2022湖南邵东县高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼(2)及答案.docx

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of areas for burying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material we are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.
1. What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?
A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.　　 D. Having more material than is needed.
2. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show　　　.　
A. the tendency of cutting household waste　　　B. the increase of packaging recycling
C. the rapid growth of supermarkets　　　　　　D. the fact of packaging overuse
3. According to the text, recycling　　　.　
A. helps control the greenhouse effect　　　B. means burning packaging for energy
C. is the solution to gas shortage　　　　　D. leads to a waste of land
4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.　　　　　　
B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging.　　　　
D. Other products are better packaged than food.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult.　　　　
B. Needless material is mostly recycled.
C. People like collecting recyclable wastes.　
D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.
【参考答案】1-5 DDACA　

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The Goldman Environmental Foundation recently recognized a group of individuals (个体) for their efforts to protect the environment. Each year, the American-based group honors environmental activists from six different areas.
The first three winners of the 2022 Goldman Prize are from Kenya, the Philippines and China.
The Goldman Environmental Foundation says Ikal Angelei is a hero to those who live around Lake Turkana. The Kenyan woman received the award because of her efforts to stop a dam project on a river in Ethiopia. Critics say the dam will harm the lake and restrict (限制) the flow of water for people who live nearby.
The Philippine island of Mindoro is home to those who depend on the area’s natural resources for food and jobs. Edwin Gariguez became concerned when a European company announced plans to mine for nickel (镍) on the island. The Roman Catholic minister said waste materials from the mining project would pollute the water and destroy the forests. So he started a campaign to stop the project.
In China, Ma June is working with businesses to clean up their pollution. He formed a group that collects information about pollution, and publishes it on the Internet.
The Goldman Prize was also awarded to activists from Argentina, Russia and the United States.
Sofia Gatica of Argentina is from a town where farmers commonly use pesticide (杀虫剂) products to protect soybean crops from insects. The town also has a high rate of cancer. Sofia Gatica believed that pesticide use was responsible for the death of her baby. She worked with other mothers to get government officials to ban the use of chemicals near populated areas.
Evgenia Chirikova objects to the plans to build a road through a protected forest just outside Moscow. She has demanded that Russian officials redirect the road away from the forest. She and her followers have been arrested for their activities. However, their campaign has gained widespread public support.
The sixth winner is American Caroline Cannon—a community leader in Point Hope, Alaska. Miz Cannon is fighting to keep Arctic waters safe from oil and gas exploration.
1. We can know from the passage that ______.
A. the dam project has been prevented
B. the first three activists are all from Asia
C. a European company is going to dig for nickel
D. Ma June is trying to stop oil and gas exploration
2. From the 7th paragraph, we can know that ______.
A. pesticide use accounts for a high-rate of cancer
B. Sofia managed to ban the use of chemicals
C. the farmers mainly live on unpolluted products
D. the death of the baby was due to delayed treatment
3. What do we know about Evgenia Chirikova？
A. She plans to build a road to protect the forest.
B. She is in charge of a project far away from the road.
C. She persuaded the government to set her followers free.
D. Her environmental action has been widely acknowledged.
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Six Advanced Individuals for Hard Work
B. Efforts to Create a Clean and Beautiful World
C. Six Environmental Activists Win Goldman Prize
D. The Goldman Environmental Foundation Prize
【参考答案】1—4、CADC　

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。
A mouse happened to look through a hole in the wall to see the farmer and his wife open a package. “What food might this contain?” The mouse wondered. But he was sad to discover it was a mousetrap.
Back to the farmyard, the mouse announced this warning; “There is a mousetrap in the house! There is a mouse trap in the house!”
The hen clucked (咯咯地叫) and scratched, raised her head and said, “Mr. Mouse, I can tell this is a great concern to you, but it is of no consequence to me. I cannot be bothered by it.”
Then the mouse turned to the pig. The pig sympathized, but said, “I am so very sorry, Mr. Mouse, but there is nothing I can do about it but pray. Be assured you are in my prayers.”
Then the mouse turned to the cow and repeat the same words. The cow said, “Moo, Mr. Mouse. I’m sorry for you, but it’s no skin off my nose.”
So, the mouse returned to the house, head down and sadly faced the farmer’s mousetrap alone. That very right a sound was heard throughout the house – the sound of a mousetrap catching its prey (猎物). The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness, she did not see it. It was a poisonous snake whose tail was caught in the trap. The snake bit the farmer’s wife. The farmer rushed her to the hospital. When she returned home, she still had a fever.
Everyone knows fresh chicken soup is good to treat a fever. So the farmer took his knife to the farmyard. The hen was killed.
But his wife’s sickness continued. Friends and neighbors came to sit with her around the clock. To feed them, the farmer butchered the pig.
The farmer’s wife did not get well but died. So many people came for her funeral that the farmer had the cow killed to provide enough meat for all of them for the lunch.
The mouse looked upon it all from his hole in the wall with great sadness.
26．What surprised the mouse when looking through the hole?
A．The farmer and his wife. B．A dangerous mousetrap.
C．A package with food in. D．A poisonous snake.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。依据But he was sad to discover it was a mousetrap.老鼠惊异地发觉了一个扑鼠器，故选B。
27．What did the mouse do when it returned to the farmyard?
A．It had a warn talk with his friends.
B．It warned its neighbors of the danger.
C．It argued with its neighbors loudly.
D．It tried hard to cheer its neighbors.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。依据Back to the farmyard, the mouse announced this warning;老鼠警告大家有危急，故选B。
28．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story?
A．The hen was sure that it needn’t be bothered by it.
B．The pig only expressed its sympathy for the mouse.
C．The farmer’s wife was bitten by the poisonous snake.
D．The farmer’s neighbors came to his home for meat.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。依据So many people came for her funeral that the farmer had the cow killed to provide enough meat for all of them for the lunch.
农夫的邻居来他的家参与他的妻子的葬礼，这位农夫杀了牛来款待大家吃肉，故选D。
29．What does the underlined sentence “but it’s no skin off my nose” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．It is none of my business. B．It is out of the question.
C．It doesn’t affect my smell. D．It is not interesting at all.
【答案】A
【解析】句意理解题。依据I’m sorry for you既然牛这样说对不起，就能推想他无能为力，也不管它的事，故选A。
30．Which of the following can best express the moral of the story?
A．Mind works faster in time of danger.
B．Never put your nose into others’ business.
C．We should pull together in time of trouble.
D．Out of sight out of mind.
【答案】C
【解析】推理推断题。从这个寓言故事可知看似不管自己的事情却引起自己的灾难，所以无论谁遇到困难时大家齐心合力，共度难关。故选C。

