高中英语必修四第1-5单元重点词汇及语法(完整版)学习资料.doc

高中英语必修四第1-5单元重点词汇及语法(完整版)精品文档Unit 1 Women of achievement1achieve v. 完成，达到；实现，获得 achievement：n.完成；达到；成绩；成就e.g He will never achieve anything if he doesnt work hard.不努力工作他什么也做不成。 The company has achieved a 100% increase in profitability.这个公司在利润方面获得了百分之百的增长We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain.当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种很大的成就感。2connection: 联系；关系；连接物；连接，联结(with/between) Pl. 亲属；亲戚e.g There is a strong connection between smoking and heart disease.吸烟和心脏病之间有很大的联系。 The company has a connection with a number of Japanese firms.这个公司和日本的好多公司有联系。This town has very good road and railway connections with the coast.这个小镇和海岸之间有着很好的公路及铁路连接。 She s English but she has Irish connections.她是英格兰人但她有爱尔兰的亲戚。in connection with: 有关e.g In connection with your request of March 3, we are sorry to tell you that we cant give you a reply until the manager comes back next week.关于你三月三日的请求，很抱歉地告诉你直到下 周经理回来我们才能给你答复。3devote to 献身于;致力于；把奉献于 devoted: adj. 忠实的 devotion: n. 热爱，忠诚e.g He has devoted all his life to helping blind people. 他一生都在帮助盲人。 He is my devoted friend. He is also devoted to his wife.他是我忠实的朋友，他对自己的妻子也很忠诚。4behave: v. 行为，表现 behavior :n. e.g She has been behaving rather oddly. 他举止很奇怪。 Behave yourself.做你自己。5worthwhile : adj. 值得的e.g We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the ticket.我们等了很久，不过很值得，因为我们得到了票。 worthwhile: 值得花时间/精力/金钱 worth: 值得尊敬的/重视的 be worth+ n. /doing worthy: （表语形容词）值得的 be worthy of +n./being done;be worthy to be done 1). This vase was _ five hundred francs at the most. 2). Everybody has roots. It is _ to search for his roots. 3). She proved herself a _ successor of the former champion. 4). This book is well _ reading and it is _ of being read a second time.Keys: 1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worthy 4). worth; worthy6observe: v. 看到，注意到；遵守/奉行 observe sb. do/doing sth. observe thate.g I observed a stranger going into the house.我看见一个陌生人走进这个房子。 Do you often observe the speed limit?7respect: n. v. 尊敬，尊重e.g We should respect each other. 我们应该互相尊重respectful: 恭敬的，对人有礼的 respectable; 受/被人尊重e.g He is a respectful student. He respects the teachers.他是个对人有礼貌的学生，他尊敬老师。 He is respectable teacher. He is respected by all his students.他是个受人尊敬的老师，他所有学生都尊重他。8argue 争论；辩论；说服Argument: n. 争论，辩论argue for / argue against 主张反对 argue about sth. 争论某事argue with sb. 和某人争论 argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事e.g He often argues with me.他常和我争论。e.g She argued him into/out of leaving his job.她说服他离职。e.g His argument doesnt hold water.他的争论站不住脚。9inspire 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感 inspire sb. to do 激励某人做某事inspired adj有灵感的 inspiringadj.激励人心的 inspiration: n. 灵感e.g He tried to inspire them to make greater efforts.他试着鼓励它们做出更大努力。eg. His speech inspired us greatly. 他的演讲大大地鼓舞了我们。eg. The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel.他对童年的记忆促成了他第一部小说。10support : v. 承受；支撑；抚养，资助；赞成，支持；supporter: n. 支持者e.g Do you think those shelves can support so many books?你认为那些架子能承受这么多书吗？She needs a high income to support such a large family.她需要高收入来养活这一大家子。Do you support their demands of independence? 你支持他们独立的要求吗？e.g Im a strong supporter of womens rights.我是女权的强烈支持者。11deliver: v. 传送；把.踢向；发表，宣布；给接生 delivery: n.e.g Letters are delivered every day.信件每天都会传送。 She delivered a hard kick to his knee.她狠狠地踢了他膝盖一下。 The doctor delivered her baby.医生给她接生。12mean的用法 mean doing sth. 意味着做 mean to do sth 打算做某事eg. Doing such a thing means wasting time. 做这样的事儿就是浪费时间eg. Do you mean to go without money? 没有钱你也打算走吗？