高考英语模拟卷(三)知识讲解.doc

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高考模拟卷（三）
本试卷共三部分，满分135分（120×1.125）。考试时间120分钟。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Special Programs
Career Stories
What do you want to be when growing up? Hear first-hand from four Science Centre staff on the different career paths they have taken. Our real-life role models share their experiences
and demonstrate that pathways to success, while unique to everyone, are based on the development of 21st century competencies and a commitment to lifelong learning.
Duration: 60 minutes
Time: 10:30-11:30
Dates: May 13 & 27, 2018
Price: $15 per student
Climate Change
Understand the complex connections between human activity, greenhouse  gases, heat transfer and climate change. Investigate past climate data , see ocean acidification in action and compare Canada to the world. Use a physical climate model to test whether you can stabilize the Earth’s climate.
Duration: 45 minutes
Times: 10-10:45, 11-11:45, 12-12:45, 1-1:45 and 2-2:45
Dates: June 18, 23 & 24, 2018
Price: $10 per student
Characteristics of Electricity
Witness the power of electricity with shocking demonstrations. From Galvani to Tesla, re discover the practical applications of current, circuits and resistance. Understand how electric energy is generated, and be a part of a human electric circuit. Get energized with a sparktacular static electric discharge（静电释放）!
Duration: 55 minutes
Time: 11-11:55
Dates: July 24, 2018
Price: $10 per student
Mental Health: The Science of Anxiety
Your heart is racing, your mouth is dry and your stomach is in knots! Don’t worry, everyone
feels anxious sometimes. Explore what’s really going on in our brains when we experience anxiety, how it affects our bodies and why stress can sometimes be a good thing. This presentation explains how our brains and bodies react to stress, while introducing students to evidencebased approaches. Mental health applies to everyone — we can all take steps to enjoy life and deal with the challenges you face each day!
Duration: 45 minutes
Times: 11-11:45
Dates: August 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11, 2018
Price: $10 per student
21. What do we know about the program Career Stories?
A. It offers tips on lifelong learning. B. It is presented with moral stories.
C. It is based on first hand experiences. D. It provides practical pathways to success.
22. Which of the programs is available in June?
A. Career Stories. B. Climate Change.
C. Characteristics of Electricity. D. Mental Health: The Science of Anxiety.
23. What can you acquire in Mental Health: The Science of Anxiety?
A. How mental concerns are handled. B. How electric energy is generated.
C. How a human electric circuit develops. D. How extreme feelings affect our bodies.
B
If your cat often waits too long outside a t the door waiting to be let in, what would you do? Arkaitz Garro, a WeTransfer software engineer in Holland, decided to use his skills to solve the problem. Instead of setting up a good old catflap（猫洞） on his door, he went for a more hightech solution involving artificial intelligence, motiondetection sensors, face recognition software and a messaging app. It may be overkill, but Arkait z claims that it only took him a few hours to do it, as all the hardware and software he used are readily available.
It all started a few years ago, when Garro and his wife spotted a cat in their back balcony. Not knowing if it had been abandoned, lost by its owner, or simply homeless, they took it in, but also posted some pictures of it around their neighborhood, in case someone was looking for it.
“We found out that the cat had an owner, just a few houses away and he was very happy to‘share’ the cat with us. Now it has two families who love him,” Arkaitz said.“So, he has developed a schedule to come at around specific times.”
The problem was that neither Garro nor his wife could simply stand by the door waiting for it to show up, so he came up with a device（装置） made up of a minicomputer complete with a camera that would use motiondetection（运动检测） and imagerecognition AI software to
automatically identify the cat and then message him so he could let the animal in.
“We just want to be notified when he is around,” Arkaitz explained.“When it detects movement, it sends the picture to a recognition software, which checks against the identity of the cat based on previous imagery of the cat.”
“It took me just a few hours to put all the pieces together and the software up and running, but some more time after to fine tune the software to be able to recognize the cat,”
Arkaitz said, but in the end it proved to be effective.
