英语优秀作文的几个特点学习资料.doc

英语优秀作文的几个特点精品文档英语优秀作文的几个特点 学生写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。句式单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分。要使文章耐人寻味，有亮点，有深度，有文采，给读者留下深刻印象必须注意语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性,。具体说来，优秀英语作文往往有以下几个特点。1、长句和短句交叉使用。在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短句，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如果整篇文章都是短句，显得文章简单呆板没有深度；而文章长句太多会显得冗长乏味，艰深难解。只有长句和短句交叉搭配才使文章快慢结合，诵读起来，音韵铿锵，琅琅上口，给人以一种美的享受。例如：中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，还有讲故事、下棋，大家玩得很开心。【一般句式】 At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.【优秀句式】 At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling stories and playing chess。工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题。例如：As a creature，I eat；as a man，I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind，they are in a way quite similar。如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！2、避免同一词语的重复使用。为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。在作文中频繁使用同一词会显得重复累赘，不能引起读者的兴趣。如果换用一些表达同一意思的新词会使文章更加生动，更富有表现力。如要表达like的意思，还有love=enjoy=prefer=be fond of=be care for=appreciate等同义词使用。贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken。富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off。流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive。.优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding。大量的： a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of。例如：我喜欢读书，而我的弟弟喜欢看电视。【一般句式】 I like reading while my brother likes watching television.。【优秀句式】 I enjoy reading while my brother prefers watching television。3、短语优先原则，适当使用短语代替单词。一篇优秀作文里往往含有大量的短语和习惯用法。用短语代替单词会使文章更加地道生动，体现作者的写作水平。例如，love=fall in love with。fill=be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with。decide= make up ones mind。【一般句式】He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.。【优秀句式】He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up。【一般句式】He doesnt like music. 【优秀句式】He doesnt care much for music.【一般句式】He told me that the question was now being discussed.【优秀句式】He told me that the question was now under discussion. 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到几个短语，必然会低看你一等。相反，如果发现有精彩的短语，那么你的文章就容易得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：I cannot bear it.，可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.。I want it.，可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.。这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。4、恰当使用某些固定表达方式和习惯用法。【一般句式】 The film was very interesting.，Both the teachers and the students liked it.【优秀句式】 The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.【一般句式】He was very tired，He couldnot walk any farther.【优秀句式】He was too tired to walk any farther.【一般句式】Your son is old. He can look after himself now. 【优秀句式】Your son is old enough to look after himself now.5、合理使用省略句。有些句子前后部分意思重复，如果恰当使用省略句会使句子精炼简洁，更加生动，更具文采。如：(1) 他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?【一般句式】 He may be busy. If hes busy, Ill call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now? 【优秀句式】He may be busy. If so, Ill call later. If not, can I see him now? (2) 如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。【一般句式】 If the weather is fine, well go. If it is not fine, well not go.【优秀句式】If the weather is fine, well go. If not, not. (3) 她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。【一般句式】 She could have applied for that job, but she didnt do so. 【优秀句式】She could have applied for that job, but she didnt . 6、适当运用非谓语结构。现在分词、过去分词、动名词、不定式统称为非谓语结构。非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：【一般句式】When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy. 【优秀句式】 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 【一般句式】As I didnt know her address, I wasnt able to get in touch with her. 【优秀句式】Not knowing her address, I wasnt able to get in touch with her. 【一般句式】As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling. 【优秀句式】Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling. 7、恰当使用关联词（过渡词或衔接词），使行文自然流畅。流畅性是指根据整篇文章意思的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。关联词就是常用的连接手段之一。英语作文中的关联词使用，可以使得句子与句子之间更加流畅，避免了各个句子的分割独立，使得文章顺理成章，一气呵成。恰当使用这些关联词无疑能使全文过渡自然，令读者对后面的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。下面列举一些常用的关联词：(1) 表示平行、对等或选择关系：and，bothand，as well as，neithernor，also，not only.but also等。(2) 表示转折关系：but，yet，however，nevertheless，in spite of，although，otherwise，while等。