2021承德市高考英语信息匹配类、阅读类五月选练及答案10.docx

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Wilderness
“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world. ” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation (开发) brings to such landscapes (景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services”far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
1. John Sauven holds that　　　.　
A. many people value nature too much
B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful
C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities
D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong
2. What is the main idea of Para. 3?
A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.
B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.
C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.
D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.
3. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?
A. Objective.　　　　B. Disapproving.　　　　C. Sceptical.　　　　D. Optimistic.
4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　CP: Central Point　　 P: Point　　 Sp: Sub- point(次要点)　　C: Conclusion
【参考答案】1—4、BCAD　　

阅读理解。
The Tibetan Plateau(青藏高原) is the world's highest place. It's four times the size of France and home to most of the world's highest mountains.
As you might expect, it's cold there. And it may be that the deep chill of the Tibetan Plateau played a role in the evolution of some of the world's most charismatic(魅力十足的) animals.
That's the belief of a scientist who discovered the skull of a woolly rhino(长毛犀) on the Tibetan Plateau.
The woolly rhino — two tons, two tusks, lots of hair and lots of attitude — was an Ice Age giant. It lived with other Ice Age beasts in Europe and Asia, starting about 2.5 million years ago.
But Xiaoming Wang, from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, was shocked when he found a 3.5-million-year-old rhino skull(头骨化石) on the Tibetan Plateau. "It caught us by complete surprise that they are actually up in the high plateau well before the Ice Age has started," Wang says.
That's about a million years before the Ice Age started, in fact. Wang thinks his discovery shows that at least some animals were prepared for the Ice Age. "At least in the case of the woolly rhino, it actually adapted itself in the cold environment in the Tibetan Plateau before the Ice Age has even started," Wang says.
"The animal actually used its head to sweep snow," Wang explains, "so they can get at the vegetation below the snow cover."
So Wang thinks the Plateau was a sort of evolutionary cradle(摇篮) for cold-weather animals. When the rest of the world eventually iced up, they moved out of Tibet and took over.
Anthony Barnosky, a paleontologist at the University of California, Berkeley, says even now, these isolated "cradles" are important for evolution(进化).
"The interesting thing," Barnosky says, "is on Earth today we have biodiversity(生物多样性) isolated in certain spots, and we just never know which of those isolated places will be the cradle of evolution for the next big environmental change coming down the pike(毁灭)."
The only problem is that to be ready, you have to know what the next environment will be like. Or just be very lucky.
16. The underlined word "chill" in Para.2 could be replaced as ___________.
A. hole B. cold C. shape D. lake
17. Which is NOTtrue about the woolly rhinos(长毛犀) on the Tibetan Plateau?
A. They were Ice Age giants with two tusks, lots of hair and lots of attitude.
B. They had lived on the Tibetan Plateau before the Ice Age has started.
C. They were able to sweep snow with their heads.
D. They hardly adapted themselves in the cold environment.

18. What did Anthony Barnosky think of the isolated "cradles" ?

A. They adapted the cold weather.
B. They played an important role in evolution.
C. It was hard to know whether they would change.
D. It was luck to change the next big environmental.
19. The research might appear in the .
A. journal science B. newspaper C. English textbook D. blog
20. From the passage, we can infer that _________.
A. Facing the cold, the animals continuously evolved
B. Xiaoming Wang works in the USA
C. Both Wang and Barnosky are paleontologists
D. A Chinese scientist discovered the skull of a woolly rhino

