八年级上短语及固定搭配知识讲解.doc

八年级上 Unit1Unit3一重点短语：1.on weekends 2.on weekdays 3.as for 4.my eating habits 5.have a healthy lifestyle 6.the same as 7.the result of 8.junk food 9.get good grades 10.see a dentist 11.have a healthy habit 12.be stressed out 3.a balanced diet 14.for example 15.at the moment 16.be sorry to do sth 17.go bike riding 18.take walks=go for walk 19.take a vacation 20.plan to do sth 21.western country 22.take sth with sb 23.depend on 24.host family 25.hardly ever 6.ask sb about sth 27.get back to school 8 .a balance of 29.kind of二考点归纳：考点1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事His father wants him_(become )an actor.考点2.try 的用法:1).try to do sth 尽力干某事He tries _(eat) lots of vegetables and fruit every day .2).try not to do sth 尽力不干某事We try_(not let) my teacher down.3).try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 We should try our best _ (study) all subjects.4)词组: try on 试穿 have a try 试一试考点3.although 的用法:although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。考点4.finish doing sth 结束干某事I will finish_ (work )out the problem in another two minutes .考点5.cant wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事I cant wait _(open)the TV when I get home .考点6.decide 的用法:1).decide to do sth 决定干某事2).decide not do sth 决定不干某事3).decide on doing sth 决定干某事4).同义词组:make a decision to do sth = make up ones mind to do sth = decide to do sthHe has decided to leave for Wuhan .=He has _ a _ to leave for Wuhan.=He has _up his_ to leave for Wuhan.考点7.plan to do sth 计划干某事She is planning _(take )a vacation in Shanghai next month .考点8.think about doing st h 考虑干某事He thought about _(go ) to Beijing on vacation .考点9.go + v-ing 的用法:go fishing go boating go skating go shopping go hiking go skateboarding考点10.句型: Its + adj +for /of sb to do sth同义句：1).Its +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).Its +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sthIt is very friendly of you to help me .=_ _ friendly to help me .Its very hard for you to work out the math problem .=_ _ out the math problem is very hard for you .八年级上 Unit4-Unit6一重点短语：1.take the subway 2.all over/around the world .be different from 4.on the school bus 5.study for a test 6.go to the doctor=see a doctor 7.have a piano lesson 8.the day after tomorrow 9.keep quiet /be quiet e over to 11.be free=have time 12.in some ways 13.look the same 14.in common 15.do the same things as sb.16.use sth to do sth 17.begin with 18.in ones free time 19.the bus /train /subway station 20.another time 21.means of transportation 22.all kinds of 23.depend on 24.go to concert 25.keep quiet 26.primary school二考点归纳：考点1.有关交通工具的同义句：1).take the train to =go to by train take the bus to = go to by bus2).fly to = go to by plane /air walk to . = go to on foot ride a bike to = go to . by bikeMy uncle went to New York last week .My uncle _ _ New York last week .考点2.有关花费时间的句型：1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ).It took me half an hour to work it out .I_ half a n hour _ it out .考点3.表示两地相距有多远：A +be +距离 +from +B = Its +距离+from A+ to B.It is five minutes walk from my home to school. = It _ me five minu tes to _to school .考点4.leave ,leave for , leave for 1).leave +地点 “离开某地”2).leave for +地点 “前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地 “离开某地前往某地”Mr wang are going to Beijing tomorrow .=Mr wang are _ _ Beijing tomorrow.考点5.all not = not all “并非都” 部分否定注：not 与all /both /every . 连用构成部分否定。Not all birds can fly . = _ birds can fly , some cant .考点6.the number of / a number of1).a number of 许多 = a lot of /many ,number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large /small number of . 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of .的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。A large number of tourists _(come )toMountain Tai every year .The number of the students in our class _(be ) 60.考点7.sick / ill1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。She was _ because of hard work .The _ boy coughed terribly .考点8.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ?2).Could you please do sth ?3).Will /Would you please do sth ?4).Can you do sth ?考点9.be busy1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组 be free / have time I am busy tomorrow .