24. What did Arkaitz Garro think of his invention?
A. It was moneysaving B. It was ecofriendly. C. It was timeconsuming. D. It was easily made.
25. Why di d Arkaitz Garro and his wife put up some pictures of the cat?
A. To seek a shelter for it. B. To find its true owner.
C. To look for a potential buyer. D. To advertise its presence to its companions.
26. How does Arkaitz’s system check against his cat’s identity?
A. By matching its image. B. By identifying its smell. C. By measuring its size. D. By recognizing its voice.
27. What is the last step of Arkaitz’s system when it works?
A. Send a message. B. Send the picture.
C. Detect movement. D. Require identification.
C
Cameron is no ordinary dog, and not just because he was born on Valentine’s Day. To Maggie, a firstgrader at Burgundy Farm Country Day School, the dog who spends most days on campus is more like a friend. When Cameron is near, Maggie feels“really, really, happy,” she said.“I feel safe around him,” she added.“He’ll lie down and ask me to scratch his tummy,” she explained, because Cameron likes Maggie.
Cameron is one of a handful of dogs at Burgundy, a K8 private day school in Alexandria, Virginia. Dogs started showing up there when the head of school, Jeff Sindler, brought his clumsy Labrador, Luke, to the main office building where Sindler works. After Luke died, Sindler adopted Cameron and brought him to campus, too, where the dog Maggie described as “really cute” became a school favorite.
“They don’t care if you’re good at basketball, or a great reader, or popular,” Sindler said. “They just want to be loved — equal opportunity,” he added. Cameron and the other dogs on campus — always fastened with a rope and with their owner — go a long way toward improving students’ social and emotional wellbeing, he said. They reduce tension and ease anxiety, and inspire happy feelings from students.
“They bring out some superbasic and important emotions,” he said,“and are especially helpful for children and adults who struggle in social communication.” Children often came from challenging backgrounds: many lived in poverty, or had to travel through dangerous neighborhoods to get to school, or shared a toocrowded home. When these emotionally needy children met the dogs, they relaxed and were more prepared to learn.
Just as important,  dogs on school grounds set a posit ive,  welcoming  tone. They help preserve the school climate that is accepting, supportive and curious.“Dogs are one way to hold on to that,” Sindler said, adding that“schools should be fun and exciting, and dogs can be a big part of that.”
For Sindler, including  Cameron was all part of an effort to create a safe environment where learning could flourish.
28. What makes the dog Cameron really special?
A. His rare category. B. His particular birthmark.
C. His attractive appearance. D. His companionable nature.
29. How do dogs on campus improve students’ social and emotional wellbeing?
A. By playing fetch together fondly. B. By offering them comfort equally.
C. By playing basketball together freely. D. By walking a long way together happily.
30. What does the underlined word“that” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A positive tone. B. The school ground.
C. A welcoming attitude.D. The school atmosphere.
31. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage schools to bring in more dogs.
B. To explain why dogs help students with learning.
C. To introduce a way to help students grow healthily. 
D. To explore the possibility to challenge nodog rules.
D
People who risk their lives to save strangers do so without deliberation, according to a Yaleled analysis of statements from more than 50 recognized civilian heroes published online Oct. 15 in the journal PLOS ONE.
“We wonder if people who act with extreme altruism（利他主义） do so without thinking, or if conscious selfcontrol is needed to override negative emotions like fear,” said David Rand, a Yale psychologist who authored the study with Ziv G. Epstein of Pomona College in Claremont, Calif.“Our analyses show that strongly, extreme altruists report acting first and thinking later.”
Rand, who studies human cooperation, got hundreds of participants to read 51 statements made by individuals who have received the Carnegie Hero Medal, given to civilians who risk their lives to save strangers. Participants  analyzed those statements for evidence of whether they acted intuitively or with deliberation. An analysis of text by computer did the same.
“What you don’t find in the statements is people who say,‘I thought it over and I decided it was the right thing to do,’” Rand said.
Instead, most responded like Christine Marty, a 21yearold college student who rescued a 69year old trapped in a car during a flashflood.
“I’m thankful I was able to act and not think about it,” Marty said in a statement.
The findings are consistent with Ra nd’s previous studies of cooperation in“economic games,” where participants choose whether or not to share resources. In these studies, subjects
forced to think carefully tend to be selfish while those using intuition（直觉） are more likely to be cooperative.
