2021重庆合川市高考英语(五月)阅读理解专题自练及参考答案13.docx

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
The first Europeans came to America in 1492 with Christopher Columbus. Since that time people have come to America from all over the world, from Europe, Africa, and Asia, and they have brought their music with them. This mixing of people and music has created American music.
Music is a very important part of our lives. Music is for dancing, drinking, eating, loving, and thinking. Some songs remind us of our childhood or youth.
Others remind of the people they love. Many important occasions, like weddings and funerals have special music. Every nation has a national song like the American “The Star­Spangled Banner”. In the US high schools and colleges have school songs too.
Music is a part of the history of America. It expresses the problems and feelings of its people. As the years pass, the music grows and changes.
Modern science has also changed music. Inventions like records, radios, movies, electric instruments, tape recorders, and videos have changed the way we play and listen to music. They have helped to make music an important form of international communication.
American music, from the earliest folk songs to modern “pop”， is known around the world. Music is one of America's most important exports. It brings the people of the world together. Even when people cannot understand the same language, they can share the same music. Many people learn and practise English by singing song. Understanding American music can help you understand American people, their history and culture.
So, as the song says, “put a dime (10 cents)in the juke box (自动点唱机), baby. Let's listen to the music！”
1．The article mainly tells us about ________.
A．how American music developed
B．when American music developed
C．what American music is
D．why American music is so popular
答案：A　全文主要叙述了美国音乐的进展历程及现状，故A项最佳。
2．From the text we know that ________.
A．American music has spread all over the world
B．American music began in the 1550s
C．American music is special
D．American music has changed modern science in the US
答案：A　文章倒数其次段第一句“American music...most important exports.”可知美国音乐已被全世界的人知晓。音乐是美国最重要的出口产品。
3．The sixth paragraph probably means that ________.
A．American music is very popular
B．American music is known to people all over the world
C．American music can help us understand American people, history and culture
D．American music is important in our lives
答案：C　文章倒数其次段最终一句话“Many people learn and... help you understand American people, their history and culture.”可知美国音乐挂念我们了解美国人、美国历史和美国文化。
4．American music is ________.
A．for dancing, drinking, eating, loving and thinking
B．a mixture of people and music from all over the world
C．an important form of international communication
D．a part of the history of the world
答案：B　由文章第一段可知世界各地的人们移民到美国并带去了他们的音乐。这些音乐混合起来构成了美国音乐。
5．Which of the following statements is true?
A．Only modern American music is world­famous.
B．If people don't understand the same language, they don't understand the same music.
C．Many people learn English by enjoying American songs.
D．If you want to understand American history and culture you must understand American music.
答案：C　由文章第六段可知人们可以通过观赏美国歌曲来学习英语，故C项最佳。同样由此段可推断B，D项是错误的。

【2022高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】D
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”

41. The robotic fly project has been conducted __________.
A. just by accident B. within a decade
C. just by a professor D. for more than ten years
42. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.
A. they had no model in their mind
B. they did not have sufficient time
C. they had no ready-made components
D. they could not assemble the components
43. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.
A. consists of a flight device and a control system
B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time
C. can collect information from many sources
D. has been put into wide application
44. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Father of Robotic Fly
B. Inspiration from Engineering Science
C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study
【参考答案】41-45. DCBDC

