2021高考英语人教版训练(6)及答案.docx

2021高考英语人教版训练（6）及答案

完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从1—15各题所给出的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon（外科医生）”? As my year as chief resident (住院医生) drew to a 1__________, I asked myself this 2__________ many times.
The answer, I concluded, was 3__________. When you can say to yourself, “There is no patient I cannot treat 4__________, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon” — then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that 5__________.
Take, for example, the emergency situations that we had to face almost every 6__________. For the first few months of the year, I had 7__________ the ringing of the telephone. I knew it meant another critical 8__________ to be made. Often, after I had told my assistants what to do in a particular 9__________, I’d have trouble getting back to sleep. I’d 10__________ all the facts of the case and, often, wonder if I hadn’t made a poor decision. More than once at two or three o’clock in the morning, after lying 11__________for an hour, I’d get out of bed, dress and drive to the 12__________ to see the patient myself. It was the only way to 13__________ myself.
Now in the last month of my residency, 14__________ was no longer a problem. Sometimes I still couldn’t be 15__________ that my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon.
1. A. close B. beginning C. hospital D. bed
2. A. problem B. question C. doubt D. disbelief
3. A. uncertainty B. belief C. self-confidence D. comfort
4. A. friendly B. excitedly C. badly D. competently
5. A. point B. place C. degree D. height
6. A. week B. night C. year D. period
7. A. received B. feared C. called D. refused
8. A. plan B. proposal C. decision D. mistake
9. A. position B. event C. situation D. environment
10. A. skip B. search C. reuse D. review
11. A. alive B. alone C. asleep D. awake
12. A. home B. chemist’s C. hospital D. department
13. A. find B. seek C. relax D. obtain
14. A. treating B. sleeping C. operating D. curing
15. A. certain B. doubtful C. frightened D. amused
1.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.结束；B.开头； C.医院；D.床。 在我任住院主任医师的那一年快要结束的时候，故选A。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.难题；B.问题；C.怀疑；D.怀疑。依据下文The answer, I concluded可知，我曾多次问自己这个问题，故选B。
3. 【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.不确定性；B.信仰；C.自信；D.劝慰。我最终认定，问题的答案在于“自信”二字，故选C。
4. 【答案】D
【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A.友善地；B.兴奋地；C.严峻地，恶劣地；D.胜任地。依据下文treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon可知，任何外科病人我都能胜任进行治疗，故选D。
5. 【答案】A
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.时刻；B.地方；C.程度；D.高度依据文章第一句话How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon（外科医生）”?可知，我正接近那个时刻，故选A。
6. 【答案】B
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.周；B.晚上；C.年；D.时期。依据常识咱们知道急诊几乎是每天都有的。就以我们几乎每晚都会遇到的急诊状况为例吧，故选C。
7. 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.收到；B.可怕；C.呼叫；D.拒绝。依据下文“Often, after I had told my assistants what to do in a particular 9__________, I’d have trouble getting back to sleep.”可知他可怕电话响。故选B。
8. 【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.方案；B.提议，建议；C.打算，决议；D.错误。由下文“often, wonder if I hadn’t made a poor decision.”可知选C。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.位置，职位；B.时间；C.状况，形势；D.环境。由“the emergency situations that we had to face”可知选C。
10.答案】D
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.跳动，遗漏；B.搜寻，搜寻；C.再使用；D.回顾，复习。由“wonder if I hadn’t made a poor decision.”可知我会重温病人的整个病情，故选D。
11.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A.活着的，有生气的；B.独自地，单独的；C.熟睡地；D.醒着的。由“wonder if I hadn’t made a poor decision.”可知我睡不着，故选D。
12.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.家；B.药店；C.医院；D.部门，科，局。由“to see the patient”可知他得去医院。
13.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.发觉，认为，感到；B.查找，搜寻；C.使放松，休息；D.获得。由上文他由于怀疑自己是否做出了不妥的打算而睡不着，可知他去看了病人之后才能使自己放松下来休息。
14.【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词及语境的理解。A.处理，对待；B.睡觉；C.操作，动手术；D. 治疗，消退。由于上一段始终在说他无法入睡，所以这里是睡眠不再是问题，故选B。
15.【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.必定的，确定；B.可疑的；C.可怕的，受惊的；D.快活的，顽皮的。由“but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon.”可知虽然有时还无法确定自己所作打算是否正确。故选A。

阅读下面短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I didn’t realize how short I was until I started school. There, a few kids picked on(欺侮)me, calling me names. Then I knew. After that, I began to hate the first day of school each year. I didn’t know who was new and would stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs. Some of the kids would point and say, “Look at that kid. Look at her.”
As time went on, I just tried to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I was determined to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. My friends became increasingly protective. They’d help me up the bus steps. If people were cruel, they would take them aside and correct them.
What I lacked in height, I made up for in personality—my ability to laugh, even at myself. For example, one time I was reaching into the washing machine at my parents’ house to grab the wet clothes. I fell all the way in and yell for Mother, who was sitting nearby reading the paper. Watching feet flying everywhere, she laughed quietly and said, “I should leave you there.”I laughed with her.
I’m 47 now, and the stares have not decreased as I’ve grown older. People ask my friends if I live in a dollhouse. They look in disbelief when they see me get out of my car on the driver’s side. During those times, I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude, I remind myself, “Look what else I have—a great family, nice friends. . .”
1. What is the main idea of the second and third paragraphs?
A. How the writer changed her disadvantage to advantage.
B. The writer’s friends and mother loved her deeply.
C. The writer had many friends helping her.
D. The writer had the ability to laugh.
2. By saying “the stares have not decreased”in the last paragraph, the author suggests that______.　
A. she is able to live a happy life like a normal person
B. she isn’t afraid of being noticed by others any more
C. some people still don’t treat her as a normal person
D. more and more people treat her with respect now
3. How is the author feeling now about her situation?
A. Quite optimistic. B. Very satisfied.
C. Deeply upset. D. Rather anxious.
4. We can infer that the author believes that______.　
A. society should help the disabled as much as possible
B only your parents and friends can help you
C. what people say about you is none of your business
D. all people should be treated with respect
【参考答案】35.ACAD 　

阅读理解。
(2022·绍兴统考)
When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat. ”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”
【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明白在几千年前狗伴随人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证明白这一点。
1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“　　　”.
A. leftover food　　　　　 B. animal waste
C. dead bodies D. living environment
【解析】选C。词义猜想题。依据第四段其次句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发觉的狗的骨头, 所以remains应当是尸体。故C正确。
2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that　　　.
A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D.
B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
【解析】选D。细节理解题。依据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可推断出被争辩的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以D正确。
3. What can we know from the passage?
A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s.
C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.
D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。依据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正确。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The origin of the North American dogs.
B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America.
C. The reasons why early people entered America.
D. The difference between Asian and American dogs.
【解析】选A。推理推断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the Bering Land Bridge, 其次、三、四、五段争辩狗的DNA“to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。