2021高考英语一轮课外精炼题(15)答案-(通用版).docx

2021高考英语一轮课外精炼题（15）答案 （通用版）

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
　　Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling　　　.
A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
C. was once badly treated in Washington High School
D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最终一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。
2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?
A. The“behavior”of molecules.
B. Physical chemistry.
C. Biological chemistry.
D. The human body.
【解析】选B。推理推断题。从其次段其次句话“His interest in the‘behavior’of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的爱好发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。
3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling　　　.
A. had to stop his research because of the war
B. made great contributions to the safety of the country
C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country
D. took part in researching nuclear bombs
【解析】选B。细节理解题。依据第三段第一句话“During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为B选项。
4. The main idea of the passage is to show　　　.
A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应当选择B选项。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
　　This is a story that can teach us a good lesson. One day, a man in rags begged from door to door along the street. With an old wallet in his hand, he was asking for a few coins to buy something to eat. He kept complaining about his bad fortune and kept　1　why those who had so much money were never　2　and were always desiring more.
“As far as I’m concerned, if I had only enough to　3　and to wear, I would not want anything more. ”
Just at that moment Goddess Fortune, who came down the　4　saw the beggar and said to him, “Hi, I have wished to　5　you for a long time. Now, open your　6　and I will pour my gold into it. But I will do that only on this　7　: All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the　8　shall become dust. Do you understand? ”
“I see. ”said the beggar.
“Then you should　9　! It’s obvious that your wallet is a(n)　10　one, so don’t load it too heavily, ”said the Goddess Fortune.
The excited beggar could hardly　11　to have gold. He quickly opened his wallet, and a　12　of yellow coins was poured into it. The wallet grew heavier and heavier.
“Is that enough? Isn’t it cracking? ”asked the Goddess Fortune.
“Never　13　. It’s still strong enough now. ”answered the beggar.
The wallet was filled with so many coins that the beggar’s hands began to　14　. “Ah, if only the golden stream would　15　forever! Just a little more, ”said the beggar, “　16　just a handful or two. ”
“There! It’s full. The wallet will　17　. ”warned the Goddess Fortune, but the beggar requested, “It will　18　a little more, just a little more. ”
One more piece was added and the wallet split. The　19　fell upon the ground and became dust. The greedy beggar had now　20　but his broken wallet.
【文章大意】一个沿街乞讨的乞丐遇到了财宝女神, 财宝女神给了乞丐很多金币, 同时告诫乞丐, 金币掉到地上则化为尘土。贪欲的乞丐不听劝告, 导致金币撑破钱包化为尘土, 乞丐又变得一无全部。故事告诫人们面对金钱不要贪得无厌。
1. A. showing　 B. explaining　 C. proving　 D. wondering
【解析】选D。规律推理题。依据第一段最终一句, 为什么那些人如此有钱却从不满足, 还想得到更多。可知乞丐对此百思不得其解, “keep wondering”(始终想知道)符合句意。
2. A. relaxed B. satisfied C. worried D. depressed
【解析】选B。规律推理题。还想得到更多, 所以不满足, B项符合句意。
3. A. learn B. watch C. eat D. play
【解析】选C。背景常识题。由常识可知, 乞丐最重要的是要解决吃和穿的问题。eat(吃)对应下面提到的“穿”, 符合语境。
4. A. street B. bridge C. yard D. forest
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。依据第一段, 乞丐在沿街乞讨, 所以财宝女神降落到大街上才能看到乞丐。street(街道)符合语境。
5. A. praise B. forgive C. help D. comfort
【解析】选C。规律推理题。依据下文, “打开你的钱包, 我要给你一些金子”, 可知财宝女神想挂念乞丐。所以选help(挂念)。
6. A. coat B. pocket C. box D. wallet
【解析】选D。词汇复现题。依据下文“All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold(全部进入你钱包的都是纯金)”可知乞丐打开的是一个钱包, 所以选wallet。前文也有提示
7. A. occasion B. suggestion C. situation D. condition