2021高考英语（附解析答案）
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Mark______ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn’t 　　　　　　　 B．wouldn’t
C．mustn’t D．couldn’t
解析 考查情态动词。句意：马克本没有必要那么急，全速开车后他提前了半个小时到达。依据句意和前后的照应可知应选A项。A项表示“本没有必要”；B项意为“不会”；C项表示“不允许”；D项表示“不行能”。明显，B、C、D三项与后文论述不符。
答案 A
2．If most bread­winners______a day’s pay to the Hope Project，then it will be hopeful.
A．gift B．donate
C．present D．give
解析 句意：假如大多数挣工资的人把一天的所得捐献给期望工程的话，那期望工程就有期望了。donate“捐献”；present“(作为礼物)赠送”；give“赐予”；gift为名词“礼物
答案 B
3．They______two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A．had got B．got
C．have got D．get
解析 句意：他们得到两张免费去加拿大的机票，不然他们没钱去那儿。otherwise是虚拟语气的示意，从“they’d never have been able to...”可知，该句是对已发生的大事的虚拟假设，而前半句是对过去事实的陈述，故B项正确。
答案 B
4．Ronny’s steps______，and there was a moment of absolute silence.
A．died back B．died away
C．died off D．died out
解析 考查短语的意思。die away意思为“(风、声音)渐息，渐弱”；die off意为“相继死亡，种群突然急剧的衰减”；die out意为“完全的灭亡，灭亡”，如：Tribes and tribal customs died out centuries ago.部落和部落文化在几个世纪前就消亡了。
答案 B
5．The criminal，as well as some______people，was arrested by the police yesterday.
A．relevant B．skilled
C．released D．lucky
解析 relevant相关的。句意：那个罪犯，连同一些相关的人昨天被警方逮捕了。
答案 A
6．The doctor said that the patient had______at once.
A．to operate B．to be operated
C．operated D．to be operated on
解析 operate作“动手术”讲时，是不及物动词，所以表示“给某人动手术”用短语operate on sb.，用被动语态时介词on应当保留。
答案 D
7．The secretary should have all the______documents ready before the meeting begins.
A．concerning B．respecting
C．relevant D．regarding
解析 relevant“有关的”。句意：秘书应当在会议开头之前把全部相关文件预备好。
答案 C
8．When will the result of the exam be announced？The students are______to know it.
A．agreeing B．dying
C．deciding D．desiring
解析 be dying to do sth.极想做某事。desire意为“渴望；渴求”后可接动词不定式，但不用于进行时。
答案 B
9．What skills are needed to______this machine?
A．manage B．operate
C．operate on D．manage with
解析 operate a machine操作机器。
答案 B
10．Something is wrong with his camera.It can’t be______to take photos in cloudy conditions.
A．adapted B．adjusted
C．adopted D．remedied
解析 adapt使适应；adjust调整，调整，在此表示调整照相机的速度、距离或光圈等；adopt实行、接受；remedy订正。
答案 B
11．Ladies and gentlemen，I have the great privilege______introducing our speaker for tonight.
A．in　　　　 B．of　　　　
C．about　　　　 D．on
解析 have the privilege of doing很荣幸地做某事。句意：女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。
答案 B
12．My family were moving to the countryside and I had to make some______and learn to lead a different life there.
A．allowance B．accommodation
C．adjustment D．assessment
解析 考查名词词义辨析。adjustment表示“调整以适应”。A项allowance“津贴，限额”；B项accommodation“住宅；工作场所”；D项assessment“评价；估量”。
答案 C
13．Everyone in the class is expected to ______ these discussions.
A．participate B．participate in
C．take part D．join
解析 考查动词(词组)辨析。participate为不及物动词，若跟宾语，则需要加介词in。此处participate in＝take part in＝join in。
答案 B
14．All of them thought it necessary that he______the meeting.
A．attend B．join
C．participate in D．take part in
解析 attend a meeting“参与(出席)会议”。
答案 A
15．“It’s not only you but also Lucy who ______，”said Mr.Black after knowing what had happened.
A．are to blamed B．is to blamed
C．are to blame D．is to blame
解析 “not only...but also”连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的形式要遵循“就近原则”，也就是说由“Lucy”打算；be to blame“应(为……)担当责任”，故选D项。
答案 D。