北师大版高中英语选修8word版本.doc

北师大版高中英语选修8Unit 22 Environmental Protection单元目标类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题1. Read an article on global warming and identify missing information in a text.2. Talk about environmental issues in the world today.3. Listen to and take notes from a lecture and a radio interview.4. Write a report about the environment.5. Revise reported speech and practise vocabulary relating to global warming, natural disasters and endagered animals.词汇consensus, bounce, agriculture, coincidence, condemn, reservation, sacrifice, advocate, relevant, trap, drought, substitude, conservation, extinct, habitat, preserve, basically, mainland, seize, enforce, fashionable, environment, rare, destruction, endangered, earthquake, flood, hurricane, landslide, tsunami, grand, scale, slide, slip, appropriate, current, allocate, soundproof, valid, calculate, lifestyle, appreciate, criticise, spectacular, fabric, glow, acclaim, luminous, translucent, suspend, feat, dismantle, fund, release, renewable, log, deforest, marine, awareness, luxury, maiden, trigger, devastate, sunbatherspeed up, global warming, look ahead, cut down, switch off, get worse, wrap up, have access to, thanks to, pile up, sweep away功能1. so that2. Thats why3. I mean, basically, 4. And I think, because of that5. Thats the reason why6. One reason theyre poor is语法1. Reported Speech2. The Passive精讲精析Lesson 1 Global Warming要点精析1. consensus n. 一致；舆论；合意We have reached a consensus after a long discussion.经过长时间的讨论，我们达成了一致意见。They reached a consensus; nobody disagreed with the decision.他们对此意见达成一致共识，无人不同意。So it is for the human species, so it is for earth as a consensus.对人类物种而言如此，对地球作为一致实相而言也是如此。Communion is also possible for those who are ascending in the New Consensus.对那些正在新一致实相中提升的人类交流也是可能的。This issue is so controversial that people can hardy reach an absolute consensus.这个问题是那么有争议，人们很难达成绝对的一致。There is now nearly a national consensus that the country faces significant problems.现在几乎全国一致认为国家面临者严重的问题。2. bounce n. 弹力；活力；跳 vt. 弹跳；使弹起 vi. 弹起，反跳；弹跳；弹回Tokyo was preparing for a sudden bounce today.今天东京在为股市反弹做预备。Success is how high you bounce when you hit bottom.成功就是在你落到底时你你能跳起多高。Each bounce of the red vines gives birth to a child.当红色的蔓藤轻弹大地时，新的生命诞生了。 Instead, they tend to bounce around and get reflected off of surfaces.甚至，他们更容易到处反弹和被表面反射。3. agriculture n. 农业；农艺，农学These colleges would teach agriculture, engineering and military science.这些大学将教授农业、工程以及军事科学。Irrigation, which is the lifeblood of agriculture, also merits close attention.水利是农业的命脉，我们也应予以极大的注意。Leisure agriculture is a new kind of industry which combined agriculture with tourism.摘要休闲农业是农业和旅游业结合所形成的新兴产业。The key to apply information in agriculture is the talent of agricultural information.农业信息化的关键在于应用,而应用的关键在于人才。Texture applications are widely used in military, industry, agriculture and medical areas.纹理研究已广泛应用于军事、工业、农业、医疗等方面。Now, agriculture department officials are trying to decide whether fish can be called organic.如今，农业部官员们正在考虑是否可将鱼类列入有机产品。4. coincidence n. 巧合；一致；同时发生Is this all just some cosmic coincidence?难道这一切只是宇宙巧合吗？Some people say the deaths were just coincidence.有人说所有那些死亡只是巧合.This fortune doesnt exist, it is only a coincidence.这种运气是不存在的，只是碰巧发生了而已。Is there any coincidence between his opinions and yours?你和他之间的观点有什么地方一致么？Lots of things happen by mere coincidence in this world.世界上往往有许多巧事，是你没有想到的。That kind of luck is not real and only happens by coincidence.这种运气是不存在的，只是碰巧发生了而已。Its no coincidence that elephants, like the other animals that pass the test, have complex social systems.