2020-2021学年高二英语(人教版必修8)单元过关检测(一)-Word版含答案.docx

单元过关检测(一)(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)第卷第一部分阅读理解共两节，满分60分第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AMickey Mouse wants to help kids kick the junk food habit. The Walt Disney Company announced that it plans to advertise only healthier food to kids.By 2021, all food and drink products that are advertised on its TV channels, radio stations and websites will have to meet the companys nutrition standard for limiting calories and reducing fat, sodium and sugar. Many foods, such as fruit drinks, candy and snack cakes, wont meet the standard.First Lady Michelle Obama called it a “game changer”“Disney is doing what no major media company has ever done before in the USand what I hope every company will do in the future.”“This is a landmark(里程碑), because a major media company is taking responsibility for what food they advertise to children，”says Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy for the Center for Science in the Public Interest.“This should be a real wakeup call to Nickelodeon (an American childrens channel) and the Cartoon Network to do the same.”But the company will still be able to advertise “betterforyou versions(种类) of products that are not perfectly nutritious.”Under the new standards, breakfast cereals that are advertised will have to contain fewer than 10 grams of sugar in a serving，Wootan says. “Thats a good step forward，but its not perfectly nutritious.”Jon Leibowitz，chairman of the Federal Trade Commission，says Disney is making this move “at perhaps some risk of affecting their incomes, so thats why we should praise them.”“Food marketing is really important because it shapes the way kids are fed，” Wootan says. “If we dont deal with food marketing to kids, we dont have any chance of addressing childhood obesity.”Currently，a third of children are overweight, putting them at a greater risk for serious health problems.At its theme parks, Disney began offering healthier kids meals serving carrots and other vegetables, fruit, lowfat milk and yogurt at meals, instead of fries and soft drinks.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲了迪士尼将不再为垃圾食品做广告以及社会各界对此的反应。1The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to _Athe wakeup callBthe Walt Disney CompanyCthe habit of eating junk foodDthe nutrition standard in the US解析：选B。代词指代题。文章前两段简要介绍了迪士尼公司新的食品广告养分标准，这里米歇尔评价迪士尼是“规章转变者”，所以it指代的应当是迪士尼公司，B项正确。2What does Margo Wootan think of Disneys new move?AHe thinks it is a risk.BHe thinks very highly of it.CHe thinks it will get wide support.DHe thinks it will affect their incomes.解析：选B。细节理解题。依据第四段中Margo Wootan的话“This is a landmark(里程碑)，because a major media company is taking responsibility for what food they advertise to children”可知，Margo Wootan高度评价迪士尼的新举措，所以应选B项。3.What is the main idea of the text?ADisney calls for a ban on junk food.BDisney aims to help kids lose weight.CDisney is to serve healthier food for kids.DDisney is to quit taking ads for junk food aimed at kids.解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章主要讲了迪士尼将拒绝垃圾食品广告，挂念改善儿童饮食结构，以及社会各界对此的反应，D项概括精确。BChinas second female astronaut to enter space delivered a lecture to more than 60 million students across the country on Thursday, while aboard the Tiangong1 space module 340 kilometers above the Earths surface, in the first attempt at this kind of lecture by a Chinese astronaut.Wang Yaping, one of the three crew members in the ShenzhouX class spacecraft，delivered the lecture through a 40minute live video broadcast, nine days after the successful spacecraft launch.Assisted by the other two astronauts Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang, Wang showed students how movement occurs in a zerogravity environment through a series of physics experiments to help students understand basic physics concepts.Observers say the creative lecture is not only good for science and patriotic education of the younger generation but also shows national confidence in Chinas maturing space technologies.Via the video feed system, the three astronauts interacted with some 300 curious students in Beijing on Thursday after the lecture, who raised questions about their daily life in the space module.