2021高考英语一轮课外精炼题(16)答案-(通用版).docx

2021高考英语一轮课外精炼题（16）答案 （通用版）

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
　　Mention the terms Italian Culture and Renaissance Art and one is immediately reminded of the mysterious smile of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.
The renaissance period had a deep effect on European culture development. Having its beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe. Its influence was felt in different fields such as philosophy, literature, religion, science, politics, and, of course, art. The scholars of the renaissance period applied the humanist method in every field of study, and wanted human emotion and realism in art.
Renaissance scholars studied the ancient Latin and Greek texts, searching the monastic(修道院的)libraries of Europe for works of ancient times that had become obscure, in their hunt for improving and perfecting their worldly knowledge. This was completely different from the religion that Christianity(基督教)stressed. However, that does not mean that they refused Christianity. In fact, much of the greatest works of the renaissance period was devoted to it, with the church supporting a lot of the works of renaissance art. However, there were slight changes in the manner in which the scholars began to treat religion, which affected the cultural life of the society, which in turn influenced the artists of that period and therefore was reflected in their art.
In Raphael’s School of Athens, for example, some well-known people were described as classical scholars, with Leonardo da Vinci being given as much importance as Plato in his time. Giotto di Bondone, 1267—1337, a Florentine, who is regarded as the greatest Italian painter just earlier than the renaissance period, is thought to be the first artist who treated a painting as a window into space.
However, it was only after the writings of Filippo Brunelleschi, 1377—1446, who is considered the first great builder of the Italian Renaissance, that perspective was formally accepted as an artistic technique.
【文章大意】文章介绍了文艺复兴的发源地意大利在当时的背景下的文化特色和相关艺术家在这个时期的作用。
1. What makes Italy stand out in a way in world history?
A. Its artists during the Renaissance were numerous.
B. It was the center of the European countries.
C. It had Leonardo da Vinci’sMona Lisa.
D. It was the home to the Renaissance.
【解析】选D。推理推断题。其次段其次句话的beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe说明意大利正是文艺复兴的发源地, 从而影响整个欧洲。
2. The underlined word“obscure”in Paragraph 3 most probably means“　　　”.
A. meaningless and hard to recognize
B. clear and meaningful to guide people
C. unclear and difficult to understand or see
D. easy to understand but having little meaning
【解析】选C。词义猜想题。该题依据语境结合选项进行猜想。句中的the monastic说明这些资料的来源, 和宗教有关的应当是较难理解的, works of ancient times也说明白这一点。
3. When was perspective officially received during the Renaissance?
A. After the completion of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.
B. After Leonardo da Vinci’s being compared to Plato.
C. After Giotto di Bondone’s paintings were respected.
D. After Filippo Brunelleschi’s completing his writings.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。最终一段的强调结构里的被强调部分就是本题的解题线索。
4. The passage aims to tell us　　　.
A. Italy’s renaissance art and artists
B. the famous artists in Italy’s history
C. Italy’s influence on the world in culture
D. the hardships during the renaissance in Italy
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章是围围着意大利在文艺复兴中的文化进展和相关的艺术家开放的。
B
　　Britain’s long-term unemployed could be forced to carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits under plans being put forward by the government.
The U. S. -style scheme would see the long-term jobless ordered to take up four-week placements in order to get them used to having a full-time job.
The idea is part of major reforms, due to be unveiled this week, to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill, reduce dependency on benefits and weed out those earning money but not declaring it, papers said.
“What we are talking about here is people who have not been used to working having both the opportunity and perhaps a bit more of a push as well, to experience the workplace from time to time. The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. ”Foreign Secretary William Hague told BBC TV.
Shortly after the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Union took power in May, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith unveiled plans to simplify the complex web of benefits available to reduce errors and inefficiencies.
Duncan Smith said the system had become regressive and was not giving people the right encouragement to work as many were financially better off unemployed.
Under his plans, separate benefits for items such as housing, income support or disability will be replaced by a“universal credit”system whereby(靠那个)individual households would get a single welfare payment to ensure those in work would be better off.
The Observer newspaper said that in return, long-term unemployed would be told to take up work placements of at least 30 hours a week for a four-week period.
If they refuse or fail to complete the programme, their jobseekers’ allowance, worth 64. 30 pounds a week for those over 25, could be stopped for at least three months.
