2022届高三牛津版英语一轮复习全书讲义-第二部分第七讲情态动词和虚拟语气-.docx

第七讲情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。You mustnt park here！Its an emergency exit.(2)表必要性，意为“必需”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.(3)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.can和could(1)表示“力气”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh，you are really his big fan.(2)表示惊异，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing？(3)表示礼貌地恳求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。This dish is really delicious.Could you please say it in Chinese?Sure，we call it“doufu”.(4)cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.shall(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper?(2)用于其次、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、承诺或威逼。Will you read me a story，Mummy?OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.may和might(1)may和might表示“许可”、“可能性”、“祝愿”等意义。May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you mustnt.You must read it in here.(2)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.will和would(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.(2)will可以表示一种习惯的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.(3)would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we would often go to the cinema together.1(2022高考北京卷)_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. ACanBMustCShallDShould解析：选A。考查情态动词。句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间的。can“能够”，用于含第一人称的问句中(Can/Could I.？)表示恳求和许可；must“必需”；shall用于第一人称的问句中(Shall I/we.)，用于提建议或要求他人作打算的问句中；should“应当”。依据have a word with you可知此处是在恳求对方允许。2(2022高考江苏卷)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.AmightBwouldCshouldDcould解析：选C。考查情态动词。句意：他们自己那么穷，竟然给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。should可以用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，竟然”，带有惊异的语气。故选C项。might可能，或许，可以；would(过去)总是，情愿；could能够，或许。3(2022高考重庆卷)Ive ordered some pizza，so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.AcantBdare notCneedntDmay not解析：选C。考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经要了一些比萨，因此当我们疲乏不堪地到家时，不必担忧做饭的事情。cant“不能”；dare not“不敢”；neednt“不必”；may not“可能不”。依据前一分句Ive ordered some pizza(我已经要了一些比萨)可知已经预备好了吃的东西，所以没有必要(neednt)担忧(cooking)做饭的事情，故C项符合语境。二、情态动词表推想情态动词用法例句mustmust表示推想时只能用于确定句中，意为“确定，必定”，表示格外确定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh，sorry.can(1)can用于确定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；(2)用于疑问句中可以表示推想，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊异的语气；(3)用于否定句中也可以表示推想，cant意为“不行能”，语气很猛烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?(2021高考安徽卷)It couldnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.may/might(1)may/might用于确定句中可以用来表示不格外确定的推想，意为“有可能”；(2)用于否定句中也可以表示推想，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。(2021高考北京卷)You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well，I dont know.It might do.shouldshould用来表示推想时意为“应当”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.1(2022高考江西卷)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest.AshallBmustCneedDmight解析：选D。考查情态动词。句意：生活是不行预料的，甚至最贫困的可能变成最富有的。依据unpredictable(不行预料的)可知，本题应当选might(可能)。3(2021高考天津卷)No one _be more generous; he has a heart of gold.Acould Bmust Cdare Dneed解析：选A。句意：没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。“No one could be more generous”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，A项could可以在否定句中表示推想，为正确答案。B项表推想，只用在确定句中，dare和need不符合句意。三、情态动词have done情态动词have done用法例句musthave done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推想，意为“确定做了某事”。Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.may/mighthave done表示对过去已发生行为的推想，意为“或许/或许已经(没有)”。一般用于确定句或否定句中。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.can.havedone/cannothave done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不愿定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。(can换成could时语气较委婉)I cant find him anywhere.Where can he have gone?The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done原来能够而没有做(2022高考福建卷)He could have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do.might have done表示原来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情。You should not swim in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark.should/oughtto have done(1)用于确定句时，表示本该做某事而实际上未做；(2)用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.You ought to have returned the book earlier.You ought not to have refused his offer.neednthave done表示做了原来不必去做的事，“没必要做而做了”。温馨提示didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。You neednt have brought the book because Tom has one here.I didnt need to buy the dictionary.I had a copy at home.(2022高考陕西卷) My book，The House of Hades，is missing. Who _ have taken it?AneedBmustCshouldDcould解析：选D。