六种英语基本句型详细讲解讲解学习.doc

六种英语基本句型详细讲解

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英语简单句5种基本基本句型
简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。
一、 句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
eg The birds are f lying那些鸟在飞。
Things change事物是变化的。
Nobody went没有人去。
练习：汉译英
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The sun  was rising.  
3) Spring is coming.
4) I'll try.
5) We all breathe, eat, and drink.
6) Did you sleep well last night？
7) The book sells well.
8) The engine broke down.
9) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
10) We have lived in the city for ten years.
11) Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.
12) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.   小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。
13)  I'll go when I have had my dinner.     我吃了饭就去。
14) What he said does not matter. 
15) They had talked for half an hour when I came in.
16) His parents have worked in the factory for more than ten years.
17) So they had to travel by air or boat．
18) We got up early so as to catch the first bus．
19) She sat there alone， reading a novel．
20) He came back when we were eating．
21) Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.
二、 句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。
练习：汉译英
1) The dinner smells good. 
2) Everything looks  different.                         
3) He fell asleep.                     
4) This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
5) He is growing tall and strong.             
6) Mr.Brown is an engineer.
7)  His face turned red.  
8) Gradually he became silent.(形容词做表语)
9) She remained standing outside for a hour.(现在分词做表语)
10) The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
11) The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)
12) The television was on.(副词做表语)
13) His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
14) My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)
15) The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语)
16) I'm happy to meet you.
17) They are willing to help.
18) We feel used to living in big cities．
19) The potatoes went bad in the fields．
20) Their boss seems satisfied with the work．
三、 句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：
1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。
练习：汉译英
1) Who knows the answer? 
2)  He enjoys reading.              
3) He has refused to help them.                
4) He said "Good morning."
5) I want to have a cup of tea.  
6) Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)
7) I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)
8) We can't afford to pay such a computer.(不定式做宾语)
9) Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)
10) He admits  that he was mistaken. 
11) Tom made a hole in the wall．
12) I don’t know if he can come tomorrow．
13) They haven’t decided where to go next．
14) She stopped teaching English two years ago．
15) It took them ten years to build the bridge．
16) Mother promises to give me a present．
17) I wrote a letter last night.
18) I want to have a talk with you this afternoon.
19) He has read this book many times.
20) They have carried out the plan successfully．
21) That gentleman can speak three languages fluently．
四、 句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object
这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：
1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
练习：汉译英
1) .He handed me a letter./ He handed a letter to me.
2) She gave me her telephone number./ She gave her telephone number to me.
3) She sang us a folk song./She sang a folk for us.
4) She cooked her husband a delicious meal. /She cooked a delicious meal for her husband.
5) She ordered herself a new dress.           
6) He brought you a dictionary.          
7) I showed him my pictures.                          
8) I told him that the bus was late. 
9) He showed me how to run the machine.
10) Mr Johnson taught us German last year．
11) Grandma told me an interesting story last night．
12) Would you please pass me the dictionary?
13) Shall I call you a taxi?
五、 句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 ＋ 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上
练习：汉译英
1) The sun keeps us warm．
2) I heard him singing．
3) You must get your hair cut．
4) They made Tom monitor．
5) We call her Alice．
6) All of us considered him honest．
7) They have set the thief free．
8) I want you to tell me the truth．
9) The officer ordered us to leave at once．          
10) They painted the door green.                                      
11) We saw him out.                   
1) He asked me to come back soon.     
2) I saw them getting on the bus. 
六、句型6：　There be 句型
　　说明： 此句型是由“there＋be＋主语＋状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
　　此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live， stand， come， go， lie， remain， exist， arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park．
　 Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town．
　　Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致有时态和情态变化。如：
　　现在有　 there is/are …
　　过去有　 there was/were…
　　将来有　 there will be…；there is /are going to be．．．
　　现在已经有 there has/have been…
　　可能有 there might be．．．
　　肯定有 there must be …/there must have been．．．
　　过去曾经有 there used to be …
　　似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
特殊句型：There be sb/sth. doing/done/to do… 有。。。正做/被。。。或已被完成/要去做（还没做，不管主动还是被动）
There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问。。。
There is some doubt whether… 。。。还有疑问
There is no point /sense in doing sth. 做某事毫无意义。。。
There reported/said to be … 据报道有。。。
Sb. want/expect/hope/would like there to be … 想/期望/希望/喜欢有。。。
练习：汉译英
1） There was only a well in the village．
2） Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen．
3） The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon．
4） The light is on． There must be someone ion the office．
5） There used to be a cinema here before the war．
6） There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.
7） There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.
8） There were two thousand students in our school.
9） There isn't enough room for us in the lift.
10) There is going to be a report on Chinese history in our school this evening.
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