【文章大意】由于英国的福利过高, 再加上近年来的经济危机造成的高失业率, 越来越多的英国人不愿再去劳心费劲地工作, 干脆赖在家里向政府伸手要钱。当局为了削减养“好逸恶劳者”的经费, 出台强制性劳动方案, 要求失业的人从事劳力工作, 以此督促他们乐观查找工作。
5. What will the unemployed with welfare benefits face if the major reform takes effect?
A. They will lose their welfare benefits if they don’t work.
B. They will be encouraged to buy their own farms.
C. They will do some kinds of jobs.
D. Either A or C.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一段第一句话的carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits说明在新政下“懒汉”们面临的两种选择。
6. What will most British people think of the new reform according to William Hague?
A. They are against it since the unemployed are poor.
B. They are for it since the unemployed should keep fit.
C. They are for it since it’s unfair for the employed and unemployed.
D. They don’t care as there’re a few unemployed people having welfare benefits.
【解析】选C。推理推断题。第四段中The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. 说明绝大多数英国人支持新政。
7. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 most likely means　　　.
A. well-received　　　　　 　 B. far-reaching
C. old-fashioned D. live-and-let-live
解析】选C。词义猜想题。从该词所在句的was not giving people the right encouragement to work可知即将取消的措施就要过时了。
8. What is the aim of Britain’s major reform for the long-term unemployed?
A. To reduce the cost of welfare bill with healthy economy system.
B. To make them healthier and save cost in medical care.
C. To help more people go through financial crisis.
D. To increase pay and bonus for those employed.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第三段的to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill是直接目的, 最终的目的还是要建立合理健康的福利制度体系。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Russ was a lovable kid with a variety of communication challenges—a speech impediment(言语障碍), dyslexia(诵读困难), and auditory(听觉的)problems. 　1　today he is walking confidently, standing tall to make an acceptance　2　for having been chosen as one of the“Outstanding Young Citizens”in Ocean County, New Jersey　3　his remarkable volunteer service in the town of Toms River.
As I listened, I closed my eyes. I found myself　4　those memorable moments. My mind was full of warm images of Russ as a loving, caring youth, a gentle soul, 　5　his challenges. And now, as he stood at the platform, I knew his heart　6　be racing. As Russ continued to speak, I thought about the fateful day when he was diagnosed with all those impairments(缺陷)and how　7　his tutors(家庭老师)would be if they could see him today. Here he was twenty-nine, being honored for ten years of service as a volunteer　8　. Russ was　9　for organizing clothing for the homeless, teaching preschool children about fire safety, and for playing Santa Claus for very sick children by driving up in a fire truck.
Russ thanked his parents for providing him with dignity and teaching him about morals. Then, pausing for a few seconds, he　10　us by surprise by touching lovingly on the　11　of his nephew, Austin. Austin was just three years old when he died from an incurable disease. At that moment, I had to close my eyes again　12　a different set of tears ran down my cheeks. A silence　13　the room as Russ owed his volunteer award to Austin. He　14　his address by lifting the audience up with these words, “Austin taught me how to love. ”
I have never thought of this day. 　15　, no one had ever thought that Russ would make　16　as the star of the football team, and he had never been voted“most likely to succeed”, but he　17　to be a true“star”in his community. Russ became a man of strong character　18　his unselfish service to others. With so many impairments Russ now sees and acts　19　with his heart. His words and deeds inspire everyone who knows him. It is Russ, our son, who has shown us what　20　is.
【文章大意】一位被诊断为有言语障碍、诵读困难和听觉问题的少年敢于面对自己的困难, 最终成为社区的明星, 被授予“优秀年轻市民”称号。那么, 是什么促使他取得这一切的呢?
