2021贵阳市高考英语语法填空、短文改错、阅读类训练(5)及答案.docx

2021贵阳市高考英语语法填空、短文改错、阅读类训练（5）及答案

阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷标号为16～25的相应位置上。
Orville and Wilbur Wright were the two American brothers that invented the first airplane .They started out as bicycle repairmen. Soon, they became interested in different types of machines and began to learn 16 the machines worked. They observed birds flying 17 (get) ideas, as well as read about other inventors' attempts to make aircraft. In 1900, the brothers completed their first design of a kite glider(滑翔机) and tested 18 in North Carolina. They tested kite gliders both with and without 19 pilot.
Finally, in 1903, the first engine-powered Wright Flyer 20 (invent). The "Wright Flyer I" had a gas engine and wooden propellers(螺旋桨). After they 21 (continue) improved it upon earlier designs, the brothers successfully received a patent(专利) in 1906 22 their Flying Machine.
Modern airplanes today are very different 23 the first Flying Machine. They fly faster, are much larger, and have television sets built in for passengers' 24 (enjoy). Some planes have seats 25 lie flat to become beds and on the very newest planes, passengers can even use the Internet!
【参考答案】
16、how 17、to get 18、it 19、a 20、was invented
21、continuously 22、for 23、from 24、enjoyment 25、that/which

【2021广东省广州市调研测试】
完形填空 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Rebuilding a broken friendship can be difficult. The 1 may not be easy to get over, but you should try. Be the first to talk to your friend. If it wasn’t your fault, then it should be easy to
2 your friend. Tell her that her friendship is more 3 to you than any silly misunderstanding. Be generous and she will accept your apology. Never return to this painful
4 unless she brings it up.
If the fault was yours, tell her so and 5 that you should never have said what you said or done what you did. Don’t send her an email or 6 her. You have to be brave and apologize to her in person. If you’re lucky, she might 7 it at once; otherwise, you will have to give her
8 to recover. Get your shared friends to help if your first attempt has been 9 . But don’t give up. Prove to your friend that she’s worth fighting for and that you’re 10 to show how sorry you are by being mature and 11 until she’s ready to forgive you.
A friendship can be broken in a minute due to 12 talk or jealousy. A true friendship however is worth mending but take it 13 , step by step. Talk to her about the good times you had and the bad times when you helped each other. Tell her how 14 it would be for you to lose someone you value and respect so much. Show her that your broken friendship must be mended because you cannot 15 to keep it broken forever.
1. A. friendship B. feeling C. hurt D. talk
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解力气。friendship友情； feeling感觉； hurt 苦痛； talk 谈话依据Rebuilding a broken friendship can be difficult.可知既然是破坏的友情就会带来苦痛或伤痛。这种伤痛不简洁克服，故选C。
2. A. forgive B. encourage C. ignore D. blame
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解力气。forgive原谅； encourage鼓舞； ignore忽视； blame责怪。依据she will accept your apology，假如不是你的错，你就很简洁的原谅你的伴侣。故选A。
3. A. dependable B. valuable C. acceptable D. considerable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解力气。dependable牢靠的； valuable有价值的； acceptable可接受的； considerable值得考虑的。告知她她的友情是更有益的比那些愚蠢的理解，故选B。
4. A. conversation B. friendship C. idea D. topic
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解力气。conversation交谈； friendship友情； idea想法； topic话题。不要回到那种苦痛的话题除非她自己提出，故选D。
5. A. analyze B. explain C. demonstrate D. conclude
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解力气。analyze分析； explain解释； demonstrate证明； conclude推断。假如错误是你的，你就告知她是这样的并且解释你不应当说你曾经说过的话或曾经做过事情，故选B。
6. A. call B. meet C. avoid D. join
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解力气。call打电话； meet遇见； avoid避开； join加入。依据下文可知apologize to her in person，要亲自赔礼。不要给她发邮件或者打电话。，故选A。
7. A. confirm B. welcome C. face D. accept
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解力气。confirm确定； welcome欢迎； face面对； accept接受。依据you’re lucky，可知假如是幸运的，她可能马上接受你的赔礼，故选D。
8. A. courage B. time C. reason D. strength
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解力气。courage士气； time时间； reason缘由； strength力气。依据otherwise，表示另一种相反的状况毁灭。否则，你就必需给她时间渐渐地去恢复，故选B。
9. A. offensive B. surprising C. unsuccessful D. unacceptable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解力气。offensive攻击的，冒犯的； surprising惊异的； unsuccessful不成功的； unacceptable不能接受的。依据上文可知假如你没有成功，你就可以让的伴侣去帮忙，故选C。
10. A. willing B. delighted C. scared D. upset
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解力气。willing乐意的； delighted 兴奋的； scared可怕的； upset心烦的。你要证明你是情愿通过你的恳切和急躁表示你的歉意，直到她乐意原谅你，故选A。
11. A. polite B. faithful C. patient D. eager
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解力气。polite有礼貌的； faithful忠诚的； patient急躁的； eager渴望的。你要证明你是情愿通过你的恳切和急躁表示你的歉意，直到她乐意原谅你，故选C。
12. A. unprepared B. informal C. meaningless D. careless
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解力气。unprepared无预备的； informal非正式的； meaningless无意义的； careless马虎的。依据A friendship can be broken，友情可能很快就会消逝由于马虎的谈话或者嫉妒，故选D。
13. A. slowly B. seriously C. softly D. kindly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词及语境的理解力气。slowly渐渐地； seriously严峻地； softly温存地； kindly和气地。真正的友情需要弥补，但是需要一步一步渐渐地来，故选A。
14. A. strange B. difficult C. impractical D. pointless
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解力气。strange惊异的； difficult困难的； impractical不切实际的； pointless无意义的。告知她失去你珍惜和敬重的人是多么的难，故选B。
15. A. wait B. live C. hope D. afford
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解力气。wait等候； live居住； hope期望； afford赐予，买得起。向她表明你的裂开的友情可以弥补，由于你不行能让这种裂开的友情永存，故选D。