= I _ _ = I _ _ time .考点10.whole / all1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后， all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。He stayed at home all the afternoon .=He stayed at home _ _ afternoon.考点11.however / buthowever “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。He is very busy ,_ _, he always helps me .A. and B. / C. but D. however考点12.most of / most1).most of the +复数名词 “.中的大多数”2).most +复数名词 “大多数的.”_ the students are clever ._students are clever.考点13.beat / win /lose1).beat:打败 后面接打败的人或对象 beat sb2).win:赢 后面接比赛的项目（race , game , match , prize .）3).lose:输 lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物Their team beat ours = Their team _ the match . = Our team _ _ theirs.考点14.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。Do you think ? Who is the man over there ?=_ do you think the man _ over there ?考点15.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper_ weather ! we are going to the park .A. What a good B.What good C. How a good D. How good考点16.afford1).afford 常与情态动词can , cant , could , couldnt 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：cant afford to do sth = sb dont /doesnt have enough money to do sth .The book is very expensive ,I cant afford to buy it .= I dont have _ _ to buy it .考点17.listen to /hear /sound1).listen to 仔细倾听 强调听的过程2).hear 听到、听见 强调听的结果3).sound . 系动词 “听起来.” 后面接形容词 而sound like +名词I _ her but could _ nothing .It _ interesting .考点18.句型：not as .as1).not as as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/soas +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级 + than + B= B + 形容词的比较级 + than +ATom is not as tall as I =Tom is _ _ I.I am _ _ Tom .This book is not as expensive as that one .=This book is _ _ than that one .That book is _ _ than this book .八年级（上） Unit7-Unit9一重点短语：1.turn on/ off /up/ down 2.cut up 3.mix up4.pourinto 5.add to 6.hang out 7.watch a dolphin show 8.at the end of 9.take a class/ have a class 10.sleep late 11.go for a drive 12.on my next off 13.in my opinion 14.in the future 15.free time 16.be born 17.ice skating18.a piece of music 19.win first prize 20.major in 21.one teaspoon of 22.a slice of 23.take a photo/photos 24.get ones autograph 25.have a yard sale26.get wet 27.have a party 28.at the age of 29.because of 30.at the same time二考点归纳：考点1.finally 的同义词组：finally = at last = in the endFinally he came up with an idea .=_ _ he came up with a n idea .=_ _ _ he came up with an idea.考点2.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。Please _ the door.The boy _ the computer to play games last night .考点3.into/ in 的区别：1.into表示 “到里面去”，进入到某空间里。属于动态介词。2.in表示 “在里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。There is nothing _ the blender .He put his books _his backpack and left.考点4.tooto的同义句：tooto= notenough to = sothatHe is so young that he cant go to school .=He isnt _ _ to go school .=He is _ young _ go to school .The box is too heavy for us to carry .The box isnt _ _ to carry =The box is _ heavy _ we _ carry it .考点5.called 的同义句：called = named = with the name (of)Do you know the girl called Kate ?=Do you know the girl _Kate ?=Do you know the girl _ _ _ (of)Kate ?考点6.see sb do sth 、see sb doing sth的区别1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事The teacher saw the students _(read) English when he came in .Look！Can you see the girl _(dance) under the tree ?注：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上toI often notice him go home alone .-He is noticed _ _ home alone.考点7.at the age of 的同义句：at the age of = when sb was/ were .He began to learn English when he was four.=He began to learn English _ _ _ _ four.考点8.take part in / join 的区别：1.take part in 表示参加某项活动，运动，事件等。着重强调以主人翁的姿态或在活动中负有责任而参加。2.join表示加入组织，团体，党派而成为其中一员。注：join sb in . 表示“参与某人的活动之中”He _ the Party in 1987.Can you come and _us in the game ?Twenty students from our class _the sports meeting last week.考点9.句型：Sb +be the first /last one (person) +to do sth某人是第一个或最后一个干某事Women and children are the first _（take）to safety .考点10.because / because of 的区别：1.because 后面接从句（除what 从句之外）。2.because of 后面接名词、代词、名词性短语、what从句。