2021年高考英语拉分题专项训练(必修三)-专题12-Healthy-eating(知识部分).docx

Unit 2 Healthy eating
【重点词汇】
1. diet n．日常饮食　vi. 节食 vt. [医] 照规定饮食
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
不爱运动或者饮食脂肪含量偏高的孩子会很快发胖。
No sugar in my coffee，please. I’m dieting. 请不要给我的咖啡放糖，我在节食。
The doctor is dieting me severely .医生要我严格忌口。
2. balance n. 天平，平衡；余额，余数 v. 平衡；权衡 balanced adj. 均衡的
Try to achieve a better balance between work and play. 争取把工作和消遣更好地结合起来。
I must check my bank balance (= find out how much money I have in my account).
我要核对一下我在银行的余额（看我的帐户上有多少钱）。
You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.
你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。
You'd better keep a balanced diet for the benefit of your health. 为了有益于身体健康你最好均衡饮食。
3. lie n．谎话，谎言 vi.说谎；躺下；位于, 处于某种状态(或地位)
He didn't finish his homework last night so he told a lie.他昨天晚上没有完成作业，所以他说了谎。
You could see from his expression that he was lying to us. 从他的表情上你可以看出他在对我们撒谎。
The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked. 幸存者们躺在沙滩上，疲乏不堪又深感震惊。
The supermarket lies opposite our college.超市正对着我们学院。
She told me that happiness lies in helping others. 她告知我欢快的真谛在于挂念他人。
The town lay in ruins after a heavy bombardment.在猛烈轰炸以后城镇成了一片废墟。
4. strength n．[U] 力气，体力；n.[C] 特长，强项 strengthen vt.加强，增加
Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.
练习中国功夫不仅能够增加人的体质，还能培育人的性格。
To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses.
为了使队员在竞赛中表现得更好，教练首先要了解他们的优势和劣势。
Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years. 我们的友情逐年加深。
5. consult vt.& vi.请教；向……询问；与人商量  ；查阅
Have you ever consulted a feng shui master to help change your luck in the office or at home?
你是否曾经询问过风水大师来挂念你转变在办公室或在家里的运气吗？
The teacher advised us not to consult the dictionary for every new word.
老师建议我们不要每个新单词都查词典。
6. benefit vt.使……受益，得益；n.好处，利益；优势
The warning sign was put there for the benefit of the public. 那儿设立了警告牌以引起公众的警惕。
Moderate exercise will be of much benefit to you.适度运动对你有很多好处。
I benefit from reading a lot. 我从阅读中受益匪浅。
Please go to the country.I think the fresh air there will benefit you.
请到乡下去，我认为那里新颖的空气会对你有益的。
7. limit vt. 限制；限定　n. 限度；界限
There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people.人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。
They were limited to a discussion of these two topics.他们只能争辩这两个话题。
China has set a limit on melamine level in dairy products.中国已限制乳制品中三聚氰胺的含量。
My life is limited, but learning is limitless.吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。

【重点短语】
1. get away with(不用被动语态)不因某事受惩处；偷携某物潜逃；受到(较轻的惩处)
They raided the bank and got away with a lot of money. 他们抢劫银行, 掠走了大批现款。
If you cheat in the exam you'll never get away with it.考试作弊必予追究。
For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine.他犯了那么严峻的过失，却侥幸只交罚款了事。
Nobody gets away with insulting me like that.那样污辱我的人，我是不会放过的。
2. cut down削减；删节；砍倒；缩短；减价
With more and more forests being cut down, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭亡的危急。
Our money is running out. We should cut down expenses. 我们的钱快花完了，我们应当削减开支。
We need to cut the article down to 1,000 words.我们得把这篇文章压缩到1 000字。
I managed to cut the shopkeeper down to $100 for the sweater.我跟店主杀价，最终把这件毛衣降到100美元。
3. before long 不久以后 long before 很久以前
His plan seemed to be too difficult，but before long it proved to be practicable.
他的方案看起来太困难，但是没多久就被证明是很有用。
It was reported that the disease had broken out in this area long before.
曾经报道过很久以前该地区暴发过一次这样的疾病。