大象和其他那些通过实验的动物都具复杂的社交行为，这一事实并不是巧合。It was a coincidence that we were thinking about contacting your company concerning future business prospects.正巧我们正在考虑与贵公司联络商讨今后业务合作的可能性。5. condemn vt. 判刑，定罪；谴责；声讨Some praise him, whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。If a child lives with criticism, he learns to condemn.生活在批评中，孩子学会的是指责。 If you knew him, you wouldnt be so quick to condemn him.如果你认识他，你就不会这么快去谴责他。卡萨诺瓦Even so, Malfurion could not condemn his brother to death.尽管如此，玛法里奥并没有判处他的弟弟死刑。 I notice many articles which condemn bad money on the net!我在网上注意到不少抨击不差钱的文章！6. reservation n. 保留；预约，预订Do you have a reservation, sir/madam?请问您有预订吗，先生/女士？Do we need a reservation at your restaurant?你们餐馆需要预定餐位吗?Could I take your name and the reservation NO.?请告诉我您的姓名和预订号码好吗?Could you connect me with the reservation office?你能帮我连线预约的办事处吗？I will arrive a little late, please keep my reservation!我会晚一点到达，请保留我所预订的房间。7. sacrifice n. 牺牲；供奉；祭品 vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售 vi. 献祭；奉献True love is willing to sacrifice oneself.爱以至舍己才是真正的爱。 I never thought you would make such sacrifice.我决没想过要妳做出这样的牺牲。We know how to work, to sacrifice, and to fight.我们懂得如何去工作,去战斗,去作出牺牲。A mother would sacrifice her life for her children.母亲愿意为自己的孩子操劳一生.Many mothers sacrifice themselves to their families.许多母亲为其家庭而作出牺牲。Success in your job is not worth the sacrifice of your health.以牺牲健康来求得工作上的成功是不值得的。 If you want to protect your comrades, sometimes, there has to be a sacrifice.如果你想保护你的同志,有的时候是需要作出牺牲的.8. advocate vt. 提倡，主张，拥护 n. 提倡者；支持者；律师The Chinese people are advocate of peace.中国人民都是和平的拥护者.This judge is a strong advocate of prison reform .这位法官是监狱改革的坚决拥护者。We advocate using smaller container to pack the goods.我们主张用小容器包装这批货物。No matter what other people say, I still advocate monogamic relationships.不管别人怎么说，我还是喜欢一攻一受的配对。 9. relevant adj. 有关的；中肯的；有重大作用的Please collect the relevant data.请收集有关的资料。 If you see products from endangered species on sale, inform the relevant authorities.如果您看到有人出售濒危物种制品，请通知有关当局。Problems in the sliding-parameter shutdown process and relevant solutions are analyzed.分析了滑参数停机过程中存在的问题及解决方法。Failure to take consideration of the relevant situation would make the future transactions lose.如果不考虑这些相关情况，我们将来的交易就会受到损失。School does not have the right to an administrative penalty of relevant government departments, come from a fine of power?学校并非具有行政处罚权的有关政府部门，又从何而来的罚款的权力呢？10. trap vt. 诱捕；使受限制；使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；圈套；存水弯 vi. 设陷阱Air will pass through the trap.空气将通过疏水阀。The hunter baited the trap.猎人在陷阱中设饵。 As time went on, Susan found herself in a trap from which she could not escape.随着时间的推移，苏珊发现自己落入了一个无法逃脱的陷阱。 These materials include clothing and hair, which have air spaces that readily trap oxygen.这些材料包括衣服和头发，它们内部的空间很容易储存氧。11. drought n. 干旱；缺乏The drought threatened the whole crop .干旱威胁着所有的庄稼。 We must conserve water during the drought.干旱期间我们必须节约用水。One cause of the current food crisis is drought.导致当前粮食危机的一个原因就是干旱。During the drought some households had their water supply cut off.在干旱期间有些住户的自来水供应被中断。Disastrous weather have drought, floods, frost, hail and strong winds.灾害性天气有干旱、洪涝、霜冻、冰雹和大风。For the past two years, Australias wheat harvest has been lowered by drought.在过去的两年中，因为干旱澳大利亚的小麦生产产量降低。12. substitude n. 代替者；代用品 vi. 替代 vt. 代替They are developing a substitute for the medicine.他们正在研制一种该药的替代品. The cookbook tell us the honey substitute for sugar.在这个食谱中,可用蜂蜜代替食糖.More and more companies in many countries use computers as a substitute for men.在许多国家有越来越多的公司使用电子计算机来代替人。