考查“情态动词have done”的用法。句意：我的书哈迪斯之屋不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢？need have done sth.原来有必要做某事而没做；must have done sth. 确定做过某事，只用于确定句中，表示格外确定的推想；should have done sth.原来应当做某事，但实际上没做。依据句意可知，这是对过去状况的推想，而且该句是疑问句，所以选择D项could。一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气类型用法例句if引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式(be用were)主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might动词原形Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.很愧疚，我现在格外忙。若我有时间，我将确定与你外出郊游。与过去事实相反从句谓语动词：had过去分词主句谓语动词：should/would/could/mighthave过去分词(2021高考北京卷)If we had booked a table earlier，we couldnt be standing here in a queue.假如我们早订张桌子的话，我们就不会站在这儿排队了。与将来事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式/were不定式/should动词原形主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might动词原形Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Grace不想搬到纽约，由于她想假如要是住那里，她将不行能经常地见到她的父母。if引导的条件从句的倒装假如在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前。Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded.(If we had made a great effort.)要是我们付出巨大的努力，或许我们已经成功了。混合条件句的虚拟语气有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不全都，这时动词的形式应依据它们表示的时间加以调整。(2021高考天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before，he would be able to speak it much better now.假如以前他花更多时间练习说英语的话，现在他英语就会说得好多了。1(2022高考北京卷)We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.AareBwereCwill beDwould be解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：假如你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。依据语境可知此处表示与现在事实相反的状况，为虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句式结构：if非真实条件句用一般过去时态，主句用“would/could/should/might动词原形”。故选D项。2(2022高考湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey _ present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.AwereBhad beenCshould beDwas解析：选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：要是杜威先生当时在场的话，他就会给那儿的人供应任何可能的挂念。依据本句中的he would have offered可知，这里是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以从句应用过去完成时。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子结构是：主句谓语用 “would/could/ should/might have done”，从句谓语用had done。3(2022高考福建卷)_no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.AWere thereBHad there beenCIf there areDIf there have been解析：选A。考查虚拟语气中的倒装句。句意：要不是现代化的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。依据主句中的关键词would have to以及句意可知，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时，即if there were.。当if从句中有were，had或should时，可将if省略，同时将were，had或should提到主语前构成部分倒装，所以选A项。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用类 型用法例句宾语从句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的从句中动词为“(should)动词原形”。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.wish后的从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时和should/would动词原形，它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来状况相反。How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood?Next to nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English.主语从句在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用should动词原形。It is strange that such a person should be our friend.It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit.1(2021高考浙江卷)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.Awas Bbe Cwere Dis解析：选B。句意：眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应当在六个月大的时候进行。recommend建议，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should do形式，should可以省略，所以正确答案为B项。2(2021高考陕西卷)My mom suggests that we_eat out for a change this weekend.AshouldBmightCcouldDwould解析：选A。句意：我妈妈建议这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味。suggest作“建议”讲，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，也就是从句中的谓语部分要用should do形式，should可以省略；另外要留意的是suggest作“表明”这一含义讲时，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气。三、其他句型中的虚拟语气类型用法例句Its time that.It is (high) time(that).句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形。Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.would ratherwould rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。I would rather you stayed at home now.if onlyif only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示猛烈的愿望。If only our dream had come true！as ifas if引导的状语从句中动词可以用过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟。Dont handle the vase as if it were made of steel.(2022高考陕西卷)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.Awould stayBhas stayedCstayedDstay解析：选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是一个小孩子了。would rather后接that从句时，要用虚拟语气，假如与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时态；假如与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。依据后面的it is her choice可以推断这件事情还没发生，因而从句用一般过去时，所以选择C项。