成都中考十二选十--句型公式-(ways-to-improve)演示教学.doc

成都中考十二选十--句型公式-(ways-to-improve)

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句型公式

教学目标：★★★★★☆ 学生能够通过快速辨认句型公式判断词形。

一、通过标志词判断词形 ★★☆☆☆☆
1. 冠词、名词类 art. +____n.____
此结构的特点是冠词后少空，而后又没有名词，那么所填空常为名词。
a book an hour the policemen
This is a book. I need an hour.
练习
1. However, one of the ____near my house seems to use more of these bags than ever before.(shop)
拓展art. +____adj.____ + n.
此结构的特点是冠词后少空，后面再接一个名词，这种情况下空里常填的词语有形容词(最高级）、序数词、名词所有格。
1. the beautiful girl the first person the Teachers’ Day
2. She is the first person to finish this task.
3. What's the real meaning of the word "peace" The _____story may tell us something about it. (follow)
opportunity use achieve me job quiet
successful towards prepare treat care difference
4. （2011成华区中考诊断） The successful person always makes full preparations to meet opportunities as they arrive on time. The ____7____person, on the other hand, works little and just wait to see them pass by.
练习
1. Before the beginning of every lecture, I found an ____5____ phenomenon(现象). (interest)
2. （成都中考真题）There was once a king who offered an award to an artist who could paint the _______ picture of peace. (good)
延伸：____仅用一个词修饰____ + n.
此结构的特点是名词前仅有一个词语修饰，此空经常的填法有形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词单数。
例
1. my book 2. their advice 3. this boy
4. I want to hear their advice.
5.She met this boy three years ago.
拓展：如果adj.修饰复合不定代词，则必须为后置修饰。即 复合不定代词+ adj.
Eg.6.（成都中考真题）Would you think they were laughing at something ____that one of them said? (fun)
练习
1. (成都中考真题）Although Eiffel designed the tower for people to visit, it was also for _________use. (science)
2.
check China difficult easy farm forget
little many other peace amazing serious
（14成都中考真题）What’s one plus one? That’s easy, two! Right? Well, that’s one right answer, but not the only answer. You might think of 11, or some 5._______ characters like “二” or “十”!

2．系动词类。
系动词+ adj.
中考12选10中常考的系动词包括look, feel, get, be这四类，系动词+adj.是常考考法。
例
1. look tired get excited
2. I feel relaxed when I’m with my family.
3. This did not look ______ at all. (peace)
4. After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map, we were beginning to get ________. (worry)
somebody       feel           day            successfully      lie          you pleasant         discover       careful         lose           instruction     embarrass
5.(成都中考真题） “Let’s play a hoax on the man, we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how embarrassed he would be when finds that his shoes are_____.
拓展：be动词后常跟adj.，但也存在be+ n./ pron./ adv. 做表语的情况；
6.“I told him Spider Man is _____ to save him. No one will hurt him now,” Mr. Smith said. (here)
3. 介词
此结构的特点是介词后填空，基本结构为 prep. + _____n./ pron./v-ing____
12选10常考介词有of, in, with, like等。
例
1. She is fond of swimming. 2. Mike does well in math.
3. She included her Chinese address in the letter in the hope of_____ a reply. (receive)
4. After _________a conversation between the boy’s mother and his teachers about his love of superheroes, Mr. Smith hurried home to get his Spider Man clothes. (hear)
拓展： 在n./ pron.+ of n./ pron.即介词of前是名或代词of后也应该填名词或者代词
练习
1. You are all looking at each other's tea cups and ________of you even envy (羡慕) the finer(比较级)  cups of others.(any)
二、通过句子结构判断词形 ★★☆☆☆☆
1. 句子prep.或to do + n.或名词短语 / pron.
此句式的特点是：一个句子之后有一个空，空后跟有人称代词宾格或名词（短语），则空格处应填一个介词或不定式。
例
1. （成都中考真题）The old man told the children that he would give them 25 cents each week ______them play football in the street at night. (see)
ever use after hold Italian woman
on final two she take skating
2. Her victory(胜利) came ______years of trials尝试，努力） following the 2010 Games.
练习
complain boss goal me rich winner
where but fail quiet high without
1. If you want to stand out among people, there are no other choices ______hard work.
fight pollute whole easy kill serious
few little become long use only
2. Many countries have made rules ______pollution.
2. 句子to do +介词短语
此句式特点是：一个句子之后有一个空，空后跟着介词短语，则空格处只能填入不定式，此句式，填入动词受空后介词的约束。
3.练习
photo with world why full didn’t
tour feed touch how swim memorize
You don’t have to travel far ______with a dolphin. Dolphin swims are now possible in tourist areas and in cites.
3. 句子反身代词 或 反身代词句子
此结构成立的条件是：
1）句子主干成分完整；
2）空格前紧挨着pron. /n., 则空格处填入反身代词表强调；
例
If you really want to play for the scholarship of a good college，nothing but you ______can stop your dream. (you)
练习
1. After reading the story, we can understand that when we receive a chocolate as a gift from a child, we get more than the chocolate . (it)
2. Then they start off on the journey. The weather was hot but the plan went well with the traveler riding on the donkey and the owner ______following behind. (him)
he build run easy get stand
visit invent say science France which
3. (成都中考真题）

