2021届高考英语二轮复习提能专训-语法11-专题十一-名词性从句-Word版含解析.docx

提能专训(十一)　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(名词性从句)
1．(2022·山东潍坊高三联考)It is our responsibility, so ________ I don't want now is to push it to the students.
答案：what　解析：考查主语从句。此处引导主语从句，由于引导词在从句中作want的宾语，表示“……的事情”，所以用what引导该从句。留意：that引导主语从句时不充当句子成分。
2．Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal ________ someone is lying.
答案：that　解析：考查同位语从句。句意：争辩表明声音的提高是一个人在撒谎的标志。分析句子结构可知，空格后的句子意思完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that引导同位语从句，该从句用于解释说明signal的内容。
3．The small mountain village ________ we spent our holiday last month lies in ________ is now part of Hubei.
答案：where; what　解析：考查定语从句和宾语从句。“________ we spent our holiday last month”是定语从句，修饰先行词The small mountain village，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故第一空用where; “________ is now part of Hubei”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用what。
4．(2022·辽宁瓦房店高三二模)His family members gave some examples of ________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family.
答案：how　解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，“________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family”是宾语从句，引导从句的连接词表示方式，故用how。
5．(2022·湖南岳阳高三质量检测)It has been proved ________ several new kinds of medicine ________ a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.
答案：that; have　解析：考查主语从句和主谓全都。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句“________ several new kinds ... the cure of H7N9”，该主语从句的引导词仅起连接作用，无任何意义，故第一空用that，从句中several new kinds of medicine作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
6．It is no use doing ________ you like; you have got to like ________ you do.
答案：what; what　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：干你宠爱的事是没有用的；你得宠爱你所干的事。第一空引导宾语从句且在从句中作like的宾语，表示“……的事情”，故用what；其次空引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，表示“……的事情”，故也用what。
7．He jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see ________ the parcel was for.
答案：who　解析：考查宾语从句。句意：他从床上跳下来，跑到门口去看这个包裹是给谁的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句作see的宾语，且空处在从句中作介词for的宾语。
8．(2022·北京海淀区高三期末)You can complain, but I doubt ________ it will make any difference.
答案：whether　解析：考查宾语从句。句意：你可以发牢骚，但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。从句意和句子成分看，这里用whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”。
9．(2022·合肥高三质量检测)The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
答案：whoever　解析：考查宾语从句。句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参与他们婚礼的人发一些礼物以共享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“________ attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，再结合句意可知应用whoever。
10．Helen has just heard the news from her father ______ her boyfriend David will come back soon.
答案：that　解析：考查同位语从句。句意：海伦刚从她的父亲那儿得到消息，她的男伴侣大卫很快就会回来。分析句子结构可知，“________her boyfriend David will come back soon”是同位语从句，且从句意思完整。不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。
11．(2022·成都高中毕业班检测)The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________ humans want peace, not war.
答案：that　解析：考查表语从句句意：《挽救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战斗。此处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that。
12．(2022·浙江名校新高考争辩联盟联考)There is still some doubt ________ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.
答案：whether　解析：考查同位语从句。句意：即使全部的因素都考虑了，系统是否会运行仍有些疑问。whether引导的同位语从句作doubt的同位语，whether表示“是否”。
13．(2022·北京东城区高三检测)John seemed puzzled about ________ the question meant.
答案：what　解析：考查宾语从句。句意：John好像对这个问题意味着什么感到很迷惑。依据句子的结构推断，about后接的是宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，再结合句意可知，要用what。
14．The teacher won't explain ________ it is that makes his students so fascinated by his lessons.
答案：what　解析：考查宾语从句。“________ it is that makes...by his lessons”为宾语从句，另外，从句使用了强调句型，强调主语what。
15．It is announced that big prizes will go to ________ finishes the assignment on time.
答案：whoever　解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，“________ finishes the assignment on time”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语；再结合“大奖将颁给任何一个按时完成任务的人”可知，此处应用whoever。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(科普争辩类＋时事新闻类＋谈论说明类)
A
(2021届高三大联考二)
(Reuters)－Australian scientists are attaching tiny sensors to thousands of honey bees to track their movements in a trial aimed at stopping the spread of diseases that have wiped out populations in the northern hemisphere.
Scientists at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO), Australia's national science agency, said the chips could help follow so­called colony collapse disorder, a situation where bees mysteriously disappear from hives, and the invasion of other harmful insects.
Scientists will use a small tool to glue on the sensors, weighing about 5 milligrams and measuring 2.5 millimeters square, after leaving the bees to sleep by refrigeration. Some young bees, which tend to be hairier than older bees, need to be shaved before the sensor can be glued on. Scientists will examine the effectiveness of pesticides(害虫) in protecting the bees from colony collapse disorder.