四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的状况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导。I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。1(2022高考安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past.Ahad thrownBwill be throwingCwere throwingDwould have thrown解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。本题难度较大，由于其中的虚拟条件是通过语境“People are recycling many things”含蓄表达的。依据in the past可知，这里说的是过去的状况，对过去状况的推想或评说应使用“情态动词完成式”。本题句意是：现在人们回收利用很多东西，而过去他们会将这些东西扔掉。故选D项。2(2022高考浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they _ to our help.Awould have comeBcould comeChave comeDhad come解析：选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：我们进行调研的那几个月期间他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来挂念我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于 if they hadnt been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的状况，因此这里谓语动词用would have done，故A项正确。3(2021高考安徽卷)I_ to my cousins birthday party last night，but I was not available. AwentBhad gone Cwould go Dwould have gone解析：选D。句意：昨晚我本应当去参与我堂妹的生日聚会，但我没有空。I was not available表示的是过去的真实状况，为一含蓄条件，相当于if I had been available(假如我有空的话)，此处为与过去状况相反的虚拟语气，主句应使用“would/might/could/shouldhave done”结构，故选D项。1_you talk with your mouth full of food，Jack?Oh，Im terribly sorry，but.AWillBShallCMustDNeed解析：选C。考查情态动词。句意：Jack，你非要满嘴食物讲话吗？哦，格外愧疚，但是。(why)must you.？表示“(为什么)你非要？”，为固定用法。2(2021四川成都四校联考)I dont believe he_the task on his own last night.He is such a lazy boy!Amay finishBshould finishCcould have finishedDmust have finished解析：选C。考查情态动词。后面强调“他”是个懒散的男孩子，故他不行能自己完成了任务。could have done表示“可能干了某事”，否定式表示“不行能干了某事”。3(2021湖南株洲三校一模)The giant panda looks very mild. But it _ be very fierce when you annoy it.AshouldBmustCcan Dshall解析：选C。考查情态动词。情态动词can在此意为“有时可能会”，表示间或的可能性。句意：这只大熊猫看起来很温存。但假如你把它惹怒了，它有可能格外凶狠。4.(2021湖南湘南五校联考)Mike failed the English exam again.What else did you expect? Dont you think he _ have spent more time in studying English?AmustBcanCmightDshould解析：选D。考查情态动词。句意：Mike英语考试又没有及格。你还能期望什么？莫非你不认为他应当花更多的时间学习英语吗？should have done表示“原来应当做某事，但实际上并未做”，符合题意。5(2021合肥一中、安师大附中等六校联考)Could you give me a ride to the railway station？Im going to be late.Ill take the nearest route.You_be in time for the train.AshallBcanCmayDneed解析：选A。考查情态动词。句意：你能开车送我去火车站吗？我要晚了。我会走最近的路线。你确定能准时赶上火车。shall可以用于其次、三人称，表示承诺、命令、警告、威逼等语气。6It was a fine day yesterday.I_have taken my raincoat with me.AcouldntBneedntCwouldntDmustnt解析：选B。考查情态动词。句意：昨天是个好天，我本不该带雨衣。neednt have done sth.“本不该做某事”，符合句意。7(2021四川三校联考)Studying abroad_be stressful，because you have to worry about adjusting to a new culture at the same time.AcanBneedCmustDshould解析：选A。考查情态动词。由because引导的缘由状语从句的内容可知，出国学习可能会很压抑。can用于确定句中，意为“可能会”。8(2021四川南充名校模拟)When you arrive at the front door，you wont need a key because the door _ open with a touch of your finger.Amust Bmight Cneed Dwill解析：选D。考查情态动词。句意：你到前门时，不需要钥匙，由于用手指一碰门就会开了。will在此表示“会”。9(2021重庆联合测试)If you had listened to me, we_at the party. Move over. Ill drive.AareBwereCwould beDwould have been解析：选C。句意：要是当时你听我的，那么我们现在就在聚会现场了。你挪过去，我来开车。if从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而本空表示与现在的实际状况相反的假设，说话人此时还在路上，因此选C项。10(2021安徽合肥四校高三联考)Had it not been for the postal strike, my letter home _ been held up.Amight not haveBshould not haveCmust not have Dmay not have解析：选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：假如不是邮政罢工，我寄出的那封家书也不会被耽搁。由“had it not been for.”可看出，邮政罢工发生在过去，因此，家书寄出后被耽搁也发生在过去。might not have done表示对过去事情的虚拟假设，意为“原本不行能做某事”。11(2021杭州五校第一次联考)But for your timely warning，we _ into great trouble.Well, you know we re friends.Awould getBmust have gotCwould have gotDcan t have got解析：选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你准时提示，我们或许已经陷入麻烦中了。好了，你知道我们是伴侣啊。but for意为“要不是，假如没有”，后接名词，相当于一个if条件句，依据句意可知，本题中if条件句与过去事实相反，即if you hadnt warned us，此时主句谓语动词应用would have done表虚拟。12(2021温州适应性测试)I think Tom should have invited Mary to the party.Its none of our business. If Tom had intended to invite her，he_Awill haveBwouldCmight have Dshould解析：选C。考查虚拟语气和省略。句意：我认为汤姆本应当邀请玛丽来参与晚会的。这和我们无关。假如汤姆打算邀请她的话，他早就做了。依据语境可知，此处是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故主句用would/could/might have done形式，且此处的助动词have不能省略，故C项正确。13Its everybodys desire that every effort_to reduce the pollution in our hometown.Awas madeBbe madeCwill be madeDwould be made解析：选B。考查虚拟语气。desire后的宾语从句及所在句子中的名词性从句，均应使用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为“should动词原形”，其中should可省略，故选B项。14(2021湖南湘南五校联考)It is required that the new employees_safety training before they start to work.Amust provideBprovidesCbe providedDshall be provided解析：选C。考查虚拟语气。动词require后面的主语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形”。employees和provide之间存在被动关系，故用被动形式。句意：依据要求雇员在上岗前应赐予他们平安培训。15How do you find the movie last night?Its so boring.I wish I_it.