It's interesting that Eiffel ______lived in the tower where he had his own apartment.
4. . it is + adj./ n. +(for sb) to do sth
此句型特点是：it is后面跟adj.或n.或名词短语，中间的for somebody可省略，则空格处填入不定式。
例
Is it necessary ______so many bags? (use)
练习
1. （成都中考真题）If each of the questions in a math test had more than one answer, it would be quite a problem for teachers______.(check)
2. I would like to have friends who are like me. It is necessary ______the same. All my friends are funny and outgoing. (be)
5. ______and ______
此句式的特点是：空格出现在and的左边或右边，则and左或右填的词，词性和词形要保持一致。
例
1. We should remind ourselves and teach our children about the beauty of feelings and ______of gratitude. (express)
2. He sadly walked away and _____ how to tell his mother about it. (think)
练习
talk clear river past wash boy
never it have strange something strange
1. One day, we had supper early. We were sitting round the fire, eating and ______, when a man walked past and went down towards the river.
6. 句子， v.-ing + adv/ n./ pron. / 介词短语 或 v.-ing + adv/ n./ pron./ 介词短语，句子
此句式的特点是：一个句子之后，跟着一个逗号，逗号之后有一个空格，空格后跟着adv/ n./ pron. / 介词短语，则该空填入V.-ing形式；反之，若空格+ adv/ n./ pron./ 介词短语+逗号+句子，则空格处填入V.-ing形式。
例
Sometimes, however, I receive a gift, ______me of the gifts in my life. (remind)
练习
1.______ down, he felt sorry for himself. (look)
]all any behave difference drink eat
enjoy fine look real surprise these
2. Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students surprised was that all the cups on the table were different. Each of them took a cup and started drinking their own tea, ______at the others’ cups.

三、辨析易混淆结构 ★★★☆☆☆
在以上的很多固定结构中，有很多形似分不清，理还乱的句型公式，以致于造成分不清用不来的尴尬局面，为此我们深入研究和详细解释公式中易混淆的结构。
l1.句子 ；句子; ,句子VS ‚ 句子, 句子; 句子，‚ 句子
则=adv. ‚= conj.
例   __adv.___ they start laughing; They start laughing__adv.___; They __adv.___start laughing.(suddenly)
VS Kids may like some sports __conj.____ they see how people do them.
__conj.____ they see how people do them, kids may like some sports.( if)
解析adv. 为一个句子中的修饰词，去掉该词后整个句子在语法上是正确的； conj.是用来连接两个句子的，去掉之后两个句子在语法上不正确。
例 older people often teach proverbs(格言） to younger people.
练习
except sometimes bloom nice shower flower
visit if sometime weather important go
1. _____ you are visiting these years, you need to know about it.
want on instead agree part-time but
spend in until thousand make study
2. _____, they receive money from their parents.
feel like exam use face be
tell speak necessary something as although
3. _____ he still isn’t at his original(原来的) level, Lin doesn’t fear anyone.
2. 句子  n./pron. VS ‚ 句子, 句子; 句子，‚ 句子
则=prep., ‚=conj.
例 He was born __prep.___ arms. VS Kids may like some sports __conj.____ they see how people do them; __conj.____ they see how people do them, kids may like some sports.
解析 prep.用来连接一个句子和名词，conj.用来连接两个句子。（without, if, if）
例：The soldiers took every young man except the farmer’s son.
The news has excited many young Chinese, as it is China’s first stealth fighter(隐形战斗机）.
follow hard now interest just someone
everyone do other than first what
1. Misunderstandings happen if we don’t say correctly _____ we mean.
四、综合应用固定结构判断词形 ★★★★☆☆
anger well sing also relax think
clean when finger medicine they feel
I am a doctor. People often come to see me because they have colds or coughs. People____1____come to see me because they are sad or nervous. Sometimes ___ 2 ___helps. But many doctors____3 ___ that music can help people feel better. I asked a few of my patients(病人)how music helped them.
“Sometimes I was____4____when I was a child．My family said, “Play your feelings on the piano! ” Sometimes I play a loud____5____on the piano. Soon I feel calm(平静的）. I can laugh and cry through my____6____ on the piano. It’s natural for me. “It’s like breathing(呼吸).”
“Listening to music helps me feel____7_____. I like to listen to music and dance when I 8 my house.”
“I play the violin. I like playing at night____9____it is quiet. After playing I am tired and I am happy. I always sleep___ 10____after playing my violin．”
Are you a musician? Good! Keep playing．If you are not a musician, listen to music and sing or dance. It’s good medicine．
解析
1. 满足 句adv.子 的结构。缺副词，从12个备选词中筛选出副词和潜力副词，再根据意思，最终锁定 also.
4. 满足 系动词 +adj. 的结构，标志词是系动词be, 缺adj. 再结合意思， angry.
5. 满足 art.+adj.+n. 的结构，筛选出 名词song.
6. 形容词性物主代词+n. 结构，筛选出名词 fingers.
7. 满足 系动词 +adj. 的结构, 标志词是系动词，选形容词，结合意思，对relax适 当变形， relaxed.
9. 满足句子(，)‚ 句子 的结构，选用conj. when.
Answers:
Also, medicine, think, angry, song,
Fingers, relaxed, am cleaning, when, better.
age life as impress somewhere one
go wear begin common become cross