1. A. And　　　 B. When　　　 C. As　　　 D. But
【解析】选D。规律推理题。此句与前一句在规律上是转折关系。Russ虽然是一个有多种沟通障碍的人, 今日却当选为Ocean县“优秀年轻市民”, 现在站在台上演讲。
2. A. point B. speech C. call D. appeal
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。make an acceptance speech意为“做领奖致辞, 做获奖演讲”。和下文的As Russ continued to speak中的speak是同根词。
3. A. in spite of B. regardless of
C. because of D. in the face of
【解析】选C。短语辨析题。Russ当选“优秀年轻市民”是由于他卓越的志愿服务。because of由于, 符合上下文语境; A项尽管; B项无视, 不考虑; D项面对着。
4. A. recalling B. recording
C. seizing D. expecting
【解析】选A。背景常识题。我情不自禁地回忆过去一些难忘的时刻。依据memorable和以下作者回忆的内容, 可知A项正确。
5. A. putting up with B. concerning about
C. escaping from D. facing up to
【解析】选D。短语辨析题。face up to意为“英勇面对”。作者回想起Russ是一个有爱心、乐于助人又温存的人, 他敢于面对自己的沟通障碍。put up with忍受; concern about关怀; escape from躲避。
6. A. could B. must C. would D. might
【解析】选B。规律推理题。我想他现在在台上演讲, 心跳确定很快。此处的must表示推想, 意为“确定”。
7. A. nervous B. excited C. proud D. surprised
【解析】选C。规律推理题。Russ小时候被诊断为有言语障碍、诵读困难和听觉问题。现在, 29岁的他被授予荣誉称号, 他的家庭老师们知道后确定会感到傲慢(proud)。
8. A. policeman B. tailor
C. fireman D. tutor
【解析】选C。规律推理题。依据下文的about fire safety和driving up in a fire truck可知Russ义务做了10年的消防志愿者。
9. A. grateful B. responsible C. anxious D. fit
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。Russ负责为无家可归者筹备服装、给学龄前儿童讲防火学问等事情。be responsible for. . . 负责……
10. A. took B. got C. shocked D. moved
【解析】选A。固定搭配题。take sb. by surprise为固定短语, 意为“使某人吃惊”。
11. A. birth B. achievement
C. loss D. disease
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。loss和后面的died近义。此空前的touch on意为“提及, 谈及”, 他三岁的侄子由于生病而夭折了, 故此处用loss。
12. A. since B. after C. when D. before
【解析】选D。规律推理题。在那一刻, 我不得不再一次闭上眼睛, 以免失态(泪流满面)。
13. A. dropped down B. fell over
C. took off D. got up
【解析】选B。短语辨析题。当Russ将他的获奖归功于侄子Austin时, 房间里全部的人都马上缄默下来了。drop down意为“落下”, fall over意为“掩盖”, take off意为“起飞; 脱下; (产品等)突然受欢迎”, get up意为“起床”。
14. A. concluded B. wrote
C. delivered D. started
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。conclude his address意为“结束他的演讲”。
15. A. Generally B. Surprisingly
C. Actually D. However
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。我从未想到Russ会有今日这样的荣誉和成就。事实上(actually), 没有人会想到过Russ会成为足球队的明星。
16. A. it B. him C. one D. that
【解析】选A。固定搭配题。make it为固定短语, 意为“成功; 达到预定目标”。
17. A. happened B. rose
C. appeared D. reduced
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。但是他一步步地上来(rise)了, 最终成为社区一位真正的“明星”。happen碰巧; appear显得; reduce沦落为。
18. A. at B. on C. by D. in
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。Russ通过(by)赐予他人无私的服务而成了一个有坚强共性的人。
19. A. cautiously B. generously
C. closely D. clearly
【解析】选D。规律推理题。依据上文, Russ现在知道了如何去爱, 所以他做事有着清楚的目标。
20. A. sharing B. love
C. sacrifice D. confidence
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。上文中有how to love。
【技法导练】多学一点　棋高一着
阅读理解——生疏规律, 排解干扰
　　阅读理解题的四个选项中总有一个极易误选, 干扰项可分为以下三种类型:
1. 与原文冲突: 即选项与文章内容相冲突。这种选项的干扰性较小, 只要认真阅读就可排解。
2. 无中生有: 即选项与文章内容不冲突, 但在文中没有相关信息支持, 没有依据。这类选项的干扰性较大。在做此类题时, 切忌把自己或他人的观点作为选择依据。
3. 答非所问: 选项与题目关系不大, 选项没有针对题目来阐述。这类题目干扰性也较大。在做此类题时, 不仅要推断选项内容的正确性, 还应留意选项是否针对题目。
　　以A篇第1题为例, 写出干扰项的类型:
选　项
类型及缘由
A
_____________
B
_____________
C
_____________
选　项
类型及缘由
A
与原文冲突
B
答非所问
C
无中生有
答案: