上海高考英语语法填空专项练习知识讲解.doc

上海高考英语语法填空专项练习

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上海高考英语语法填空专项练习
I.
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He ____25___ (cook) some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he found that he ___26___(run) out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it, neither too much ___27___ too little.” His son looked surprised, “ I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father , But if I can pay less, ___28___ not save a bit of money?”
“That would be a very ___29___ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ___30___ (we) Nick said.
Nick’s guests, ___31___ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply ___32___ they could. Nick replied, “The only reason why a man would sell salt ___33___ a lower price would be ___34___ he was desperate for money. And anyone who took the advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect ___35___ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce ___36___”
“But such a small thing couldn’t ___37___(possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only ___38___ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always ___39___ (think) that it was only small and not very important and look where we have ended ___40___ today.”

II. 
Grammar and Vocabulary 
Section A 
Directions:Read the following passage. For some blanks there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning. 
(A)
Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and 
keep us healthy. ___25___ these not their only uses. They give us valuable practice in making eyes, brain and muscles ___26___ (work) together. In tennis,  ___27___   our eyes see the ball coming, our brain has to decidewhat to do, and so send its orders to 
the muscles of the arms, legs and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back ___28___ 
it ought to go. All this must happen with very greatspeed, and only those who have 
had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the pracice of such skills is espcially 
useful. 
Sports and games are also very useful for character-training. ___29___   each of students learn to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will 
___30___ (late) find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit. 

(B)
Through a series of experiments an American scientist has gained an understanding ofthe social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants   ___31___   
(examine) are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they planted 
gardens on soils made from finely ___32___ (cut) leaves. This is a complex operation___33___   (require)considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ant can___34___   (divide) into our groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs. 
The making and care of the garden and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for cutting leaves to 
make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. ___35___ third 
group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The ___36___   (large) are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the
nest.   
___ 37___   (find) out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, 
the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of 
energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size groups, and then measured ___38___  efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then_he repeated the experiment for each of the other size groups.  ___39___  this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it. 

高考新题型 2014
III.
A.
Everyone can live longer by allowing himself a little fun, according to research published in London. Two _________ (depend) scientific studies found that, regardless of background and circumstances, everyone tends to have the same “pleasure quota.” _________ , different groups of people get their pleasure in different ways. Researchers asked over 4,000 people in eight countries to assess their level of enjoyment from 13 everyday activities including sex, a glass of wine, a piece of chocolate, tea or coffee or watching TV. “There is ________ wealth of evidence to suggest that the cumulative effect of these little pleasures and happy moments can make us all live longer,” they said. People ________ low incomes get more fun of simple everyday pleasure such as eating a chocolate bar or watching television while those earning over US$ 100,000 a year prefer _______ (eat) out as an enjoyment Researchers advised us that no matter ________ our personal circumstances are, we can and should try to introduce as much happy moments as possible into our lives.

B.
William H. Gates, 40, is chairman and chief executive officer of Microsoft
Corporation, the leading provider of software for personal computers worldwide. With net revenues of $5.94 billion for the fiscal year _______ (end) June 1995, Microsoft employs more than 18,000 people in 48 countries.
Gates began his career in _________ person) computer software when he started
programming at age 13 while a student at the Lakeside school. In 1974, _________ an undergraduate at Harvard University, he developed BASIC for the first microcomputer, the MITS Altair, _________ started the era of hobbyist computing . ________ (lead) by the belief _________ the personal computer would ultimately be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, Gates formed Microsoft with Paul Alien in 1975 _________ (develop) software for personal computers.
Gates early foresight about personal computing and his continuing vision have been central to Microsoft and the software industry. Gates is actively ________ (involve) in significant operating and strategic decisions at development and management of the company. A significant portion of his day is also devoted to ________ with customers and staying in contact with Microsoft’s employees around the world through e-mail. Gates is married and lives in Bellevue, Washington. Gates is interested in biotechnology and sits on the boards of Darwin Molecular and the Icos Corporation. He is an avid reader and enjoys playing golf and bridge. ________ technology, to make it easier and more enjoyable for people to use software. The company is committed to the long term by investing in new technology, state-of-the-art projects and new products for the further expansion of personal computing.

IV.
Kip Keino
Kipchoge Keino is a modest man, and it takes some prodding to get the great Kenyan runner to recall _____1____ he felt on Oct, 20, 1968- when he won his first gold medal, in the 1,500 meters in Mexico City. The day hadn’t started out well, Keino ____2_____ (suffer) from stomach pains that later turned out to be a severe gallbladder infection. His doctors advised ___3_____ running; he ignored them. During the race, Keino was so focused on competing against American ace Jim Ryun _____4____ , in retrospect, “without watching a video, I wouldn’t know what happened at the finish.” He does remember what happened next. “I ran an____5_____ lap. I ran it to celebrate and to let my body recover. I felt overcome by the excitement.” It was not only memorable event in his life that day. Back home, his wife, Phyllis, gave birth ____6____ their third daughter, named Milka Olympia Chelagat in celebration of her father’s _____7_____.
Keino went on to win a silver medal in the 5,000 meters in Mexico City and a gold and a silver four years later in Munich. He then became Kenya’s Olympic _____8____(run) coach from 1976 to 1986, furthering his nation’s ____9_____ (dominant) in distance events. Kenya runners have captured 32 Olympic ___10___ medals since 1964 and won the last six consecutive Boston Marathons. This summer, Keino will be in Atlanta as chief of the 120-athlete Kenyan delegation, which could include his son Martn, 23, a former NCAA 5,000-meter champion at the University of Arizona, ____11_____ (hope) to qualify for the 1,500 meters.
But Keino’s athletic _____12_____ (accomplish) are not the ____13_____ reason he is a hero in the town of Eldoret in northwestern Kenya. Thirty years ago. Keino and his wife – who now have seven children of their own – began taking orphans into their home. Their house became so crowded that they raised ____14____ to build a dormitory and a dining hall on a nearby farm Keino owns. Income _____15____ (support) the facility comes from the farm, his sports shop and fees he has received from the Kenyan government over the years. Today, 73 children and young adults – aged 2 to 22 – live on the farm. “I think I have been lucky,” Keino says. “Now what is important is ____16____ I use what I have to help others.”