【参考答案】16—20、BDBAA

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
When Josephine Cooper was growing up, she learned the importance of charity from her parents. Although they made a modest living for their family of 10, they insisted on sharing with those less fortunate.
Half a century later, Mrs Cooper became a beloved volunteer at the San Diego Food Bank, where she devoted herself to helping others. She organized and ran a distribution center from a church, helping it become the organization’s largest emergency food distribution center in San Diego. She was one of 25 outstanding senior volunteers in the nation selected and invited to Washington D.C. to receive the award.
“She was the main person who helped us make that program grow,” said Mike Doody, former director of the Food Bank. “She had a way of getting people to work together and to work hard. She was determined and stubborn, but in a good way. She had a good heart.” People knew her as “Grandma” because of her selflessness and her devotion to helping hungry children and families. “She reminded people of their Grandma.” Doody said.
As a widow with a young child in 1979, Mrs. Cooper was helped through a difficult financial time when the Food Bank provided her with groceries. “She dedicated her life to giving back,” said her daughter, Monica Cooper. It wasn’t unusual for a local church to call Mrs Cooper to ask her to aid a needy family. “She would give people food out of her cupboard. Sometimes we would cook a meal for a family living out of their can,” Cooper said.
Although Mrs Cooper was honored to receive the national award for her volunteer work, she said being able to help others was her reward. She died of liver disease and kidney failure, aged 93.

4. What can we learn about Mrs Cooper?
A. She lived a miserable life. B. She refused the national award.
C. She was kind and devoted. D. She was difficult to get along with.
5. Mrs Cooper’s story suggests that .
A. everyone needs a Grandma nearby B. a sound mind is in a sound body
C. children are what their parents are D. a mother’s love never changes
【参考答案】1—5、BADCC

【2021高考复习】任务型读写
When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things; they' ve been heard and they've been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.
The first step is cooperating(合作). How does a difficult person know that you're listening and understanding? In fact，it' s through the way you look and sound while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement ，making certain sounds of understanding.
When the person begins to repeat what' s been said, it' s a signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat back some words he is using, sending a clear signal that you' re listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.
Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying.At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask some open­ended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.
The fourth step is to summarize(概括)what you've heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this，two things happen. First，if you've missed something，he can fill in the details (细节). Second, you' ve shown that you ' re making an effort to understand completely, This increases the possibility of gaining cooperation from him.
Having listened carefully, you've now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.
When enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.
Topic
1.________to understand
Reason
Difficult people hope they have been heard and 2.________when they express themselves.
3.________
on listening
◆ 4.________in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.
◆Repeat some 5.________that you have heard.
◆Collect information about the person's expressions and find his 6.________.
◆Give a 7.________of what the person has said.
◆Confirm that the person gains 8.________from speaking his thoughts.
Result
A difficult person will be 9.________to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.
Comment
You may unlock the doors to difficult people's 10.________after you listen and understand.
答案：1.Listen/Listening　2.understood　3.Suggestions/Tips/Advice　4.Nod　5.words　6.intention　7.summary　8．satisfaction　9.easier　10.hearts/minds

【上海市崇明县2022模拟】任务型阅读
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. comprehensive
B. spread
C. impact
D. incredible
E. observed

F. compared
G. success
H firmly
I. combination
J. heavily
K. motivate

A new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that around one in a hundred deaths worldwide is due to passive smoking, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a year.
In the first study to assess the global __41__ of second-hand smoke, WHO experts find that children are more __42__ exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it.
Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke is most likely to happen at home, and the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco seems to be a deadly __43__ for children in these regions. Commenting on the findings, Heather Wipfli and Jonathan Samet from the University of Southern California, said policymakers try to __44__ families to stop smoking in the home.
While deaths due to passive smoking in children were skewed(曲解) toward poor and middle-income countries, deaths in adults were __45__ across countries at all income levels.
In Europe’s high-income countries, only 71 child deaths occurred, while 35,388 deaths were in adults. Yet in the countries like Africa, an estimated 43,375 deaths due to passive smoking were in children __46__ with 9,514 in adults.
Only 7.4 percent of the world population currently lives in places with __47__ smoke-free laws, and those laws are not always __48__ enforced(施行). In places where smoke-free rules are __49__, research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent, and in general by 60 percent, the researchers said.
Studies also show such laws help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers and lead to higher __50__ rates in those trying to quit.
【参考答案】
41. C 42. J 43. I 44. K 45. B 46. F 47. A 48. H 49. E 50.G