2021西安市高考英语冲刺选练及答案8.docx

阅读理解。
　　Britain’s long-term unemployed could be forced to carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits under plans being put forward by the government.
The U. S. -style scheme would see the long-term jobless ordered to take up four-week placements in order to get them used to having a full-time job.
The idea is part of major reforms, due to be unveiled this week, to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill, reduce dependency on benefits and weed out those earning money but not declaring it, papers said.
“What we are talking about here is people who have not been used to working having both the opportunity and perhaps a bit more of a push as well, to experience the workplace from time to time. The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. ”Foreign Secretary William Hague told BBC TV.
Shortly after the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Union took power in May, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith unveiled plans to simplify the complex web of benefits available to reduce errors and inefficiencies.
Duncan Smith said the system had become regressive and was not giving people the right encouragement to work as many were financially better off unemployed.
Under his plans, separate benefits for items such as housing, income support or disability will be replaced by a“universal credit”system whereby(靠那个)individual households would get a single welfare payment to ensure those in work would be better off.
The Observer newspaper said that in return, long-term unemployed would be told to take up work placements of at least 30 hours a week for a four-week period.
If they refuse or fail to complete the programme, their jobseekers’ allowance, worth 64. 30 pounds a week for those over 25, could be stopped for at least three months.
【文章大意】由于英国的福利过高, 再加上近年来的经济危机造成的高失业率, 越来越多的英国人不愿再去劳心费劲地工作, 干脆赖在家里向政府伸手要钱。当局为了削减养“好逸恶劳者”的经费, 出台强制性劳动方案, 要求失业的人从事劳力工作, 以此督促他们乐观查找工作。
1. What will the unemployed with welfare benefits face if the major reform takes effect?
A. They will lose their welfare benefits if they don’t work.
B. They will be encouraged to buy their own farms.
C. They will do some kinds of jobs.
D. Either A or C.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一段第一句话的carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits说明在新政下“懒汉”们面临的两种选择。
2. What will most British people think of the new reform according to William Hague?
A. They are against it since the unemployed are poor.
B. They are for it since the unemployed should keep fit.
C. They are for it since it’s unfair for the employed and unemployed.
D. They don’t care as there’re a few unemployed people having welfare benefits.
【解析】选C。推理推断题。第四段中The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. 说明绝大多数英国人支持新政。
4. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 most likely means　　　.
A. well-received　　　　　 　 B. far-reaching
C. old-fashioned D. live-and-let-live
【解析】选C。词义猜想题。从该词所在句的was not giving people the right encouragement to work可知即将取消的措施就要过时了。
4. What is the aim of Britain’s major reform for the long-term unemployed?
A. To reduce the cost of welfare bill with healthy economy system.
B. To make them healthier and save cost in medical care.
C. To help more people go through financial crisis.
D. To increase pay and bonus for those employed.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第三段的to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill是直接目的, 最终的目的还是要建立合理健康的福利制度体系。

阅读理解。
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.
16. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?
A. He teaches chemistry at MU.  B. He developed a chemical battery.
C. He is working on a nuclear energy source. D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.
17. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.
A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied. B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.
C. to describe a nuclear-powered system. D. to introduce various energy sources.
18. Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.
A. get rid of the radioactive waste   B. test the power of nuclear batteries.
C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.
19. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.
A. uses a solid semiconductor        B. will soon replace the present ones.
C. could be extremely thin           D. has passed the final test.
20. The text is most probably a ________.
A. science news report        B. book review   
C. newspaper ad   D. science fiction story