【重点句型】
1. “Nothing could be better，”he thought.他想：“再没有比这更好(吃)的了。”
句中形容词的比较级与否定代词nothing连用，表达最高级的含义。有此用法的常用否定词有：no，not，never，hardly，nothing，nobody等。
【考点】
表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构
(1)never＋比较级
(2)nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as...
(3)nothing/no＋比较级＋than...
(4)can/could＋never/not＋(...) enough/too(...)
（5）比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词/any of the other＋复数名词/any of the others/anyone else/anybody else/anything else/all the others/all the other＋复数名词
（6）No other＋单数名词/No one/None/Nobody＋比较级＋than...
What an interesting novel! I have never read a more moving novel.＝It's the most moving novel that I have ever read.
多么有意思的小说！我从来没看过比这更动人的小说。(言外之意，这是最动人的)
I think nothing is so pleasant as travelling. 我想没有什么与旅行这么令人快活的了。
Nothing is more precious than health. 健康的身体是最贵重的
I can't think of a better idea. 我想不出比这更好的方法了。
He studies harder than any other student in our class.他是班里学习最用功的同学。
No other student in the class is taller than he.他是班里最高的同学。
You can never be too careful while crossing the street. 横穿大路再怎么细心也不过分。
2. Something terrible must have happened if Lichang was not coming to eat with his as he always did. 要是李昌不像平常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题确定严峻了。
【考点】
情态动词 + have done
1). 情态动词must +have done只用于确定句中，表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行确定的推想，意为“过去确定做过某事”。
It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. 昨天晚上确定是下雨了，由于路还湿着。
You must have seen the film the Gold Rush. 你确定看过电影《淘金热》。
2). 情态动词can／could可用于否定句中，即can’ t have done ／couldn’ t have done，表示对过去发生的事情或状态的确定的推想，意为“过去不行能做过，确定没做过”。
My sister met him at the theatre last night, so he couldn’ t have attended your lecture. 我姐姐昨天晚上在电影院遇见了他，所以他确定没参与你的演讲．
3). 此外，can／could have done还可用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的不太有把握的推想，常表示“过去可能做过吗?”(留意：表推想的情态动词只有can／could常用于疑问句中)
I can’ t find Tom anywhere in the office building. Where can he have gone? 我在办公楼任何地方都找不到汤姆。他有可能去了哪里了呢？
4). 情态动词may／might +have done表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不愿定的推想，might语气稍弱一点儿，只能用于确定句和否定句中，表示“过去可能做过某事或过去可能没做过某事”。
You might have read about it in the papers. 你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。
3. He couldn’ t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies. 他不能容忍永慧撒谎而逍遥法外。
【考点】
have sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人或某物始终做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth. 容忍某人或某物总是干
have sb./sth. do sth. 使某人或某物做某事(留意不要在do之前加上to)
have sb./sth. done sth. 请人做某事(自己不去做或无法做)，(主语)患病了不好的事情
I had him waiting at the gate from eight o’ clock this morning till now.
我让他从早上八点始终在门外等候到现在。
I can't have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.
我不允许你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你妈妈说话。你必需马上向她赔礼。
I’ ll have him finish my work. 我将让他替我把工作完成。
I had my hair cut. 我请人把我的头发理了。
The woman had her handbag robbed yesterday. 昨天，这个妇女的手提包被抢了。

【重点语法】
Modal Verbs I(情态动词II)
 1．ought to／ought not to
(1)ought to---应当，应当，其后必需跟动词不定式。只有一种形式，没有人称和时态变化。它可以表示“有义务或责任做某事 ”，语气比较强，还可以表示"建议或劝告"
例：
Humans ought to stop polluting nature．人类应当停止污染大自然
You ought to obey your parents．你应当听父母的话
(2)同should一样，ought to后跟动词不定式的完成式，其确定句表示“过去本应当做而未做”的事；其否定句则表示“过去不该做某事但做了”
You ought to have come here earlier．你本应当早一点来这儿
You oughtn’t to have opened the letter! It wasn’t for you! 你本不该拆开这封信，它不是写给你的
(3)ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn’t to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前
You oughtn’t／ought not to blame him． 你不应当责怪他。
一Ought I to go?我该去吗? 一Yes，you ought to．对，你应当
(4)在反意疑问句里，下面两种形式都可以
Bob ought to be at home now, shouldn’t／oughtn’t he? 鲍勃现在应当到家了，不是吗?
【辨析】 ought to/should
一般说来，两者可换用，只是ought to语气略强。另外，表示出于法令规章、行为规章、道德责任等客观状况而应当做某事时，一般应同ought to；若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法
We ought to(should)go and see our teacher sometime我们应当抽时间去探望我们的老师
They ought to go and see Mary tomorrow，but I don’t think they will．
明天他们按理应当去看看玛丽，但是我认为他们不会去的
2．have to／don’t have to／mustn’t
(1)have to表示客观上的必要性，意为“不得不”。由于它是由“have+to”构成．因此它有多种时态变化形式，其疑问式和否定式由助动词do构成
She has to earn her living.. 她不得不以教书为生
Do you have to leave now? 你现在必需走吗？
You don’t have to talk so loud．你讲话的声音用不着那么大。
(2)have to的否定式don’t have to表示没有义务或必要做某事，意为“不必”，常可以回答must提问的疑问句。而must的否定式mustn’t主要指说话人主观的命令或猛烈的劝告
You mustn’t tell him the secret．你不能告知他这个隐秘。
一Must we hand in our homework this afternoon? 我们必需今日下午交作业吗?
—No，you don’t have to．(No，you needn’t) 不，不必。
3．need／needn’t
1)need“需要，必要”，即可作情态动词，也可作实义动词
(1)用作情态动词，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句。
Need I do it at once? 我需要马上做这件事吗?
There’s plenty of time．We needn’t drive so fast． 时间很充分，我们不必开这么快。
(2)用作实义动词，有动词的各种形式变化，可用于一切句式；其宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词；构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does
He needs our help．他需要我们的挂念
We don’t need to tell him the truth．我们不需要告知他真相。
(3)need not have done 本没必要做某事
You needn’t have told me the news. 你本没有必要告知我这个消息
【提示】
(1)由于用作情态动词的need通常不用于确定句，所以对于以need开头的疑问句的否定回答可用needn’t，但是确定回答却不能用Yes，I need．之类的，而常用Yes，I must．来回 答例如：
一Need you go now?你需要现在走吗?
一Yes，I must．是的，我必需现在就走。
一No，I needn’t．不，不必
(2)由must引出的一般疑问句，确定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。
一Must I do the work now?我必需现在干这个活吗? 一Yes，you must．是的，你必需做。
一No，you needn’t／don’t have to．不，你不必。