The study will also enable farmers and fruit growers to understand and manage their crops, given the honey bee's important role in the pollination(授粉) of crops globally, the CSIRO said in a statement issued on Wednesday.
“Honey bees play a vital role in the landscape through a free pollination service for agriculture, which various crops rely on to increase yields，” the CSIRO's Paulo de Souza, who is leading the project, said in the statement, “Using this technology, we aim to understand the bee's relationship with its environment.”
Scientists plan to fit sensors on 5,000 bees in the southern island state of Tasmania over the Australian summer. The radio frequency identification sensors work like an electronic tag for cars on a toll road, recording when insects pass a checkpoint. That will allow scientists to build a three­dimensional(三维) image of the insects' movements, a process described as “swarm sensing”．
The scientists are working on shrinking the sensor to 1 mm square so they can be attached to smaller insects, including mosquitoes.
1．Why did the Australian scientists track the honey bees?
A. To attach tiny sensors to the small bodies.
B. To make experiments on these such bees.
C. To find what has caused the death of bees.
D. To spread some kind of disease to insects.
2．Some bees disappear from their hives ________.
A. due to the colony collapse disorder
B. because of being infected of illness
C. due to chips glued to their bodies
D. because of the terrible environment
3．Which is the benefit of the study?
A. To increase the bee population.
B. To help the farmers against disasters.
C. To improve our living conditions.
D. To stop any harmful insects invading.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A. All the insects' movements disturb the life of bees.
B. Fewer and fewer honey bees are living in Australia.
C. Australian scientists track bees to stop diseases.
D. Advanced technology is used on honey bees.
答案：
1．C　解析：目的意图题。依据文章第一段的aimed at stopping the spread of diseases...可知，科学家的目的是阻挡影响蜜蜂群体的某种疾病的传播。故选C项。
2．B　解析：细节理解题依据文章第一段可知，科学家争辩的目的是找出影响蜜蜂的疾病，其次段的the invasion of other harmful insects表明，由害虫入侵带来的某种疾病，导致蜜蜂突然失踪。故选B项。
3．A　解析：细节推断题。依据文章第一段的．..that have wiped out populations in the northern hemisphere可知，某种疾病导致蜜蜂数量下降，因此争辩的结果有助于提高蜜蜂的数量。故选A项。
4．C　解析：主旨大意题。文章叙述了澳大利亚科学家用芯片跟踪蜜蜂进行的争辩，其目的是找出影响蜜蜂群体的疾病。故选C项。
B
Researchers have discovered a previously undocumented species of all－female lizard (蜥蜴) that can reproduce itself by cloning.
Leiolepis ngovantrii is a small lizard found only in the Mekong River delta in south Vietnam.
The species was discovered by a Vietnamese scientist who came across tanks full of them at small restaurants in villages in Ba Ria－Vung Tau Province.
The scientist, Ngo Van Tri of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, became intrigued when he noticed that all of the lizards appeared to be female.
He contacted an American colleague about what he had seen who came out to assess the findings.
Dr Lee Grismer, a professor at La Sierra University in Riverside, California, and his son, Jesse Grismer, a doctoral candidate, flew to Hanoi and travelled to a little restaurant two－day's trip away where the owner had promised to set aside some of the lizards to be studied.
However, by the time Dr Grismer and his son arrived, they found that the owner had cooked all the lizards to serve up to customers and there were none left.
Determined not to abandon their study the men hired some children to track down and catch as many lizards as they could find.
With around 60 lizards caught and identified, the scientists discovered that they had a previously undocumented species.
“It's an entirely new lineage (血统) of life that was being eaten and sold in restaurants for food, ”says Grismer. “But it's something that scientists have missed for hundreds of years.”
After DNA sampling carried out on the tiny lizards the men made another surprising discovery: all of the lizards were female, and were clones of their mothers.
Grismer says that the lizards they discovered are likely to be a hybrid mix of two similar lizard species in the area. He adds that tapping into local knowledge has led to many new discoveries.
It's not that (a species) is not known ... locals know all about them. It's just that they're not known to scientists.
5. Leiolepis ngovantrii is a kind of lizard that ________.
A. can clone itself
B. was documented before
C. is expensive in restaurants
D. can be found in north Vietnam
6. The underlined word “intrigued” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. relaxed B. nervous
C. interested D. disappointed
7. When Grismer and his son reached the restaurant, they found that ________.
A. the lizards were well kept
B. the owner broke his word
C. the customers didn't like the lizards
D. the lizards were taken away by some children
8. What is Grismer's attitude towards the discovery?
A. Hopeful. B. Satisfied.
C. Doubtful. D. Surprised.
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了可以自我克隆的蜥蜴。
5. A　解析：细节理解题。依据第一段中的that can reproduce itself by cloning可知。
6. C　解析：词义猜想题。依据第四段中的all of the lizards appeared to be female及上下文内容可知，Ngo Van Tri很古怪   ，故选C项。
7. B　解析：推理推断题。依据第六段中的the owner had promised to set aside some of the lizards to be studied及第七段中的the owner had cooked all the lizards to serve up to customers and there were none left可知，店主不信守诺言。
8. D　解析：细节理解题。依据倒数第三段中的made another surprising discovery可知。
C
(2022·广东深圳高三其次次调研)
Leading experts on the Internet, technology and policy have shared the same opinion on what we can expect in the next decade when it comes to connectivity and its effects on society.
