2021高考英语完形填空、阅读理解通用练习(23)及答案.docx

2021高考英语完形填空、阅读理解通用练习（23）及答案

完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.
----Thomas Macaulay
About thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs Nanette O’Neill gave a maths 41  to our class. When the papers were  42 she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the 43  mistakes throughout the test.
There is nothing really new about  44 in exams. Perhaps that was 45 Mrs O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to  46  after class. I was one of the twelve.
Mrs O’Neill asked  47 questions, and she didn’t  48  us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the  49 words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to copy these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.
I don’t know about the other eleven boys. Speaking for  50  I can say: it was the most important single 51  of my life. Thirty years after being  introduced to Macaulay’s words, they  52  seem to me the best yardstick (准绳), because they give us a  53  to measure ourselves rather than others.
54   of us are asked to make  55  decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called  56 daily to make a great many personal decisions. Should the wallet, 57 in the street, be put into a pocket or 58 to the policeman? Should the  59  change received at the store be forgotten or  60 ? Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect.
41. A. paper         B. question C. test          D. problem         
42. A. marked    B. completed        C. examined        D answered
43. A. easy         B. same          C. funny         D. serious
44. A. lying        B. discussing        C. guessing       D. cheating 
45. A. because        B. when              C. why         D. how
46. A. remain        B. apologize C. come       D. leave            
47. A. many        B. certain            C. no  D. more
48. A. excuse       B. reject            C. help           D. scold
49. A. above      B. common         C. following      D. unusual
50. A. herself    B. ourselves         C. themselves     D. myself
51. A. chance     B. incident          C. lesson         D. memory
52. A. still      B. even            C. always         D. almost
53. A.  reason     B. sentence          C. choice         D. way
54. A. All        B. Few            C. Some          D. None
55. A. quick      B. wise             C. great          D. personal
56. A. upon B. out        C. for              D. up           
57. A. finding B. found C. find D. founded
58. A. turned up B. turned on C. turned over D. turned back
59. A. small      B. extra           C. some           D. necessary
60. A. paid       B. remembered     C. shared         D. returned
【参考答案】完形填空
41—45 CABDC 46—50 ACDAD 51—55 CADBC 56—60 ABCBD

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.
Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
63. Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth
paragraph?
A. protect B. prevent C. develop D. cure
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜想题。依据not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help及many cancers可以推想是不吸烟，吃好的食物及有一个健康的体重有助于阻挡癌症的发生，故选B。
64. Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?
A. Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk.
B. Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world.
C. Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers.
D. Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。依据The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.世界卫生组织建议一周五次一次30分钟的熬炼时间，故选D。
65. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
A. Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers
B. Cancer is a leading cause of death
C. Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases
D. The incidence of common cancers is rising
【答案】A
【解析】标题归纳题。依据making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers及短文的内容可知要人们平常留意生活能够阻挡癌症的发生，故选A。
66. By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ____.
A. advise people to develop healthier lifestyle.
B. warn people of the danger of cancers
C. explain why many people die from cancers every year.
D. introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。依据短文的内容可知主要建议人们进展健康的生活，故选A。
67. We can infer from Peter Baldini’s opinion in the last two paragraphs that ____.
A. all the lung cancers are linked to smoking
B. there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one
C. all governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health
D. it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking
【答案】C
【解析】推理推断题。依据called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes.建议政府要实行措施把握人们吸烟进而来疼惜人们的身体健康，故选C。

高考英语完形填空
People do not analyse every problem they meet. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. ther times they begin to act without __1__；they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all of these methods __2__， the person with a problem has to start analysing. There are six __3__ in analysing a problem.
First, the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken. Sam must __4__ that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the person must __5__ the problem. Before Sam can repair
his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. He must __6__ the parts that are wrong.
Now the person must look for __7__ that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. Suppose Sam __8__ that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes.__9__， he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes or talk to his friends at the bike shop.
After __10__ the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution, which might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.
In the end, one __11__ seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes quite __12__ because the thinker suddenly sees something in a __13__ way. Sam suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake. He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must __14__ the brake. Finally the solution is __15__. Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.

(　　)1.A.practice B．thinking C．understanding D．help
(　　)2.A.fail B．work C．change D．develop
(　　)3.A.ways B．conditions C．stages D．orders
(　　)4.A.explain B．prove C．show D．see
(　　)5.A.judge B．find C．describe D．face
(　　)6.A.check B．determine C．correct D．recover
(　　)7.A.answers B．skills C．explanation D．information
(　　)8.A.hopes B．argues C．decides D．suggests
(　　)9.A.In other words B．Once in a while
C．First of all D．At this time
(　　)10.A.discussing B．settling down C．comparing with D．studying
(　　)11.A.suggestion B．conclusion C．decision D．discovery
(　　)12.A.unexpectedly B．late C．clearly D．often
(　　)13.A.simple B．different C．quick D．sudden
(　　)14.A.clean B．separate C．loosen D．remove
(　　)15.A.recorded B．completed C．tested D．accepted

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例说明白解决问题的六大步骤。文章浅显易懂，规律性强。
1．B　without thinking意为“不假思考”。
2．A　从上下句的关系看，它们是转折关系。当这些方法都失败后人们就会开头分析。
3．C　此处stage的意思是“步骤”。分析问题有六个步骤。
4．D　此处see在这句话中意为“明白”。当Sam的自行车不能正常使用时，他应当明白自行车出了毛病。
5．B　要解决问题，当然要找到问题所在。
6．B　determine意为“测定，找出”，与find out意思相同。
7．D　依据下文Sam所做的事情可知，要了解问题的相关信息才能修理，所以选information。
8．C　结合规律在修自行车之前，要先“确定”是自行车的哪个部件出了问题。
9．D　当Sam的自行车闸出了问题之后，这时他就可以进一步实行措施了。at this time意为“这时”；in other words意为“换句话说”； once in a while意为“间或”；first of all意为“首先”。由句意及上下文可知选D。
10．D　争辩了问题后(人们)就可能提出一些解决建议。此处study不仅有“学习”的意思，还有“争辩”的意思。
11．A　其中一个建议会解决问题。依据上文可知选A。
12．A　由下文suddenly可知。
13．B　由于想解决问题的人突然发觉了一些东西，直接就找到了症结所在，而这种方法与上文所述是不同的。
14．A　去掉口香糖的方法是清理车闸。
15．C　只有经过检验，才能证明解决问题的方法的正确性。

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?
Actually，veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear，yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when it's outside the body，when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth，these blood­filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder，your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out，and why don't they grow back in grown­ups?
Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in，you're done.When they're gone，they're gone.This is because nature figures you're set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But，when they do，it isn't because they're shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3­4 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？No，because old people don't really shrink！It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter，it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or，more often，become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?
Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling.The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity­and­motion­sensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.But，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs，cats，and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.
If exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned，it's “use it，or lose it”！It's not that exercise makes you healthy；it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
1．What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．Blue. B．Light yellow.
C．Red. D．Dark reddish purple.
解析　细节理解题。依据第一个标题下的“...it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。
答案　D。
2．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A．Because their spine is in active use.
B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C．Because they keep growing backwards.
D．Because their spine becomes more bent.
解析　细节理解题。依据第四个标题下的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．”可知，老年人变矮是由于脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。
答案　D。
3．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A．In the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
解析　细节理解题。依据其次个标题下的第三句“But，in the long run，your brain...”可知答案为A项。此题最易误选B项，依据第五个标题下的最终一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。
答案　A。
4．What is the main purpose of the selection?
A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B．To provide information about our body.
C．To challenge new findings in medical research.
D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
解析　写作意图题。考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、心