It can be compared to a car seatbelta precaution, but no substitute for safe driving.这可以同轿车安全带相类比是一项预防，但它并不能取代安全驾驶。More and more companies in many country used the electricity computers substitute for human .在许多国家有越来越多的公司使用电子计算机来代替人。13. speed up 加速；使加速He had to speed up the engine.他得把发动机的速度加快。We should speed up the construction pace.我们应当加快施工进度。We had to speed up to meet the new targets.为了达到新的目标,我们必须加快速度。Installation of these machines will speed up production fifty per cent.装备这些机器可以使生产速度加快百分之五十。Measures should be taken to speed up the construction and get on schedule.你们应采取措施加快施工进度，以便按合同期限完成工程。It is significant to speed up the process of urbanization in present China.摘要现阶段加快我国城市化进程具有重要的政策意义。14. global warming 全球变暖The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.全球变暖的终极解决办法有赖于新技术。Scientists said that because of his excessive human behavior resulted in todays global warming!科学家说因为人类自己过度的行为造成了今天的全球气候变暖！So more steel mills and chemical plants mean more acid rain and smog, not to mention global warming.更多的钢铁厂及化工厂意味着更多的酸雨，更多烟雾，更不用说对全球变暖的影响。Earths more rapid pace of ascension is increasing global warming, a concern to many a human scientists.地球更快捷的提升步伐，是渐增的全球变暖，这是让很多人类科学家所忧虑的。The manufacturing process uses large amounts of energy and generates pollutants that contribute to global warming.制造塑料过程中使用大量的能源并产生导致全球变暖的污染物，15. look ahead 预测未来，计划未来The past is past.Let us look ahead.过去的事已成过去，让我们向前看吧。Just look ahead and youll see a pagoda.向前望去，你就可以看到一座宝塔。We must look ahead before we make a decision.我们做出决定之前必须想得远一点。You must look ahead before you go further in the matter.你在进一步处理这件事情之前，必须想得远一点。 It is better to look ahead and prepare than to look back and regret.宁可准备好看望未来也不要回顾过去来懊悔。Everyone should look ahead and save a little money each year for his retirement.每个人都应为将来计划，每年为退休存点钱。16. cut down v. 砍倒；削减；删节；胜过；杀死You should cut down expenses.你应该削减开支。The boy cut down the tree with a knife.这个男孩用一把刀砍断了这棵树。We should cut down on water consumption.我们应该减少水的用量。They will cut down the price if you bargain it.你讲讲价，他们可能会把价钱降低。The aircraft is streamlined to cut down wind resistance .飞机设计成流线型以减小风的阻力。The best approach to this problem is to cut down cost and increase efficiency.解决这个问题的最好方法是降低成本，提高效率。17. switch off （用开关）关掉；切断（电源）Press the button and it will switch off.你按下这个按钮就可以关机。So you must switch off one thing for the other.因此你必须转变你的思考方式。To remember to switch off the electricity is important.记住关掉电源很重要。In case of operation failure, please switch off the power.如发现异常或操作有任何问题，请务必先切断电源。 Students must switch off the fan before they leave the classroom.学生在离开教室时，要关掉电风扇。 Should there be urgent situations, press this red button to switch off the electricity.万一有紧急情况，请按红色按钮以切断电源。To improve roadside air quality,it is necessarry to legislate to require motorists to switch off idling vehicle engines.为了改善路边的空气质量，须立法规定司机停车后必须关掉引擎。针对训练一单词拼写1. We adhere to the _ (原则) that everyone should be treated fairly.2. _ (农业) in this country has developed greatly after liberation.3. By a strange _ (巧合) we happened to be travelling on the same train.4. Its the companys policy to _ (牺牲) short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth.5. The hijackers _ (威胁) to kill all the passengers if their demands were not met.6. We used the money to set up an _ (灌溉) project.7. After many years of _ (分离), different part of the country finally got united.8. The statue was _ (雕刻) out of marble.9. He studied the German market to find the _ (潜力) there for profitable investment.10. Having no children of their own they decided to a_ (收养) an orphan.