【2022高考英语四川省凉山州一模试题】E
When I was a boy, my father told me that he could do anything he wanted to. Dad said that
he wanted to be the first to develop color prints in our city, and so he did.
When I was 16, Dad looked closely at the violin I played and announced that he wanted to
make one. He read about violin making, and then became a violinmaker at the age of 43. He
bought the tools and materials, opened a small store and set Mom up as the shopkeeper, while he
worked at a local company. He retired from the company 17 years later and continued to make
violins and other instruments
Dad often guessed why the Stradivarius violins sound so beautiful. Some experts claimed that
it was the unique varnish（油漆）that gave those instruments their beautiful sound. Dad娜ed that
chemists could analyze the varnish-if that were the answer. One of Dad’s friends asked him once
which kind of wood was used to make violins. When Dad explained that the top was made of
spruce（云杉），his friend said that he had an old piece of spruce Dad might be interested in.
He worked for the next 12 months making a violin from the wood that his friend had given
him. It proved to be a superior violin and it would become Dad's masterpiece. He was convinced
that the secret of the Stradivarius sound was in the wood itself. Later, the instrument was stolen
Dad's spirit was broken by the robbery, and he stopped making instruments. But he kept the
music shop until he was 80 years old, selling guitars and violins.
My father has been gone for 14 years now. The violin has been missing for more than 25
years Somewhere a musician is playing a late 20th century violin with an excellent tone. The
owner today may never understand why this ordinary -looking violin sounds so much like a
Stradivarius
47. The author mentions his father's developing color prints to．
A. show that his father's real interest was not in making violins
B. prove that his father could do anything he wanted to
C. give an example proving that his father was an inventor
D. describe the real thing that made the author believe his father
48. What did the author's father think about Stradivarius violins?
A. The varnish was different from the others. B. The way of making them was special.
C. The wood of the violins was special. D. They could only be analyzed by chemists
49. How long did the author's father live after the violin was stolen? About years
A. 11 B. 14 C. 25 D. 80
50. After the robbery, his father's reflection shows he
A. liked the violin very much B. lost interest in instruments
C. didn't want to become famous D. didn't trust people any more after that
【参考答案】46、D 47—50、BCAA

Passage 4
Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated luminescence dating that a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous .
The importance of Australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern Australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data of Miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna.
Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australias inland plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of humancaused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting.
A new school of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. It advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the worlds megafauna. The new Genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the humancaused extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.
66. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most probably means
A birds. B plants.
C big animals. D small animals.
67. Genyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was
A a delicacy. B very weak.
C very small in size. D clumsy.
68. How many models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris?
A One. B Two.
C Three. D Four.
69. That Australia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming suggests that
A the climatic conditions were unfit for Genyornis to live.
B Genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions.
C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis.
D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.
70. The selection is mainly about
A the debate over the time of the human presence in Australia.
B the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction.
C the relationship between human activities and climatic changes.
D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.
Passage 4
66. 【正确答案】 ［C big animals.
【本题考点】 词语释义题。
【试题精解】 考生假如有确定的构词法学问一眼就可看出该题的答案。 “mega在英文中指 “big”；fauna指 “animals” ，明显［C 为正确答案。考生假如没有这方面的学问，也可以利用上下文来推断。作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开头对其进行了描述： “Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.” 足见其大。
【考点出处】 其次段末句，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。
67. 【正确答案】 ［D clumsy.
本题考点】 细节推断题。
【试题精解】 第三段中指出 “it is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting” “such characteristics” 指的是其 “heavy, short and thick”, 即 “clumsy”。
【考点出处】 依据第三段其次句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，［D 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意全都。
68. 【正确答案】 ［C Three.
【本题考点】 细节推断题。
【试题精解】 文中共提到了三种：（1Human hunting;（2）Climate;（3）Human impact and climate change。
【考点出处】 其次、三、四段中。
69. 【正确答案】 ［D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.
【本题考点】 推理示意题。
【试题精解】 澳大利亚经受了 “mild cooling”, 美洲经受了 “rapid warming”, 而两个地方都毁灭了Genyornis的灭亡，说明气候对其灭亡并未产生什么影响。在文中最终一段作者也指出 “the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.”
【考点出处】 其次段和第四段。
70. 【正确答案】 ［D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.
【本题考点】 主旨大意题。
【试题精解】 本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种缘由，所以［D 为正确答案。
【考点出处】 考察对全文的理解力气，实际上从第三题的做答中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。

■核心词汇
1.chronologyn.年月学
2.luminescencen.发光
3.erroneousa.错误的 ［同义 false, incorrect, inexact
4.megafaunan.巨型动物
5.fluctuationn.变化 ［同义 oscillation, rolling
6.ponderousa.笨重的 ［同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky
7.cassowaryn.食火鸡
■全文精译
澳洲古代巨鸟灭亡探因
要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年月表同样也是困难的。并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年月的方法进展起来后，人们才确定53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，现在已证明更久远的年月是错误的。
之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭亡理论的自然试验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类到达这儿的年月要远远先于到达经受过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆（如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部）的年月。Miller等人向我们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭亡，这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。这也是气候温