【解析】选D。规律推理题。只有在这种条件下, “我”才会去做。“All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the　　　shall become dust”解释上文提到的这种条件。condition“条件、状况”, 符合句意。
8. A. hand B. feet C. ground D. street
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。句意 每一枚掉到地上的金币都会变成尘土。ground(地面)一词在最终一段中毁灭。
9. A. look out B. look after C. look up D. look down
【解析】选A。短语辨析题。依据下文财宝女神告诫乞丐不要装得太多, 提示乞丐留意、当心。所以选look out。look after照看; look up仰视, 向上看; look down俯视。
10. A. small B. empty C. worn D. full
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。第一段中“With an old wallet in his hand”表明这是一个旧钱包, 所以选worn, 意思是: 用旧的。
11. A. stand B. wait C. breathe D. think
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。could hardly wait to do sth. 意为: 迫不及待做某事。句意: 感动的乞丐早已迫不及待地想拿到金子。
12. A. stream B. piece C. pair D. variety
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。依据倒数第三段中提到“golden stream”可知答案。
13. A. stop B. request C. fear D. insist
【解析】选C。规律推理题。通过乞丐告知财宝女神钱包现在还很坚固, 可知不要为钱包担忧。Never fear. 不要可怕。
14. A. spread B. close C. loose D. shake
【解析】选D。规律推理题。句意: 钱包装了如此多的金币, 乞丐的手开头颤抖。shake(颤抖), 符合语境。spread伸展; close关闭; loose放松, 均不符合语境。
15. A. pour B. end C. dry D. melt
【解析】选A。规律推理题。乞丐期望金子源源不断地流出, 四个选项中只有pour(流出)能形象地描绘出乞丐的贪欲。
16. A. take B. add C. lend D. send
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。最终一段的第一句话有原词复现: One more piece was added and the wallet split。
17. A. flow B. burst C. disappear D. change
【解析】选B。规律推理题。钱包已经装满了, 而且是一个旧钱包, 连续装可能会裂开。所以选burst“裂开”。下文中的“split”为同义词复现。
18. A. attract B. permit C. include D. hold
【解析】选D。词义辨析题。贪欲的乞丐认为钱包还能多装一点。hold“容纳”, 符合语境。
19. A. present B. food C. treasure D. metal
【解析】选C。背景常识题。treasure(财宝)这里指代金币。钱包裂开后金币自然会掉到地上。present礼物; food食物; metal金属, 均不符合句意。
20. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
【解析】选A。规律推理题。句意: 现在贪欲的乞丐除了裂开的钱包一无全部了。nothing什么也没有。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　I was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance, were a sure path　1　success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school maths exam is one example. The exam, 　2　was originally to be held in our classroom, 　3　(change)to the library at the last minute. This, 　4　, didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax　5　. But my mood changed quickly when I saw the first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay　6　(positive)and persevered　7　I finally found the solution. With the problem　8　(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 　9　(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left　10　(complete)the rest.
【文章大意】我始终被告知急躁、乐观思考和毅力是通向成功的道路。但事情有时并非如此, 我的一次数学考试, 就在我的过分坚持下失利了。
1. 【解析】to。考查介词。path后接to意为“通向……的道路”。
2. 【解析】which。考查关系代词。which引导的是定语从句, 修饰exam, 且在从句中作主语。
3. 【解析】was changed。考查语态。change和the exam之间是被动关系, 且是发生在过去的动作, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。
4. 【解析】however。考查副词。上下文之间是转折关系, 其前后又有逗号隔开, 应用however。
5. 【解析】myself。考查反身代词。主语是I, 其反身代词应用myself。
6. 【解析】positive。考查形容词。stay是系动词, 其后应跟形容词作表语。
7. 【解析】until/till。考查连词。句意: 我努力保持乐观并坚持着直到我最终找到了答案。until/till直到, 引导时间状语从句。
8. 【解析】solved。考查with复合结构。solve和problem之间是被动关系, 且是已完成的动作, 应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
9. 【解析】Unfortunately。考查副词。修饰整个句子, 应用副词; 由句意“然后, 我发觉我只剩下格外钟的时间完成剩下的题目”可知, 应是: 不幸的是。
10. 【解析】to complete。考查不定式。complete这一动作发生在将来, 应用不定式表将来。
【语篇随练】多练一点　技高一筹
Ⅰ. 依据完形填空内容, 写出下面单词或短语的含义
1. in rags　　　　　　　　　　 ___________
2. fortunen. ___________
3. depressedadj. ___________
4. loadvt. ___________
答案: 1.衣衫褴褛
2. 财宝; 命运
3. 懊丧的, 意志消沉的
4. 装填; 承载
Ⅱ. 依据阅读理解, 翻译句子
Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 在他的努力下, 《禁止核试验协定》于1963年10月10日生效, 该协定宣布: 全部核试验都要在地下进行, 否则就是非法的。就在同一天Linus Pauling获得了诺贝尔和平奖。
Ⅲ. 用30个词左右概括阅读理解大意
_____________________________________________________________________________________
答案: This passage is mainly about Linus Pauling’s achievements through his life and his great contributions to the world. He is the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes.