
18. A. responsibility B. possibility
C. personality D. reality
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。依据上下文可知, 作者认为开车并非意味着有更多特权(车与行人都有路权), 但这种特权必定有相应的责任。responsibility责任; possibility可能性; personality性格; reality现实。
19. A. severe B. mild
C. fair D. unjust
【解析】选C。前后照应题。take. . . into one’s hands意为“擅自处理”。句意: 行人因自行处理(即选择“中国式过大路”方式)不合理的道路系统而受惩处, 这好像并不公正。
20. A. add B. put C. set D. attach
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。固定搭配put a stop to sth. 意为“停止”。

阅读理解。
In the fall of 1985. I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.
My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college an the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.
Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic---and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.
You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 81. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant talking as few as one class each semester.
The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, But I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.
In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree！
I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won’t arrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.
( ) 1. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was tobe
A. a writer B. a teacher C. a judge D. a doctor
( ) 2. Why did the author quit school in her second year of college?
A. She wanted to study by herself.
B. She fell in love and got married.
C. She suffered from a serious illness.
D. She decided to look after her grandma.
( ) 3. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A. She was busy yet happy with her family life.
B. She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.
C. She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.
D. She was too confused to make a correct choice.
( ) 4. What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Failure is the mother of success. B、Little by little, one goes far.
C. Every coin has two sides. D、Well begun, half done.
( ) 5.Which of the following can best describe the author?
A. Caring and determine. B、Honest and responsible.
C、Ambitious and sensitive. D、Innocent and single-minded.
【文章大意】记叙文。文章介绍了作者取得本科学位的过程中做的事情。
1.C细节理解题。依据文章第一段的aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere.，可知答案为C。
2.D细节理解题。依据文章I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.可知答案。
3.A 推理推断题，由You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. 作者需要培育4个儿女，同时还要坚持学习的幻想， joyous可见作者在感到家庭是劳碌而幸福的。
4.B推理推断题。依据Everything you want won’t arrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.可以看出作者的学习是在循序渐进，千里之行始于足下，最终才取得学位的。Little by little ,one goes far.与之符合。
5.A推理推断题。通过全文作者照看祖母和照看家庭，可以看出作者Caring；通过作者坚持不懈的学习，最终拿到学位，可以看出作者的决心determine，选A。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.
His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”
This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.
However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism. K^S*5U.C

( ) 1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
( ) 2. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage?
a. He became addicted to drinking.
b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.
e. He failed to reorder his life.
f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
A. f-c-e-a-b-d B. b-e-a-f-c-d C. f-d-e-c-b-a D. b-f-c-d-e-a
( ) 3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald .
A. had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama.
B. was well educated and well off before he served in the army
C. would have completed more works if his wife hadn’t broken down
D. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital
( ) 4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about .
A. Zelda’s personal life
B. Zelda’s illness and treatment
C. Fitzgerald’s friendship with Graham
D. Fitzgerald’s contributions to the literary world
【语篇解读】本片文章为记叙文，主要叙述了英国出名文学家弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德的生平、生活及其重要作品
1.答案A。
【解析】细节理解题。据题意，由文章中关键词novel可知，文章中提及到的弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德的小说有：This side of paradise，The Beautiful and Damned，The Great Gatsby，Tender Is the Night and The love of the last Tycoon，共计5篇。故选A项
2.答案D。K^S*5U.C
【解析】细节理解题。依据第一段中“……was once a student of St. Paul Academy……In 1917 he joined the army……”可知弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德先在圣保罗学院学习，然后参与的军队。由此可知答案应为D项
3.答案C。
【解析】推理推断题。由第四段第一句“However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing”可以推断出C项
4.答案D。K^S*5U.C
【解析】推理推断题。依据人物传记的特点和本段对菲茨杰拉德生活、作品的描述，说明白菲茨杰拉德的作品对学界的意义，因此最终总结的一段是关于菲茨杰拉德对文学界的贡献的。故选D项

阅读理解。
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（呈现）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
71.BCI is a technology that can
A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computers
C. help the disabled to recover D. control a person's thoughts
72. How" did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?
A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine.
C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind.
73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A. scalp → computer →cap →wheelchair

B. computer →cap →scalp →wheelchair
C. scalp →cap →computer →wheelchair
D. cap → compute →scalp →wheelchair
74. The team will test with real patients to
A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to them
C. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition
75. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
【文章大意】科普说明文。本文介绍了BCI脑机接口技术，它是挂念残疾人向机器输送指令。

键词应当毁灭在标题中，选B。