2021高考英语福州市(三月)阅读、短文改错自练(10)答案.docx

2021高考英语福州市（三月）阅读、短文改错自练（10）答案

阅读理解。
Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.
( ) 1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
( ) 2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.
A. affect B. change C. disturb D. reject
( ) 3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .
A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
( ) 4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .
A. have a strong desire to reduce costs
B. use the same logo in their marketing
C. gain advantages by taking early action
D. attract more shoppers by storing goods
【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。现在顾客购物已经开头考虑环保的问题。面临顾客环保的心理需求，企业只有主动实行措施，削减排放，才会更好地赢得顾客的信任，进而获得更好的收益
1、答案 D。
【解析】主旨大意题。依据第一段最终一句“However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns”及最终一段第一句可知，企业因购买者的环保意识而去减排。故选D项。K^S*5U.C
2、答案 A。
【解析】词义猜想题。由本段中“while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy”可知，现在三分之二的顾客在购物时对环境的考虑比一年前程度加深了。因此A项符合句子意思
3、答案 A。
解析】推理推断题。依据第四段最终一句“cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand”可以推断出：商业会受益于减排。因此A项符合文章。
4、答案 C。
【解析】推理推断题。依据第五段最终一句“This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers”可知，早实行行动减排的企业可以更好地吸引顾客。因此可以推断出C项。

阅读理解
【2022·德州模拟】
Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.Fighting，however，is not often the best choice，since it uses up a large amount of energy，and can result in injury or even death.Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.The songs of birds，the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances，advertising to possible invaders that someone else’s territory is being approached.Many animals rely on smells to mark their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.Other animals will be warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territory’s defender.
Sometimes，these warnings may be ignored，and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory，or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.When the two animals meet，they will generally threaten each other with visual (视觉的) displays.These displays will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up feathers or fur，or will show off the animal’s weapons.The animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.The displays are generally performed best near the center of an animal’s territory，where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.
Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.Serious injury can result，and old or sick animals may die，leading to a more balanced population size.Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.The study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.
1．What topic is the passage mainly involved in?
A．What animals’ territory is usually like.
B．How animals deal with different threats.
C．How animals defend their territory.
D．Where animal fights take place frequently.
2．For most animals，what’s their first response to the possible invaders to defend their territory?
A．Fighting in groups.
B．Threatening and warning.
C．Escaping before being hurt.
D．Asking partners for help.
3．What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in the second paragraph mean?
A．enlarge 　 B．change
C．shake 　 D．shrink
4．An actual fight will happen when________.
A．animals meet near the border of their territories
B．the invader enters the defender’s territories
C．the defender notices the invader smaller than itself
D．the living resources are limited in the territory
5．The last paragraph tells us that territoriality has an influence on the________of the animals.
A．communication 　 B．condition
C．population 　 D．migration

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就动物如何疼惜自己的领地进行了介绍。
1．解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要就“动物如何疼惜自己的领地”进行了介绍。
答案：　C
2．解析：　细节理解题。依据第一段第三句“Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.”可知，答案选B。
答案：　B
3．解析：　词义猜想题。依据其次段其次、三句可知，当某种动物发觉有其他的动物侵入自己的领地时，会通过视觉上的呈现来恐吓对方。它们会竖起羽毛或皮毛，以使自己看起来更大、更强壮。因此exaggerate应为“扩大，增大”之意。
答案：　A
4．解析：　细节理解题。依据最终一段第一句“Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.”可知，当过度拥挤导致生存资源匮乏时，就有可能发生打斗。
答案：　D
5．解析：　细节理解题。依据最终一段倒数其次句“Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.”可知，答案选C。
答案：　C。

短文改错
　　What should you do when your parents become1. _______
　　angry? If your parents got mad, try to have a conversation2. _______
　　with them about it . Remembering not to shout 3. _______
　　at them. They usually will try to change, but they will 4. _______
　　take some time because they get angry all their life, and that 5. _______
　　is all they know . You might have to change for your6. ______
　　method a couple of times. Do any nice things for your7. _______
　　parents that they don’t expect—like cooking,
　　doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean 8. _______
　　the floors. If this doesn’t work , bring in friend that you 9. _______
　　feel comfortable, and have him or her help you.10. ______
　　答案及解析
　　1. 此行无错。
　　2. got 改为get。通读全篇， 可知道本文基本时态应为一般现在时。
　　3. Remembering 改为 Remember。本句为祈使句， 表示建议， 主语省略。
　　4. they 改为 it。they 前为转折连词 but， 表明其后为一个句子， 这里应用 it 代表前面整个句子。如： Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should study harder， but it didn’t help。此处的代词 it， 代替“Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should study harder”这一句子的内容。
　　5. life 改为 lives。这是考查名词的数， life 是可数名词单数， 句子主语用的是they， 与其全都应用lives。
　　6. 删去 for。由于 change 作“改换”讲时为及物动词。如： Can you change me one yuan note?你能兑换一元零钱给我吗?而 change for作“转换车到……”解。如： Where should you change for Guilin? 你在什么地方转车到桂林去?
　　7. any 改为 some。any 一般用于疑问句、 否定句、 条件从句中， 而 some 一般用于确定句中。此处为祈使确定式， 故用 some。
　　8. clean 改为 cleaning。应与 cooking， doing， washing 全都， 作介词宾语。
　　9. friend 前加 a。friend 为一般可数名词单数， 其前应加不定冠词 a。
　　10. comfortable 后加 with。comfortable with 意为“与……拘束/快活”。例如：
　　She feels comfortable with those who speaks English。她和讲英语的人谈话觉得很拘束。