The Pew Research report asked thousands of experts and members of the public for opinions on “the most significant overall influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity”—and some had a rosier outlook than others.
“The smartest person in the world nowadays could well be stuck behind a plough in India or China，” said Hal, Google's chief economist. “Enabling that person—and the millions like him or her—will have a strong effect on the development of the human race.”
Early Internet pioneer David Hughes agreed: “When every person on this planet can communicate two­way with every other person on this planet, the power of nationstates to control every human inside its geographic boundaries may start to disappear.”
Wearables (electronic equipment that people can wear) could monitor more than just steps, predicted UC Berkeley's Aron Roberts—or do more than just monitor: “We may literally be able to adjust both medications and lifestyle changes on a day­by­day basis or even an hour­by­hour basis.”
Microsoft Research's Jonathan Grudin is more pessimistic (悲观): “By making so much activity visible, it exposes the gap between the way people behave and the way we think they ought to behave. Adjusting to this will be an unending, difficult task.”
And the difference between the rich and the poor will have a new aspect：“Only the well­off (and well­educated) will know how to preserve their privacy，” warned one expert.
“Will the Internet make it possible for our entire civilization to fall down together, in one big awful step? Possibly.” admitted Harvard's Doctor Searls. “But the Internet has already made it possible for us to use one of our unique advantages—the ability to share knowledge—to a degree higher than ever before.”
9. As for the influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity, some of the experts are ________.
A．realistic
B．optimistic
C．doubtful
D．careful
10. According to Hal, in the future, those who will influence the development of human race are ________.
A．Google's economists
B．Chinese and Indians
C．the educated persons
D．world leading experts
11. People will be able to change their lifestyles at any time according to ________.
A．the development of communication skills
B．the suggestions made by computer experts
C．the prediction made by the home computers
D．the data recorded by the computers worn on body
12. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to ________.
A．the visible activities mentioned above
B．the way we thought they ought to behave
C．the way people really behave in life
D．the rule people ought to obey in life
13. Which of the following can best express the meaning of the last paragraph?
A．Advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.
B．Development of the Internet and human beings.
C．Knowledge and civilization of human beings.
D．Possibilities of the Internet for the future users.
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。互联网专家们认为在将来十年因特网将对人类社会产生深远的影响，其中印度人和中国人将通过因特网影响人类的进展，这种影响有不利的一面，也有乐观的一面。
9．B　解析：观点态度题。难度中等。依据其次段“...opinions on‘the most significant overall influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity'—and some had a rosier outlook than others.”可知，专家们对因特网对人类影响的态度是乐观的。故B项正确。
10．B　解析：细节理解题。难度中等。依据第三段“‘The smartest person in the world...in India or China...and the millions like him or her—will have a strong effect on the development of the human race.'”可知，Hal认为中国人和印度人将对人类的进展有极大的影响。故B项正确。
11．D　解析：推理推断题。难度中等。依据第五段“Wearables...could monitor more than just steps...adjust both medications and lifestyle changes on a day­by­day basis...”可推知，人们可以通过穿在身上的记录了数据的电脑设备转变自己的生活方式。故D项正确。
12．C　解析：指代推断题。难度中等。依据上句中的“it exposes the gap between the way people behave and the way we think they ought to behave”以及本句内容可知，this代指上句中的“the way people behave”。故C项正确。
13．A　解析：段落大意题。难度中等。依据该段第一句中“Will the Internet make it possible for our entire civilization to fall down together，in one big awful step？”可知，因特网有可能使我们的文明倒退；依据该段其次句“But the Internet has already made it possible for us to use one of our unique advantages—the ability to share knowledge—to a degree higher than ever before.”可知，因特网使我们共享学问成为可能。故A项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This myth holds __1__ certain appeal because if it __2__ true, then we could instantly become ten times __3__(intelligent) just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain!
The idea that we use only a small fraction of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists __4__(stimulate) a specific part of the brain, the animal moved __5__ leg or tail. And some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless.
Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain regions of the brain had no physical effects ，which are __6__ the “silent cortex”. Today we know that much of the “silent cortex” is actually devoted to complex activities like language learning and imagining.
Actually, __7__ we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity? __8__(interest) enough, the opposit