江苏省高考英语考试说明新增50词整理汇编讲解教学教材.doc

江苏省高考英语考试说明新增50词整理汇编讲解

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江苏省高考英语考试说明新增50词整理汇编讲解

1. anticipate [æn'tɪs.ɪ.peɪt] vt. 预期，预料
他们预计会有几个人来应征这份工作。
[+ -ing verb] They anticipate having severalapplicants for the job.
[+ that] They anticipate that theywill have several applicants for the job

2 assure [əˈʃʊə,əˈʃɔ] vt. 向……保证；使……确信
我确信他很诚实。
可以说：I am assured of his honesty.
I am assured that he is honest.
但不可说：I assure his honesty.
I assure that he is honest.
他的工作确保给他带来一定程度的幸福感。
①②两句意思相同：
①.His work assured him a degree of happiness.
②. His work assured a degree of happiness to him.
但不及③④⑤句常用：
③. His work ensured him a degree of happiness.
④. His work ensured a degree of happiness to him.
⑤. His work ensured a degree of happiness for him.

3. cease [siːs] vt. vi. 停止
At one o'clock the rain had ceased. 一点钟时雨已经停了。
cease doing和 cease to do（停止做……）略有区别。
只有一次的动作通常用动名词。例如：
When he heard the knock, he ceased writing.
经常性的动作通常用不定式。例如：
He never ceases to amaze me. 他总让我惊喜不断。
此外，cease from doing也可以，但不用from更常见。

4. commodity [kə'mɒdɪtɪ] n. 商品，货物；日用品 [ 复数 commodities ]
Prices went up on several basic commodities like bread and meat.
面包、肉等几种基本商品的价格上涨了。
commodity economy商品经济
commodity price商品价格

5. compile [kəm'paɪl] vt. 收集；编辑，编制
It takes years of hard work to compile a good dictionary.
编辑一部好词典需要数年的艰苦工作。

6. comprehensive [ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] adj. 全面的；综合的；包罗万象的；详尽的
We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business.
我们向你提供这个行业各方面的综合培训。

7. consent [kən'sent] vi. 同意；赞成；答应 n. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成
I'm sure she wouldn't consent. 我敢肯定她不会答应的。
He consented to make a few alteration. 他同意作一些改动。
At approximately 11:30 p.m., Pollard finally gave his consent to the search.
大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉德终于对搜查予以同意。

8. contrast ['kɒntrɑːst] n. 对比，对照
His white hair was in sharp contrast to(with) his dark skin.
他的白发与他的黑皮肤形成鲜明的对照。
In contrast with(to) your belief that we shall fail，I know we shall succeed.
你认为我们将失败，恰恰相反，我知道我们将会成功。

9. core [kɔː] n. 核心；要点；果核
We already have our core team in place. 我们的核心队伍已经就位。

10. criterion [kraɪ'tɪə.ri.ən] n.（判断、决定的）标准准则 [ 复数：criteria ]
the criteria for measuring how good schools are 衡量学校好坏的标准
Academic ability is not the only criterion for admission to the college.
学术能力不是大学招生的唯一标准。

11. crucial ['kru:.ʃəl] adj. 至关重要的；关键的；决定性的
a crucial decision/question 至关重要的决定/问题
Her work has been crucial to the project's success.
她的工作对于这个专案的成功至关重要。
It is crucial that the problem should be tackled immediately.
关键是要马上着手处理这一问题。

12. crush [krʌʃ] v. & n. 压碎，压坏，压扁
His leg was crushed in the accident. 他的腿在事故中被压断了。
Two people were crushed to death in the rush to escape.
在匆忙逃跑中有两个人被压死。

13. curse [kɜːs] v. & n. 诅咒；骂
curse sb / sth for (doing) sth
Elsa cursed herself for believing his lies. 埃尔莎骂自己相信了他的谎言。

14. deduce [dɪ'djuːs] vt. 推论，推断；演绎出
Alison cleverly deduced that I was the author of the letter.
艾莉森聪明地推断出我是这封信的作者。
The date of the document can be deduced from references to the Civil War.
该文件的日期可以从其对内战的提及处推算出来。

15. despair [dɪ'speər] n. 绝望
a mood/sense of despair绝望的情绪/感觉
They're in (the depths of) despair over/about the money they've lost.
他们对找回丢失的钱已经不抱（任何）希望了。
To her teacher's despair, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do.
妮歌从不做功课，这让她的老师感到非常失望。

16. devil ['dev(ə)l] n. n. 魔鬼；撒旦；家伙；恶棍；淘气鬼；冒失鬼

17. differentiate [ˌdɪfə'rentʃieɪt] v. 区分；区别对待
We must differentiate between right and wrong. 我们必须分清是非。
We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin. 我们不会因工人的背景或种族不同而区别对待。

18. drama ['drɑ:.mə] n. 戏剧

19. earnest ['ɜ:.nɪst] adj. 认真的；有决心的；郑重其事的；诚挚的
He was a very earnest young man. 他是个非常认真的年轻人。
in earnest 用作形容词短语或状语短语都可以，如：
He is in earnest.
He asked the question in earnest.