“Im extremely excited to see the magical effects of the experiments. I feel like Im close to space while watching the live broadcast，” a primary school student in Beijing told the Global Times after the lecture.The lecture became one of the most popular topics on Weibo Thursday, with some Web users saying this visually impressive method of education has made them interested in space science.The lecture also drew international attention. After the lecture, Wang replied to a letter of greeting from Barbara Morgan, a female US astronaut who participated in a space teaching program in 2007. “We would like to join the effort, as you have done, to bring scienceloving youth around the world closer to their dreams of exploring the universe，” Wang said in the reply，Xinhua reported.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了王亚平的空中授课以及它的影响。4Which of the following is WRONG about Wang Yaping?AShe was an astronaut in the ShenzhouX class spacecraft.BShe was Chinas second astronaut to enter space.CShe delivered a lecture in the ShenzhouX class spacecraft.DShe was the first Chinese to give a speech in space.解析：选B。细节理解题。依据文章内容可知，王亚平是中国其次位进入太空的女宇航员，她在“神舟”十号飞船上进行了授课演讲。由此可知B项错误。5We can infer from the passage Wang Yaping did the experiments _Aon her ownBin an environment without gravityConly to amuse the studentsDonly to show Chinas maturing space technologies解析：选B。细节理解题。依据第三段和第四段的内容可知，王亚平是在零重力状态下做这些试验，并且是在聂海胜和张晓光的挂念下完成的。这些试验可以挂念同学了解物理概念并且显示中国对太空技术的自信。由此可知选B。6According to the passage, we know Barbara Morgan _Ais a woman astronaut from AmericaBonce taught Wang Yaping how to deliver a speech in spaceCwas the first woman in US to be sent in spaceDonce trained with Wang Yaping解析：选A。细节理解题。依据最终一段的Barbara Morgan，a female US astronaut who participated in a space teaching program in 2007.可知A项正确。7Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe ShenzhouX class spacecraft.BWang Yapings space class.CThe international influence of Chinas space exploration.DChinas outstanding astronauts.解析：选B。主旨大意题。本文主要讲了王亚平的空中授课以及它的影响，故选B。CElectric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasolinepowered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zeroemissions(排放) vehicles”， but people in California seem to be_clueless_about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发电机)Generators are fueled by somethingusually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地热)plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words，those “zeroemissions” cars are likely coalburning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true.Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“If I cant see it，its not happening. ”Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle；a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy，mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator，through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far, so electric cars burn more fuel than gasolinepowered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political，technical，and economic reasons, we dont use much of those energy sources.In addition, electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When its a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated，but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.【语篇解读】很多人都认为电动汽车是格外环保的，加州人甚至普遍认为电动汽车是“零排放汽车”。事实的确如此吗？让我们读一读文章，从中查找答案吧。8Whats the main idea of the passage?AElectric cars arent actually clean.BElectric cars are zeroemissions vehicles.CZeroemissions vehicles are popular.DGasolinepowered cars are more efficient.解析：选A。主旨大意题。文章的首段就点明白主题，即电动汽车并非清洁、无污染，由于电能的产生很多时候也要消耗大量的能源，造成格外严峻的污染，故答案为A项。9Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2?ABe familiar with.BBe curious about.CFail to understand. DShow their interest in.解析：选C。词义猜想题。联系其次段内容可知，加州人之所以认为电动汽车是零排放的环保车，主要是由于他们没有理解或者忽视了电是从哪儿来的这个事实。故选“fail to understand”，表示“没有理解”。10The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run _Aat least 25 miles Bmore than 25 milesCas far as 25 miles Dless than 25 miles解析：选D。细节理解题。依据第四段中的“A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far”可知答案为D项。11It can be inferred from the passage that _Aelectric cars batteries are poisonous for a long timeBnow electric cars are used more than their gasolinepowered cousinsCzeroemissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentDelectric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something解析：选D。推理推断题。依据其次段的最终一句和第四段的第三句可知，猎取电能假如是靠太阳能、地热或者风力等方式发电的话，电动汽车算是环保的，但是它们实际上现在主要还是靠烧煤、油等来发电，所以靠烧煤、油等发电的电动汽车并非真正意义上的环保车。