(3) 表示对比关系：on the contrary，instead of，on the other hand，just like，unlike等。(4) 表示因果关系：so，for，therefore，as a result，because，owing to，due to，thanks to，on account of等。(5) 表示时间、顺序关系：shortly after， first, second，then，next，finally，for one thing，for another thing，in the end，eventually等。(6) 表示递进、强调关系：besides，furthermore，whats more，in addition，moreover，worse still，above all，to make matters worse等。(7) 表示解释、说明关系：namely，actually，such as，for example，for instance，that is to say，in other words，and so on，to tell you the truth，according to this等。(8) 表示结论：in short，in brief，in a word，in general，as you know，as far as I know，on the whole等。例如，对于这样一段话“Usually if you read the weather forecast in the newspaper, it will help you to predict how the day will turn out. But its not so in Britain.。” 如果运用连接词contrary to并且变换一下句式，将其变为Contrary to popular belief, reading the weather forecast carefully in the newspaper will not help you to predict how the day will turn out则显得更简洁、更紧凑。可见恰当运用连接词和变换句式可以收到以少量词表达出丰富意思的效果。8、综合应用多种句式或句型表达。 在整篇文章中,千万不要只使用一两个句式或句型,否则会被老师认为你的语言应用能力太差。要灵活运用诸如强调句、复合句（包括各种从句）、分词短语、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气等。文章尽量使用多种句式表达作者意图，可以体现作者娴熟的语言应用能力和文章丰富的表现力。例如:(1)强调句【一般句式】The dog has saved my little sister bravely.【优秀句式】It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.(2)主从复合句【一般句式】We had to stand there to catch the offender.【优秀句式】What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.(3)分词短语、由with或without引导的短语【一般句式】The driver escaped and didnt stop, he left the old man lying on the road.【优秀句式】The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.(4)倒装句【一般句式】I went to bed at 11:30.【优秀句式】Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.(5)省略句【一般句式】While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.【优秀句式】While crossing the street, you should be careful.9、改变句子的开头方式。不要一味地每个句子都是主语+谓语+宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。这样既有某些部分的强调作用又能使文章呈现出灵活多变的句式从而使文章具有丰富的表现力。试比较:【一般句式】My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.【优秀句式】The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.【一般句式】The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.【优秀句式】 Hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying.【一般句式】 There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.【优秀句式】 At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.10、通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。例如:【一般句式】He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.【优秀句式】He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.【一般句式】We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.【优秀句式】After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.11、多实少虚原则。原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说很好的时候，不应该只说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle，warm-hearted，hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：走出房间，一般性的词是：walk out of the room。但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room。小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room。小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room。老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room。所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩。12、主题句原则。国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主题。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感。一些文章，故意把主题隐藏在文章之内，结果造成读者稀里糊涂，不知所云！所以一般要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头或者结尾，告诉读者你这篇文章主要想表达的观点或中心思想。当然每一个段落也应有自己的主题句，放在段落前、中、后某一位置。让读者一目了然，知道这一段落或这篇文章你主要想表达什么主题。例如：to begin with，you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）。 without sufficient preparation，you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.另外，尽自己最大的可能使得第一自然段引人入胜，做到“语不惊人誓不休”。要想做到这一点，就要求学生要大量地阅读课外书籍，做到知识面宽泛，观点灵活，写技高超。13、条理有序原则。领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点 层次清晰，条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。1）first，second，third，last（不推荐，原因：太俗）2）firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally（不推荐，原因：太俗）3）the first，the second，the third，the last（不推荐，原因：太俗）4）in the first place，in the second place，in the third place，lastly（不推荐，原因：太俗）5）to begin with，then，furthermore，finally（强烈推荐）6）to start with，next，in addition，finally（强烈推荐）7）first and foremost，besides，last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all，moreover，finally9）on the one hand，on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing，for another thing（适用于两点的情况）条理性是指要合理布局文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。