13wander的用法 1）可以解释为漫步，逛，常与about搭配 e.g We love wandering about the hills 我们喜欢在山上漫步。2）还可以解释为脱离，迷失 e.g Dont wander off the point 不要离题。14“Only + 状语”开头的句子要用倒装 eg. Only in this way can we learn English better.只有用这种方法才能把英语学更好。Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误 15work out算出；进行；发展；理解，说出；制定，拟定eg. I cant work out the meaning of the poem.我不理解这首诗的意思。 Things have worked out badly. 事情进展得很糟糕。 work out his income. 算出他的收入 work out a plan 制定计划16have/ has been doing 现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去就已开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去 eg. He has been reading since this morning.今早起，他一直在看书 He is very tired; he has been working hard all day .他很累，他一整天都在努力工作He has been writing a letter.他一直在写信 He has written a letter.他已写过信了【语法精讲】：主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用and连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。We each has something to say.我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a/one +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, 6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire. 大火过后这些受伤的人被救了。(三) 就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。Unit 2 the working land1. struggle for sb/sth 为某人/某事奋斗 All the communists should struggle for the communism all their life. 所有的共产主义者都要为共产主义事业奋斗终身。2. decade n十年，十年期During the last decade，great changes took place in this city.过去十年，这个城市发生了很大的变化3. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的土地增产三分之一成为可能。 make itto do sth 使做某事4.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了写方法。 1）thanks to 由于，多亏。通常用于好的方面 owing to 由于。可以做状语和表语，在做状语时一般要在该状语后面加上逗号 due to由于。做状语时一般不置于句首，也可以做表语和定语。 because of由于，因为。应用最广，也更口语化。 Eg：Owing to his careless driving, we had a bad accident.由于他驾驶疏忽，我们发生了次大车祸 Your failure is due to negligence.你的失败是由于疏忽所造成的。 Because of his wifes being there,I said nothing about it.因为他妻子在场，我对此事只字未提 2） rid of 摆脱，除去 get rid of 摆脱 eg：It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit.去掉一种坏习惯是很不容易的5. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出的粮食是以前的两倍。 倍数+as +adj.（large/many/beautiful，etc）+as 是的几倍（大/多/漂亮.，等等）Eg：This room is as large as that one. 这间房和那间一样大。 The population is 1.5 times as large as that of a decade ago.人口是十年前的1.5倍。6. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous.袁博士很满意他的生活，但他对自己的成名却不在乎。 1）satisfy v 使满意 Eg：The answer doesnt satisfy him.这个回答不让他满意。 satisfied adj. 满意的，满足的 ，常修饰人 be satisfied with 对感到满意 eg：His is greatly satisfied with her work. 他对她的工作很满意。 satisfying adj.令人满足的, 令人满意的，常修饰物 eg：That performance seems satisfying.那个表现看起来令人满意。 satisfaction n.满意，满足 eg：His words showed his great satisfaction. 他的话显示他很满意。 2）care about sth/doing sth 对关心，在乎，感兴趣Eg：He doesnt care about his sons study.他不关心他儿子的学习。7.He would rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上 would rather do （than do） 宁愿做某事eg：He would rather stay at home than go shopping 他宁愿呆在家也不愿意去购物。 rather than 与其宁愿 eg：Rather than cause trouble, he left. 为了不引起麻烦，他离开了。ratherthan 是而不是eg：This is rather for father to decide than for you. 这应该由爸爸决定而不是由你来决定had / would rather 宁愿eg：Id rather stay here a couple of days. 我想在这儿再呆几天注意：“had / would rather 宁愿”后跟从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即过去式would / had ratherthan 宁愿而不愿 eg：Id much rather deal with a man than with a woman. 我愿意和男人打交道，不愿和女人打交道。8. regret to do sth忘了做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做某事 eg：I regret to give the book to him.我忘了把书给他。 I regret giving the book to him. 我后悔把书给他了。9.build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 He has built up a good business over the years.