2021年高考英语拉分题专项训练(必修一)-专题04-Earthquakes(知识部分).docx

《必修》1 Unit 4 Earthquake
【重点词汇】
1. frighten vt. 使惊吓；恐吓
The child was frightened to death by the violent thunderstorm. 那孩子让狂风暴雨吓得要命。
The birds were frightened off by the sudden explosion. 群鸟被突然的爆炸声吓跑了。
News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors. 发生抢劫的消息把很多人吓得装上新门锁。
Frightened children were calling for their mothers. 惊恐的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈。
2. burst (burst, burst) n.& vi. 爆裂；突然爆发
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内一些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。
Hearing the good news, all those present burst into cheers. 听到这个好消息，在场的人都欢呼起来。
Suddenly the door burst open and police officers carrying guns rushed in. 突然门被撞开了，全副武装的警察冲了进来。
To our surprise, the boy is constantly bursting out laughing now and then. 惊异的是这孩子老是突然大笑。
3. judge n. 裁判；法官；vt. 推断；判决；断定；认为
It is difficult to judge the full extent of the damage. 很难断定损失有多大。
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 五个评委听了你的演讲，他们全都认为这是今年最好的演讲。
The committee judged it advisable to postpone the meeting. 委员会认为会议应当延期进行。
Judging from recent news stories, the work we do together is seen as essential.  从近期的新闻报道来推断，我们一起开展的工作被视为至关重要。
4. ruin n. 废墟；vt. 毁灭；使破产
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 那次地震过后, 全城处处是颓垣断壁。
But it is a very different world from the one left in ruins in 1945.  不过，比起那在1945年剩下的废墟，当今的世界已经不一样了。
That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job. 那一次过失毁掉了他得到这份工作的机会。
Your future will be completely ruined once you are addicted to drugs. 一旦你染上毒品，你的前程就毁了。
5. damage n. & vi. 损伤；损害
The accident did a lot of damage to the car. 这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。
No doubt that such deeds are damages to her reputation. 毫无疑问，这样的行为是对她名誉的损害。
We hope that nobody will do anything that damage relations between the two countries 我们期望谁也不要做任何损害两国关系的事情。
As everybody knows, smoking can damage your health. 众所周知，吸烟对身体有害。
6. shock n. & vt. (使)震惊；震惊；触电；使休克
The shock of the blast damaged many windows. 很多窗户在爆炸中受损了。
If you touch this live wire, you'll get a shock. 摸这条带电的导线, 就会触电。
The news of his mother's death was a terrible shock to him. 他母亲去世的噩耗使他格外震惊。
He was shocked to hear his child swearing. 他听见他孩子骂人格外生气。
What she did was so shocking that I can hardly describe it. 她的行为太过分了, 我简直无法形容。

【重点短语】
1. as if 仿佛；好像
She works hard as if she never knew fatigue.  她工作努力，仿佛从不知疲乏似的。
You’ll feel as if you were at home while here.  到这儿就好像到了自己家一样。
As if from far away, he hears her call to the postmaster to send for the police. 好像是从很远的地方传来的声音，他听见她在让邮政局长打电话叫警察来。
Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.  有时，我常这样想，每天活得要像明天即将死去一样，这或许是一个格外好的规章。
2. dig out 掘出；发觉
I went to the shed and got my shovel to dig out the rock.  我走进小棚里拿出铁锹要把那块石头挖出来。
Dig out your list of favorite activities, those things you just love to do.  列举出你最爱的活动，这些事情都是你宠爱做的。
Rescuers are working to dig out those trapped in ruins.  救援人员正在努力挖掘出被困在废墟里的人。
And bring any information that you are able to dig out.  把你能收集到的任何资料都带来。
3. think little of 不在乎；不重视；评价低
Experts hold the view that Russian people think little of Americans. 专家们认为俄国人看不起美国人。
This happens to all of us sometimes, and we think little of it.  我们全部人都可能遇到过这个问题，但我们很少去思考。
I’m surprised that you think little of what she has done.  我很惊异你觉得她所做的不咋样。
He seemed to think little of everything, including school work and girlfriend. 他好像对一切都不在乎了，包括学业和女友。

【重点句型】
1. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 死亡或严峻受伤的人数多达40万。
【考点】“the number of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：
Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 现在中国学英语的人数正在快速增加。
The number of applicants has swollen to more than 200.  申请人的数目已增至200多人。
【比较】“a number of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数：
A large number of books have been sold in this bookstore. 这家书店已出售大量的图书。
Large numbers of buildings were in ruins after the big earthquake. 地震之后很多的建筑物成为一片废墟。
2. All hope was not lost. 并不是全部的期望都破灭了。
【考点】部分否定句：all, both, each, every, everything等与 not 连用构成部分否定，与not 在句中的位置无关。如：
Such a chance can’t exist everywhere. 这样的机会不是处处都有的。
Everyone here doesn’t know the truth. 并不是这里的每个人都了解真相。
Both of the earthquakes didn’t happen at night. 两次地震不都是发生在夜间。
All is not gold that glitters. 闪光者未必是真金。
全部否定用 neither, none, no one, nobody, nothing 等构成。如：
No one knows the answer to this question. 谁也不知道这个问题的答案。
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. 一旦她拿定了方法，什么也转变不了。
3. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队组织了救援队来挖出被困的人，埋藏死者。
【考点】“the + 形容词/分词” 表示一类人或物：
the rich 有钱人 the weak 弱势者 the living 活着的人
the injured 伤员 the poor 穷人 the young 年轻人
【重点语法】
关系代词的用法：
1. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语：
It was felt in Beijing which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning. (作宾语可省略)
2. that 指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语：
We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.
The man (that) you saw just now is our teacher. (学会分析引导词在从句中作什么成分！)
3. who和 whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语和宾语：
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
The girl (who/whom/that) you met in the office is a new comer from university.
4. whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语:
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (whose = of whom 意为“某人的”)
He lives in a room whose window was broken. (whose = of which 意为“某物的”)