20. equate [ɪ'kweɪt] vt. 将……等同于；同等对待（或看待、表示），相提并论
equate wealth with happiness 把幸福与财富同等看待
equate growing prosperity with the physical health of a nation
把发展的繁荣与一个民族的身体健康等同起来

21. estate [ɪ'steɪt] n. 财产
22. .ethnic ['eθ.nɪk] adj. 民族的；种族的

23. evolve [ɪ'vɒlv] v.（使）逐步发展；（使）逐步演变；（使）进化
The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.
这种想法是从我在阁楼里发现的一幅画得到启发的。

24. exceed [ɪk'si:d] v. 超过，超出（数量）；超越（规定的范围）
The final cost should not exceed $5000. 最终的费用不应超出5000美元。

25. exclude [ɪk'sklu:d] vt. 阻止……进入；把……排斥在外
exclude…from…
Women are still excluded from the club. 这间俱乐部仍然不让女性进入。
26. exploit [ɪk'splɒɪt] vt. 开发，开采；利用
exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油
We must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.
我们必须利用一切机会学习新事物。

27. formula ['fɔːmjʊlə] 惯例；（婴儿食物等的）配方；处方；公式；方程式

28. foundation [faʊnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 基本原理；根据；基础
lay a solid foundation for…
Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.
尊重和伴侣关系是婚姻的牢固基础。

29. gender n. 性别
30. grace n. 优雅

31. grant [grɑːnt] vt. 授予；允许；承认 vi. 同意
He requested that the Premier grant him an interview.
他请求总理准许给他一次会面的机会
take sth. for granted / take it for granted that …认为某事理所当然；想当然
I was amazed that virtually all the things I took for granted up north just didn't happen in Savannah. 令我感到惊讶的是，我在北方视为理所当然的一切事物，在南美大草原上几乎都没有发生。

32. guideline n. 指导方针

33. imitate ['ɪmɪteɪt] vt. 模仿；仿效
Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their musical heroes from the past.
一些较年轻的流行乐队极力模仿心目中昔日的音乐巨星。

34. induce [ɪn'dju:s] vt. 诱导；引诱
[T + obj + to infinitive] 诱使；劝说
They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom.
他们向她保证有编辑自由，以劝服她接受这项工作。
Nothing could induce me (= I definitely cannot be persuaded) to climb a mountain / ride a bike. 没有甚么能诱使我去爬山/骑脚踏车的。

35. innovate ['ɪnəveɪt] vi.改革，创新
innovate in/on techniques 在工艺上创新
We must innovate in order to make progress. 我们必须改革以便取得进步。

36. insight ['ɪnsaɪt] n. 洞察力，洞悉；深入了解，深刻见解
gain (an) insight into 看透，识破，了解
The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.
这篇文章分析了目前经济危机的原因，发人深省。
The research provides new insights into the way we process language.
该研究对我们处理语言的方式提出了新的看法。

37. interact [intər'ækt] vt. 互相影响；互相作用
[+ with ]
Lucy interacts well with other children in the class.
露西和班里的其他孩子相处得很好。

38. interfere [ɪntəˈfɪə] v. 干预，干涉
interfere with “打扰”或“妨碍”。例如：
You must not interfere with him/his work.
interfere in “干涉”。例如：
You must not interfere in what does not concern you.

39. intermediate [ˌɪntə(r)ˈmiːdiət] 之间的,中间的
an intermediate stage / step in a process 中间阶段/步骤

40. journal [ˈdʒəːn(ə)l] n. 日报，杂志；日记
41. logic [ˈlɒdʒɪk] n. 逻辑；逻辑学；逻辑性 adj. 逻辑的
42. manual [ˈmanjʊ(ə)l] adj. 用手做的；靠劳力的；手工操作的
manual work手工

43. overseas adj. & adv.
adj. 外国的；海外的 overseas students / visitors 外国留学生/游客
adv. 在国外；在海外 live / work / go overseas 在国外生活/工作；出国

44. proportion [prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 部分；比例
Women's bodies tend to have a higher proportion of fat to water.
女性体内往往有更高的脂肪与水的比值。
当proportion作“部分”（part）解时，a(the) proportion of 用作主语，其谓语动词的数决定于所修饰名词的数。例如：
A large proportion of my time is spent in studying. 我的大部分时间都用在学习上。
A large proportion of students are workers and peasants. 大部分学生是工人和农民。
当proportion作“比率”、“之比”解时，其谓语动词永远用单数。例如：
The proportion of boys to girls in our class is three to one.
我们班上的男生与女生之比是三比一。

45. ratio ['reɪʃɪəʊ] n. 比率，比例
at the ratio of…to… 按…与…的比率

46. reluctant [rɪˈlʌkt(ə)nt] adj. 不情愿的
I was reluctant to pay what they demanded. 我不情愿付他们要求的钱。

47. sauce [sɔːs] n. 调味汁

48. thumb [θʌm] n. 拇指 v. 翻阅
be all thumbs 笨手笨脚；笨拙；手指不灵活
thumb through a book 翻阅一本书

49. undergo [ʌndəˈgəʊ] vt. 经受；忍受
undergo a change / transformation 经历变化/转变
undergo an operation 接受治疗/手术
undergo tests 接受检查

50. vision ['vɪʒ(ə)n] n. 视力；美景；眼力；幻象，憧憬
vt. 想象；显现；梦见
That's my vision of how the world could be. 那就是我对这个世界未来的憧憬。
He tried to vision himself in a past century. 他假想自己身处百年之前。
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