T-shirt is 1.______ appeared at the __2__of the 20th century. In the early 1900s, they were worn by sailors in the American navy under their uniforms. Over the next few decades more people began to wear them. In 1951, people were impressed deeply by the sight of Marlon Brando's white T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Revel Without a Cause, T-shirts suddenly ___became__ cool. Young people _across__ American started wearing T-shirts 6._____ a symbol of their own rebellious (反叛的) feelings.
As the young people of James times got older, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have anything they wanted printed on them. There is nothing rebellious about 7.__ a T-shirt now, however. People of all 8._____ wear them. In fact, the T-shirt is probably 9. ______piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost 10._______and anytime.
解析
1. 满足 句 ____子结构，再结合句意，T恤第一次出现在20世纪初，选first.
6. 满足句子 ____ n. 结构， 筛选prep, 选择as.
7. prep+____, doing/n. 再结合句意，穿T恤。 填wearing.
8. 限定词_____. 填n. ages.
9. ______+n.(可数名词单数)， 再结合句意，填the most common.
10. _____ and ____ 结构，and 后谓anytime, 选择anywhere.
练习
hide think control off fall laugh
luck I trouble on possible right
“If you want to play basketball, get on the court,” shouted my gym teacher.
I jumped 1.________ onto the basketball court. 2. ________, I was the only girl. Always, girls 3.__are thought______ to be weak in basketball. Should I sit down? Or should I show my moves to these boys? With these things in mind, I took my place on the court.
The game was about to began when a boy shouted:“Girl, get 4. ________ the court. Basketball isn’t your game.” His words stuck in my mind. The coach blew his whistle, and game began. When I got the ball, I ran across the basketball court like a tornado(龙卷风) destroying a city…and I then 5. ________. There was so much 6. ________. I made a fool of 7. ________. I knew I had to do something to improve myself.
I went back in. I felt the pressure at once. I got the ball, dribbled it down the court and made a layup（带球上篮）. I did the same thing when I got the ball again. I was in 8. ________. By the end of the game, I had beaten just about every boy on that court.
I had done what had seemed 9. ________. Even though I felt like 10. ________ in the bathroom and never getting on the basketball court again. I proved everybody wrong. Just like the basketball, people tried to knock me down, but I stood right back up.
2.
but and cool bad one sport
use develop hurt in follow with

What’s the coolest transportation for middle school students back from the winter holidays? A racing bike? A car? No, it’s a special kind of shoe called Heelys(暴走鞋）. Heelys looks just like common 1__sport_____ shoes, but they have a wheel hidden in the heel. So instead of walking, kids can “fly” around 2_______ them. “Wearing Heelys is very fun. I do think it’s one of the 3_______ things,” said Wu Peng, a boy who wore them on his 4_______ day back at the No. 6 Middle Shool in Beijing. Wu Peng said he loves the shoes so much that he wears them wherever he goes. Sometimes he even 5__follows______ his parents’ car to the supermarket on his Heelys.
Other students think these are very cool, 6_______ some haven’t been so lucky with their Heelys. It is reported that some children have fallen down while 7___ these shoes, and some 8_________.
“Heelys wheels are on the heels of the shoes, so it is easy to fall,” said Liu Rui, a doctor at the Hong Kong International Medical Clinic, Beijing. “What’s 9________,” Liu said, “Wearing Heelys for a long time could stop young people from 10________ their ankles(脚踝）and legs.”

Answers:
一． 冠词，名词类
1. shops 3. following 4. unsuccessful 1. interesting 2. best 6. funny 1. scientific 2. Chinese.
系动词类
3. peaceful 4. worried 5. lost.
介词类
3. receiving 4.hearing 1. some
二．1. to see 2. after 1. but 2. to fight 3. to swim
反身代词
2） yourself 1. itself 2. himself 3. himself 4 . to use 1. to check 2. to be
1. expressions 2. thought 1. talking 6 reminding 1. looking 2. looking.
三． 辨析易混
1. if 2. instead 3.Although
1. what.
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