Rand cautions that intuitive responses are not necessarily genetically hardcoded. He believes people learn that helping others is often in their own longterm selfinterest and develop intuitive habits of cooperation, rather than possessing an inborn tendency preserved byevolution.
“The best evolutionary outcome is to be able to learn, adapting to whether you were born into a situation where it is typically good to cooperate or to be selfish,” he said.
32. What conclusion was drawn from David Rand’s study?
A. Heroes help without thinking. B. Heroes offer help on purpose.
C. Heroes have a better selfcontrol. D. Heroes think carefully before they act.
33. How did Rand conduct his study?
A. By analysing heroes’ life stories. B. By interviewing heroes on the spot.
C. By studying heroes’ opinions about their behaviors. D. By keeping track of heroes’ conscious selfcontrol.
34. What can we infer about Rand’s opinion on heroes’ behavior?
A. It is inborn. B. It is acquired.
C. It is wellplanned. D. It is halfborn and halfmade.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How heroes stepped out of danger
B. How heroes help others out of trouble
C. Heroes don’t deliberate before they act
D. Heroes deserve the Carnegie Hero Medal
第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to reduce plastic waste
Plastic is found in virtually everything these days. Your food is packaged in it. Your car, phone and computer are made from it.   36   . While most plastics  are advertised  as recyclable, the reality is that they’re“downcycled.”
Luckily, there are simple steps you can take to dramatically decrease the amount of plastic waste you produce.37
One of the easiest ways to keep plastic out of the landfill is to refuse plastic straws. Simply inform your waiter or waitress that you don’t need one, and make sure to state this clearly when ordering at a drivethru. Can’t stand giving up the convenience of straws?   38  . Restaurants are less likely to bring you a plastic one if they see that you’ve brought your own.
Use reusable produce bags
About one million plastic bags are used every minute. A single plastic bag can take 1,000 years to degrade. If you’re already bringing reusable bags to the grocery store, you’re on theright track. Purchase some reusable produce bags and help keep even more plastic out of the landfill. However, avoid those bags made from nylon or polyeste（聚酯纤维）.   39  .
Use matches
  40  if you need to light a candle, build a campfire or start a fire for any other reason.
These cheap plastic devices sit in landfills for years and have even been found in dead birds’ stomachs. If you can’t bear to part with your lighter, pick up a refillable metal one to help cut down on waste.
A. Say no to straws
B. Choose cotton ones instead
C. Don’t use plastic container
D. Choose matches over plastic lighters
E. Most restaurants will have no problem with it
F. And you might even chew on it daily in the form of gum
G. Purchase a reusable stainless steel or glass drinking straw
第三部 分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 55 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处
的最佳选项。
At his graduation ceremony, my younger brother Peter presented me with a rose. I was trying to look  41  , but I had just had a major disagreement with my friend. I felt like a fading flower as I stood there,  42  three of his friends around: Jen, Beth and Angelika. They were all   43  . Jen was leaving for Kansas the next day, and she cried as she   44   Peter goodbye. One of the rosebuds in her dress must have come   45  and fallen to the ground as they were hugging. With the girls walking away,
Peter  46  down and picked it up. The rose lay there in his  47  , for the taking.“For you, Maria.” I couldn’t help smiling. It was so   48  of him to know how to make things better.
In my  49  , Peter knows flowers. When we had moved into our present  50  outside Philadelphia, a rosebush was lying against the back fence, leafless. Daddy was   51  to dig it up and plant a new one, but Peter wouldn’t   52  him.
“Son, look how dry that is,” said Dad,  53  a branch,“all in the inside there.”
Peter told Dad to give him  54  a few weeks and bent next to the bush,  55  his fingers over the dirt at its base. Then Peter launched a（n）   56  operation for it. Early in June a single blossom（花朵） turned red among green leaves. That was when I first  57  Peter had  a gift for flowers.
Now when Peter passed me that  58  , I felt all my troubles faded into the background.
59  would be OK tomorrow, and 60  it didn’t — well, it would.
As always, Peter knew how to make things better.
41. A. cheerful      B. upset            C. honest       D. bored
42. A. patting  B. missing  C. inviting  D. greeting
43. A. disappointed  B. wonderful  C. sad  D. enthusiastic
44. A. hugged  B. waved  C. said  D. offered
45. A. alive  B.