例如：题目要求写一篇记述文，我们可以按照事情发展的先后顺序来写；若介绍某一场所，可按照空间顺序来安排行文顺序；若是一篇议论文，就应该按照所议论观点的顺序来安排结构。全文结构应注意首尾呼应，前后相联。其次，根据需要安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，每一段落的开头和结尾也要重视，开头语往往是总起句，结尾往往是总结句。请看下面这篇高考英语书面表达范文：I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. Although the city is modern and convenient, there are still some problems, such as air pollution, crowdedness and noise. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. Trees are green and birds are singing. I can also go boating, fishing and swimming in the lake. Whats more, I can climb the hills. All this will be interesting and good for my health. Above all, I can learn more about nature. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. Im looking forward to the coming of my summer holiday.开头语I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside是总起句。结尾So I want to go to the countryside for a change. Im looking forward to the coming of my summer holiday是总结句。14、时态一致、语法正确。毋庸置疑，时态是英语基础知识的重要范畴之一，也是区别于汉语的重要特点之一。而英语作文又是对学生综合能力的考核。因而，在作文中，必须加入时态的准确运用，才能使自己的观点和所叙述的情节更加精准。因为中文中没有时态的概念，中国学生极易在英语时态方面出现失误或忽略时态的运用，表现出时态前后不一致或使用错误，这将使所写的英语作文大打折扣。另外，英语里面有很多语法规则，如果你写的句子有语法错误，必然就会影响得分。例如，Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析：negative系形容词，误作动词。应改为：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney。The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。) 剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. 15表达准确地道，努力遵从英语思维，尽量使句子带点“洋味”。准确性是要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，但是不少同学由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，在写作时不自觉地产生了不规范的表达。要做到准确、地道地表达文章，首先必须要牢记掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中文式英语，在实践中不断总结中英表达差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。例如：我等待着你的到来。【一般句式】Im waiting for you to come.【优秀句式】Im looking forward to your arrival.现在我详细地给你介绍屋子的情况。【一般句式】Now I am going to introduce the room to you carefully.【优秀句式】Now I am going to give you a detailed description of the room. 别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。【一般句式】Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.【优秀句式】Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.谢谢你陪我玩。【一般句式】Thank you for playing with us. 【优秀句式】Thank you for sharing the time with us.正确牢记这些习惯用法，无疑可以增添句子表达的准确性，减少不必要的错误，从而提高书面表达的档次。16、大胆使用高级词汇和高级结构。在英语作文中，高级词汇、词组和高级结构和句型的运用可帮助呈现写作者的英语水平。这就要求学生要在基础知识方面进行系统的学习。例如，使用prefer doing就比使用enjoy doing水平高，而使用enjoy doing又比使用like doing水平高。 由此可以看出，不同类型和不同水平的词组句型可表现出写作者不同的观点及英语水平。例如：她的黑眼睛很迷人。【一般句式】Her dark eyes are very beautiful.【优秀句式】Her dark eyes are very attractive。现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。【一般句式】Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.。【优秀句式】Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。【一般句式】We had to stand there to catch the offender. 【优秀句式】What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender. 如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。【一般句式】If her pronunciation is not better than her teachers, it is at least as good as her teachers. 【优秀句式】Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teachers.17、恰当运用修辞。众所周知，恰当的修辞可以使文章更生动形象。我们写的大多是记叙文，这就有了比喻、拟人等修辞方法应该发挥作用的地方。有这样一幅图画，上面画的是一块从一个下水渠口飞出的一块西瓜砸中了小明(肇事者，是他把西瓜扔到下水渠的。但是下水渠里有修理工，他也把西瓜扔了出来。) 多数同学描述为Xiaoming was hit by the piece of water-melon或The piece of water-melon hit Xiaoming on his head。若用上比喻拟人修辞，则可描述为The piece of water-melon, like a flying bullet, whose target was Xiaomings head, jumped out of the cloacae (下水道) and hit exactly on its target.。”显而易见，后者更生动形象。18、适当使用格言、名言警句点缀。在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。例如：(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you neednt lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isnt a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.” Sow nothing, reap nothing.= no pains no gains。（没有耕耘，就没有收获）。Contentment is happiness.（知足常乐）。 19、文章要有思想性、教育性，观点新颖，论点突出，论据充分，论证到位，能征服读者。在一篇文章中，各自然段，各句子都为文章的中心思想服务，各段落之间，句子与句子之间存在着某种逻辑关系。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头，“承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。总之，要写好英语作文，非一日之功。课外要广泛地涉猎不同书籍，特别是对一些精品文章的阅读，以增加自己的信息量。同时，还要通过日记，周记，书信，便条，通知，短信以及命题写作等方式进行长期不断地训练，才能逐渐地提高英语写作水平。要多读多背，在精读中汲取营养，对于好的句子、短语和用法最好背诵下来，适时用于写作中。只有平时不断积累和修炼才能写出真正优秀的文章。 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除