二完形填空：I arrived in the classroom, ready to share my knowledge and experience with 75 students who would be my English Literature class. Having taught in the US for 17 years, I had no 1 about my ability to hold their attention and to 2 on them my admiration for the literature（文学）of my mother tongue.I was shocked when the monitor shouted, “ 3 !” and the entire class rose as I entered the room, and I was somewhat 4 about how to get them to sit down again, but once that awkwardness（尴尬）was over, I quickly 5 my calmness and began what I thought was a fact packed lecture, sure to gain their respect perhaps 6 their admiration. I went back to my office with the rosy glow which comes from a (n) 7 of achievements.My students 8 diaries. However, as I read them, the rosy glow was gradually 9 by a strong sense of sadness. The first diary said, “Our literature teacher didnt teach us anything today. 10 her next lecture will be better.” Greatly surprised, I read diary after diary, each expressing a 11 subject. “Didnt I teach them anything? I described the entire philosophical framework（哲学体系）of Western thought and laid the historical 12 for all the works well study in class,” I complained. “How 13 they say I didnt teach them anything?”It was a long term, and it 14 became clear that my ideas about education were not the same as 15 of my students. I thought a teachers job was to raise 16 questions and provide enough background so that students could 17 their own conclusions. My students thought a teachers job was to provide 18 information as directly and clearly as possible. What a difference! 19 , I also learned a lot, and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a 20 American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture.1. A. worryB. ideaC. doubtD. experience2. A. impressB. putC. leaveD. fix3. A. AttentionB. Look outC. At easeD. Stand up4. A. puzzledB. sureC. curiousD. worried5. A. foundB. returnedC. regainedD. followed6. A. moreB. evenC. yetD. still7. A. thoughtB. senseC. feelingD. idea8. A. wroteB. borrowedC. keptD. read9. A. replacedB. takenC. caughtD. moved10. A. NaturallyB. PerhapsC. FortunatelyD. Reasonably11. A. differentB. sameC. similarD. usual12. A. happeningsB. charactersC. developmentD. background13. A. shouldB. canC. willD. must14. A. immediatelyB. certainlyC. simplyD. gradually15. A. thatB. whatC. thoseD. ones16. A. difficultB. interestingC. ordinaryD. unusual17. A. drawB. getC. decideD. give18. A. strangeB. standardC. exactD. serious19. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. BesidesD. Though20. A. normalB. happyC. goodD. betterLesson 2 Endangered Species要点精析1. conservation n. 保存，保持；保护One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks.一种最重要的土壤保护形式是使用防护林。 The conservation of energy does not require that a system be isolated.能量的守恒并不要求系统必须是孤立的。Study of metapopulation dynamics is one of the most important subjects in modern conservation biology and ecology.复合种群动态研究是当今保护生物学和生态学中最热门的课题之一。We use palm wood material and metal recyclables as base materials. Part of profits are for nature conservation.我们使用棕榈油木材材料和金属回收为基础材料。部分利润用于自然保护。 The market fails to provide for an efficient level of conservation effort.市场并没有对水土保持工作提供一种有效的手段。2. extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的 vt. 古使熄灭An extinct dinosaur came back to life!一只灭绝的恐龙竟然复活了!All that they can do is ultimately become extinct.他们所能做的一切就是最终的灭绝。If you want a list ofmy enemies, just check the extinct species list.如果你要我的敌人的列表，那就去查已灭绝物种列表。We ask you not to regret those in human form whom shall simply become extinct.我们请你不要为将完全熄灭的人类形体们感到遗憾。If we continue to destroy the count