He didnt go to the party because he was ill.He didnt go to the party _ _ his _.She was very angry _what you said .A. because B. because of C./ D. with考点11.keep的用法：1.keep +adj 表示保持某种状态Keep _ , The baby is sleeping .2.keep +sb/sth +adj 表示使某人保持某种状态We must keep our classroom _ .3.keep doing sth . 表示不间断地持续做某事或一直做某事。It kept _(rain) all night .4.keep on doing sth 表示反复做某事。He kept on _(make)the same mistakes.5.keep +sb +doing sth 表示让某人一直做某事。He kept us _ (wait )for an hour .6.keep +sb from +doing sth 表示阻止某人干某事。= stop sb (from )doing sth = prevend sb (from )doing sth .Because of the heavy rain , we could go to school.= The heavy rain _ us from _to school.考点12.visit 的用法：1.词性转换：visit -visitorThere are many _(visit )in the park on Mays Day .2.词组1).be on a visit to +某地 = visit +某地 2).ones first visit to +某地 表示某人第一次参观某地He is visiting China .= He is _ _ _ to China.This is my first visit to Beijing .注：travel to +某地Have you traveled to Shanghai ?考点13.alive / living 的区别：1.alive指活的、现存的、有活力的。常作表语，也可放在名词或代词之后作后置定语。2.living指活着的、现行的、现存的。可作表语，也可放在名词前作定语。He thinks he is the happiest man _.The _people must remember the dead.八年级上 Unit10-Unit12一重点短语：1.grow up 2.somewhere interesting 3.a year or two / one or two years4.make money 5.save money 6.more than = over 7.play sports 8.keep fitmunicate with 10.take out 11.do the dishes 12.do chores 13.do the laundry 14.make the bed 15.living room 16.get a ride = get sb a ride 17.go to a meeting = have a meeting 18.work on 19.take sb for a walk 20.close to / near to 21.in town /in the country /in the city 22.do a survey of 23.the price of puter programmer25.take acting lesson 26.a part-time job 27.play an instrument28.make the soccer ream29.New Years resolution 30.sweep the froor31.fold your clothes 32.have a good quality clothes二考点归纳：考点1.exercise 的用法：1.作名词讲：1).作“运动、训练、锻炼”讲，为不可数名词。 2).作“练习、习题、体操（常用复数形式）”讲，为可数名词。You should take more _ and drink more water.We do morning _ every day ,but we dont do eye _ .2.作动词讲：锻炼、运动The old man always _(exercise )every day.考点2.borrow/ lend /keep 的区别：1.borrow :对主语而言，表示“借进”词组：borrow sb sth = borrow sth fro m sb2.lend: 对主语而言，表示“借出”词组：lend sb sth = lend sth to sb3.keep: 借多长时间词组：keep +sth +for +一段时间注：borrow / lend 的延续性动词是：keepMay I _ them _ you ?=Could you _ them _ me ?How long can I _ the book ?A.lend B.borrow C.keep考点3.ask的用法：1.ask sb for sth :向某人要某物I often ask my teacher for help .2.ask sb about sth . 向某人询问某事。May I ask you about the accident ?3.ask sb sth . 问某人某物May I ask you some questions ?4.ask sb to do sth .叫某人干某事-ask sb not do sthMy father often asks me _(not play)computer games.考点4.price的用法：1.price的修饰词为high/ low.注：价格有高低，物品有贵贱，花费有多少。The trousers are expensive .= The price of the trousers _ _ .= The trousers _me _.2.询问价格的句型：Whats the price of .?How much is /are .?How much does it cost ?考点5.enough的用法：enough修饰名词时,可置于名词前面或后面。修饰形容词或副词时，只可放在形容词或副词的后面。I have enough money /money enough to buy the book.= I _ _ to buy the book.He is so tall that he can reach the apple .He is _ _ to reach the apple .考点6.英语中的惯用法：在英语中，时间、距离、钱作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Three years _(be)not a long time .Three hundred yuan a night _(be) expen- -sive.考点7.invite的用法：1.词性转换：invite- - 名词 invitationThanks for your _(invite )2.invite sb to. 邀请某人参加.3.invite sb to do sth 邀请某人干某事Can I invite you _(play )basketball with me?考点8.feed的用法：1.feed +sb /sth . 喂某人/某东西Can you feed my cat while I am away ?2.feed sth to sb/ sth 把某东西喂给某人或某物I feed a bottle of milk to th e baby every day.3.feed on 以为主食People feed on rice .4.be fed up with 厌倦.I am fed up with the life of the city .考点9.send 的用法：1.send sb sth = send sth to sb 把某物送给某人He sent me a postcard yesterday. =He sent a postcard _ _ yesterday.2.词组：1).send for sb 派人去请某人来 = ask sb to comeHis mother was badly ill .please send for a doctor .=His mother was badly ill .please _ a doctor _ _ .2).send up 发射、往上送3).send away 开除、撵走考点10.save的用法：1.储存、储蓄We are saving money for a car.2.挽救、援救The doctor saved the patients life.3.节约、节省They saved much time in their work .4.词组：save ones life save time考点11.cloth / clothes / clothing 的区别：1.cloth作不可数名词，指布料、织物。作可数名词，指一块布，尤指一块抹布。2.clothes只有复数形式，泛指穿着的衣服。3.clothing为集合名词，指服装。比clothes 意思更广泛，包括鞋子、帽子等。I need an old _ to wash the car .The woman wears fashionable _.Chinas _ industry(工业)is famous around the world.