【参考答案】16—20、CBDCA

阅读理解。
When most people think of tropical islands, lined with white sandy beaches and bright blue seas, it is often the Caribbean or South Pacific that comes to mind. But for Chinese tourists who want a taste of paradise on Earth there is a new place to consider.
Mauritius, an island lying off the southeast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, has just been added to China’s list of tourist destinations. Rich in history, natural beauty and culture, the island has been a popular destination for the world’s tourists for many years.
On December 15 a total of eight African countries were added to the list. The others are Tunisia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia and the Seychelles.
The island has passed through the controlling hands of a number of European powers, including Dutch, French and British. In 1968, Mauritius won its independence.
At present, over half the population of Mauritius is Hindu and another fifth is Muslim. Both groups are descendants(后裔) from workers brought to the island from India by the British. Some Chinese were also brought over to work. There are also descendants of African slaves and Franco-Mauritians, the original settlers of the island.
One of the best things about the island is the food. There is a mouth-watering mix of European, Chinese and Indian flavours and seafood is very popular. A typical Mauritian dinner might have Indian chicken curry, Chinese pork, British roast beef and French-style vegetables. Boiled rice is served with just about everything. All that is washed down with a plentiful supply of local beer and rum(朗姆酒).
The pleasant tropical climate and scenery provide the perfect setting to enjoy everything. The sea is full of colorful life that lives around the coral reef. This makes Mauritius a wonderful place for swimming and diving. The large number of interesting fish means it is also an exciting place for those who like to go fishing. (from )
5. Which of the following can’t be used to describe Mauritius?
A. Tropical island, white sandy beach and bright blue sea.
B. Beautiful scenery, rich history and culture.
C. Most of the people in Mauritius are black.
D. Delicious food mixed with eastern and western flavours.
6. Which group of the following topics is not discussed in the text?
A. Food and history. B. Scenery and population.
C. Location and sports. D. Natural resources and agriculture.
7. Which of the following is true?
A. Mauritius has something similar to the Caribbean or South Pacific.
B. Mauritius has a history of less than 40 years.
C. Mauritius has been a popular destination for Chinese tourists for many years.
D. The main food in Mauritius is local beer and rum.
8. The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. Pleasant tropical climate B. Beautiful scenery
C. The sea with colorful life D. The coral reef
5. C 事实细节题。第五段“over half the population of Mauritius is Hindu”的意义：毛里求斯现在一半的人口为印度人。依据我们中同学应当具备的常识，印度人不属于黑色人种，由此推断可知
6. D 事实归纳题。通读全文，短文中没有涉及“自然资源和农业”。其他几项都能找到。
7. A 推想题。短文第一段的意义是：一提起以白色的沙滩和迷人的大海而著称的热带群岛，人们大多会想起加勒比海或是南太平洋上的岛屿。而现在，中国游客又多了另外一个天堂般的好去处——毛里求斯。由此衬托出毛里求斯与加勒比海或南太平洋上的岛屿有相类似的风光。毛里求斯1968年赢得独立，独立不到40年，但不能说她有不到40 年的历史，可排解B项。其次段提到毛里求斯日前对中国公民开放旅游，可排解C项。倒数其次段“Boiled rice is served with just about everything. All that is washed down with a plentiful supply of local beer and rum”的意思是：主食为米饭。用餐的时候少不了喝一些当地的啤酒和朗姆酒，可排解D项
8. C 指代题。依据这两句的意义：五颜六色的小生物在珊瑚礁四周生存和繁衍，把大海点缀得格外秀丽。(这样的大海)使毛里求斯成为游客畅游、潜水的好地方。因此，This指代The sea with colorful life。

（2022大纲卷）其次节 书面表达(满分25分)
一家英语报社向中同学征文，主题是“十年后的我”、请依据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、家庭工作业余生活
留意：1、次数100左右； 2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语已为你写好
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【考点】考察半开放性作文
【写作指导】本文的话题是“十年后的我”，要求考生从家庭、工作和业余生活来想象十年以后的自己。文章应当使用将来时和第一人称。要点：1.十年以后的生活和现在是完全不一样，我会成为一个成年人，有了自己的家庭，甚至有了可爱的孩子。2.期望自己能够在自己宠爱的计算机行业工作，做一个程序设计师。工作顺当和同事相处融洽。3.在业余生活中经常参与熬炼，如游泳，登山等等。假期里出去旅游，生活多姿多彩。
本文要求考生充分发挥自己的想象力，机敏运用英语学问，接受不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来，留意主次分明，详略得当。语言力求精确、简洁。依据情景的进展，按挨次支配好材料。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有确定的连贯性。考生必需认真查验是否有漏写状况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。
【一句多译】
我期望我可以在一家电脑公司里做程序设计师。
（1）I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer.
（2）I hope I will work in a company which produces computer, and I can design some kinds of very good computer。
【参考范文】
one Possible Version
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.