这几年他逐渐把声音做大了。10.lead to 1）导致，造成（后悔）， His carelessness lead to the failure.他的粗心导致了这次失败。2）通向，导向 This road leads to the woods. 这条路通向树林。11.focus on 集中（注意力，精力等）于 Eg：All his energy is focused on the research.他所有精力都集中在这项研究上。12. prefer sth/doing sth （to sth/doing sth） 选择（而不是） Eg：I prefer singing to dancing.我选择唱歌而不是跳舞。prefer to do （rather than do）更喜欢做 She prefers to study at home than go to shop. 与其去商店，她更愿意在家写作业。 Unit 3 A Taste of English Humour1. humour n.幽默，滑稽a sense of humor 幽默感2. up to now 直到现在eg：Up to now nobody has claimed this suitcase.到目前为止还没人认领这个行李箱。3. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.当人们感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到比较满足。feel/be content with 对。感到满意 eg：She feels quite content with her life.她对她的生活相当满意。4. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.你可能会感到惊奇，查理一会说话大人就较他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞了。astonishing 令人吃惊的， astonished （人）感到吃惊的e.g His astionshed look showed that the question is much too astionshing.他那吃惊的表情表明这个问题太令人吃惊了。5. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off不幸的是他父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加困难. badly off 穷的 ，境况差的 比较级为worse off eg：They are not so badly off.他们并不是那么穷。 I went to his home and found he was worse off than I had thought.我去他家发现比我想得还要穷6.entertain v.使欢乐，款待 entertainment n.娱乐活动 entertaining adi.愉快的，有趣的 eg：His subtle performance made everything entertaining.他微妙的表演让所有的东西都有趣起来。7.Like many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success.像其他许多人一样，这个小流浪汉和他的朋友们也赶到那儿去寻找金子，可是没成功。in search of 寻找eg：He went out in search of his missing dog.他出去找他丢失的狗。8.Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.查理首先跳出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。 as if/though 就像似的；好像 eg：They treated the boy as if he were their own child.他们对待这个男孩就像他是自己亲生的一样。9.pick out 挑出；辨别出 eg：Im going to pick out a few books to send to some friends in South China. 我将挑选几本书寄给华南的几个朋友。 Phrases： pick off 摘掉，摘下；取走，拿掉 pick up 拾起；抱起；（无意中）学会； 见到；听出，收听到；搭载 ；拾起；抱起 pick on选中；挑出 eg：Dont pick off any of these flowers. 这些花一朵也不要采摘。 The children picked up many sea shells at the seashore.孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。 Well send the ambulance to pick him up. 我们要派一辆救护车把他接走。 He always picks on small points to criticize他老是吹毛求疵10.cut off切断，断绝 cut down 杀死（某人）、砍到 cut back 减少、削减cut in 发动、打断、插嘴 cut out 突然熄火、停止运转eg：He had a finger cut off by a machine while working.他在工作时被机器切掉了一个手指。 They made all their best to cut down that big tree.他们竭尽全力砍到那棵树。Cut out the engine, will you? 把发动机关掉好吗?11.Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed，and produced the films he starred in.卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。 star 用作动词，表示“主演” eg：She has starred in a lot of good films.她主演了好多好电影。 12.play on words 玩文字游戏 【语法精讲】：动词-ing形式动名词(gerund)相当于是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.1）动名词作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）动名词作宾语 Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗? The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 3）动名词作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 4）动名词作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词分词作定语 We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里 There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西 分词作状语 Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。 连词+分词（短语） While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. 分词作补语 ：通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如： I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。 分词作表语 ：表示