V.
A Good Couple Supports Each Other
Rodney Mace, 35, ____1_____ (marry) with two young children, and is a part-time teacher of _____2______ (architecture) history, “I am constantly surprised by other people’s surprise, when they come to the house and see me _____3_____ (clean) a floor or hanging out the washing. Their eyes open wide at the sight of it! Much of the comment comes from men. But I am even more surprised ___4___ the number of women who comment too.”
His wife Jane, an Oxford graduate in modern languages, has a ____5___ (demand) full-time job. She is director of the Cambridge House literacy scheme for adults in South London. Her working week involves several evenings and Saturdays, and at these times her husband is in sole ____6___ of home and family. ___7___ from this, they share household jobs and ___8___ a child-minder for the afternoons. This enables him to teach two days a week and to do ___9___ he considers his principal work: writing. He has written several books and spends much of his time in the British Museum Reading Room, cycling there from his home in Brixton.
People ask the Maces ___10___ they think their children miss them. One can argue that ___11___ (satisfy) parents generally have satisfied children, but in any case the Maces are careful to reserve time and energy to play with their children. “And they have now developed relationships with other adults and children.
Previously, Rodney Mace worked full-time and Jane only part-time. Then 18 months ago, the director of the literacy scheme left. “It seems to me that Jane was very well suited to do this job. She was very doubtful about it. But I urged her to ____12___. She did, and she got it.” Jane Mace confirms that she needed this ___13___ (courage), as so many women initially do.
Did his male ego suffer from the change-over? Nothing like that occurred. But he still seems amazed at the way it changed his thinking. “I felt that we were finally going to be partners. I felt enormous ___14___, I wasn’t avoiding responsibility, but changing it. Our relationship is so much better now. It has been a change for ___15___ good for both of us – think for all of us, in every aspect of our lives. I cannot overemphasize that: in every aspect, I think it is fundamental ___16___ the woman works. The idea of equal partnership is an illusion if one partner doesn’t work.”

上海英语高考2014新题 VI．
U.S. President Barack Obama says he expects Congress to increase the country's borrowing limit before a mid-October deadline, ___1___ (ensure) that the United States does not default on its financial obligations.
With the U.S. government in the fifth day of a ___2___ (part) shutdown, it also faces ___3___ out of money to pay its bills on October 17, including interest ___4___ government bonds held by China, Japan and other overseas investors.
In a wide-ranging interview with The Associated Press released Saturday, Obama said he expects Congress will increase the country's $16.7 trillion debt ceiling ___5___ the United States can borrow more money. 
"America has ___6___ not paid its bills, and I've said repeatedly ___7___ that is not something anybody should be threatening," he said. "The potential default of the United States, where we are ___8___ (essential) deadbeats, that's never ___ 9___ (happen)."
Obama, a Democrat in his fifth year at the White House, is locked in a political deadlock with Republican opponents in Congress over government spending policies and implementation of his signature legislative achievement: wide-ranging health care changes ___10___ are now taking effect.

Willing to negotiate

The president said he is willing to negotiate changes to the health law and reduce spending, but not until Congress agrees to end the shutdown and raises the debt ceiling without conditions. Republicans opposed to the health care reforms are trying to end funding for or delay that program, ___11___ is commonly known in the U.S. as "Obamacare."
Opposition Republicans have insisted that they will only approve a spending bill to reopen the government ___12___ Obama and Democratic leaders agree to negotiations on the separate issue of the health ___13___ plan.
With Congress deadlocked, a lack of funds has stopped or sharply decreased a wide variety of government services.  All national parks, museums and the Library of Congress ___14____ (close) since Tuesday, and scientific research at the National Institutes of Health and the space agency, NASA, has been almost entirely suspended. These actions prompted ___15___ agencies to order about 800,000 federal workers on furlough status — sending them home without pay and barring them from remaining at their jobs, even ___16___ (volunteer).

VII.
NEW YORK — One of America’s iconic attractions, The Statue of Liberty, was seen but not touched on Tuesday after a U.S. government shutdown forced the ___1___ ( close) of some of the nation's great tourist attractions.
Tourists ___2___ gathered at the southern tip of Manhattan expected to board a boat on Tuesday and climb the Statue of Liberty. But Lady Liberty, with her lamp of freedom___3___ (hold) high, was closed because the U.S. government had shut down.
They could still see it, but only ___4___ the boat that normally disgorges tourists at New York's iconic spots: Liberty Island and Ellis Island ___5____.  In better times, millions visit these sights every year.
Will Koehn from Missouri seemed ___6___ (surprise) that he couldn't get there.  
“We came here today to see the Statue of Liberty, came to the ticket booth and weren’t