DLincolns face is familiar to people all around the world，especially the face when he was wearing a beard. But he didnt wear a beard in his early life. When he acted as a judge and then a lawyer，he had two nicknames. The first was Honest Abe.And there are many stories of his honesty both as a child and as he went on throughout all of his life. His second nickname was Homely Abe. He was not goodlooking. Then something happened in 1860. That year Abe Lincoln was the candidate(候选人) for President of the United States.Just a few weeks before the presidential election, Lincoln received a short letter from a girl who lived in New York State.Her name was Grace Bedell. Grace wrote to Lincoln about his homely face，but in a polite way. It was a very interesting letter.Here are some parts of it：I am a little girl only 11 years old, but I want you should be the President of the United States very much so I hope you wont think me very bold(鲁莽的) to write to such a great man as you are.I have got four brothers and part of them will vote for you anyway，and if you let your beard grow，I will try to get the rest of them to vote for you. You would look a great deal better for your face is so thin. All the ladies like beard and they would ask their husbands to vote for you, and then you would be President.Lincoln took Grace Bedells advice，and over the next two weeks he did not shave. By election day on November 6th of 1860, he already had enough beard. And he did get elected.Maybe his new beard had something to do with that. And he did wear the beard for the rest of his life.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了一个小女孩给林肯写信让他留胡子，而林肯竟接受了小女孩的意见，最终也赢得竞选的故事。12Which of the following can be the best title of this text?ALincoln and His BeardBLincoln and a Little GirlCA Little Girl and Her AdviceDLincoln and the Presidential Election解析：选A。标题推断题。全文主要讲的是林肯的轶事，即他胡子的来历，故选A最合适。其余选项均不能全面地概括文章主旨。13What kind of man is Lincoln according to the text?AWarmhearted and ugly.BHonest and ordinarylooking.CStrongwilled and patient.DCharacteristic and badtempered.解析：选B。推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Honest Abe”“And there are. throughout all of his life.”可知，林肯很恳切；依据“Homely Abe”“He was not goodlooking.”及文章叙述的故事可推出，林肯的长相很一般。故选B。14From the letter we can know that the little girl was very _Apolite Bhelpful Coptimistic Dmodest解析：选A。细节理解题。从其次段中的“but in a polite way”及小女孩信的内容可知，她是格外有礼貌的，故应选A。15Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?ALincoln received the second nickname for his honesty.BThe girl wouldnt vote for Lincoln if he didnt grow his beard.CThe girl thought Lincoln was goodlooking with a beard.DLincoln accepted the girls advice after he got elected.解析：选C。细节理解题。A项，honesty是他第一个外号的由来；B项，是对信件内容的曲解，小女孩不是不投林肯的票，是他留胡子后她就帮他拉选票；D项，林肯接受建议是在竞选之前而非在竞选之后。而从文章倒数其次段中的“You would look a great deal better”可知，C项正确。其次节(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。(2022河南南阳一中月考)People often say you never get a second chance to make a first impression，and thats actually quite true. 16._ After all，making a good first impression is all about making others feel good when spending time with them.The following tips will help you make a positive impression every time.Dress appropriately17_ That means dressing up or putting on nice，clean，situationappropriate clothes for social situations.It isnt difficult and it doesnt have to cost you much，either.Be aware of your body languageWords express very little of what you say.Body language can tell someone a lot about your mood and confidence level.18._ Eye contact is an easy way to make others feel comfortable，important and special.Nervous body language can make others uncomfortable and anxious.Try to be aware of your body language when communicating with others.Respect the opinions of othersNot everyone will have the same opinion with you，and friendly disagreements can be a gateway to a great conversation.Respect other peoples right to have their own opinion.Respect the opinions of others even if you disagree with them.19._ 20._People love talking about themselves，but generally，you want to be careful of taking over the conversation.By listening carefully to what others are saying，you are not only making them feel important，but you can gather cues you need to keep the conversation going and bridge to new topics.ABe a careful listenerBShow an interest in every person you meet.CSmile especially when first meeting someone.DMake sure you look nice whenever you meet someone new.EMeeting new people and starting conversations is often challenging.FOthers will want to be with you and help you make a good impression.GDont force others to believe what you believe or to see things only as you see them.答案：1620.EDCGA其次部分英语学问运用共两节，满分55分第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When I first came to the USA，I made friends with a neighbor who used to live only two blocks away from my street.We used to visit each other and go out together sometimes.This friend taught me a lot about American _21_，but in some cases I had to learn the _22_ way，because we didnt have e