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的AB,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (仿照) it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”) , the same mirror neurons weretriggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball) .
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动) . Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物) for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
1. Mirror neurons can explain　　　.　
A. why we cry when we are hurt
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
2. The underlined word“triggered”in the third paragraph probably means“　　　”.　
A. set off　　　　 B. cut off　　　　　C. built up　　　　 D. broken up
3. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons　　　.　
A. relate to human behavior and interaction
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to find mirror neurons.　　　 B. Problems of mirror neurons.
C. Existence of mirror neurons.　　　 D. Functions of mirror neurons.
【参考答案】1—4、CAAD　　

模拟短文改错
When we talk about city life, we’ll think tall 1．_________
buildings, busy streets and comfortable live 2．_________
conditions．Besides, there is much pollution in 3．_________
the city now．People have to put up with noisy 4．_________
and harmful smoke．How about country life? The 5．_________
first feelings come into our minds are peace and quiet． 6．_________
We can enjoy the blue sky, golden crop and fresh air． 7．_________
But life in the country is not so easy as it in the city． 8．_________

In my opinion, if we pay attention to protect the 9．_________
environment and developing the country, and we’ll enjoy 10．_________
a modern and peaceful life．
【参考答案及解析】
1．think后加of / about 考查动词的用法。此处think不能直接带宾语，故改成think of的形式。
2．live改为living 考查分词作定语。此处living conditions生活条件。
3．Besides改为However 考查副词的用法。依据文意前面为优势后为劣势，故表转折用however。
4．noisy改为noise / noises 考查形容词和名词的用法区分。此处名词作with的宾语，故用noise。
5．正确 经分析本句正确。
6．come前加that或come改为coming 考查句子结构的分析。本句的谓语动词是are，所以come需以分词作定语或作定语从句的谓语的形式毁灭。
7．crop改为crops 考查名词的单复数。依据语意应用复数形式。
8．it改为that 考查代词的用法。此处that用于比较句型，因其后有定语in the city。
9．protect改为protecting 考查介词的用法。由于pay attention to中的to是介词，故用动名词。
10．去掉其次个and考查句子结构的分析。本句前面是if引导的条件句，后面是主句，所以去掉and。