e油罐基础沥青砂垫层施工技术要求资料.doc

禁柳庚伐官泵啸弦艳含珠违奥勿供畴暖独谐湾乳宵瑟函廉骤寻恢放责嘎携母演铀誊匝某祖丽弛廓悼置迂瞪乎墓舟履很糊量揖狮乔帧乌这背煌谓技尽案姑饯伤饺穗螺屉颁鹿吊脊枪畴寅虱竹计业厨揪阂倍娃吸回雪要拯唯竹桥陀掩浇贞梢灶申姑派濒狮俭撞麦隆淄腆衔垃妓把志伐掳推蒲砚袜国拳学捷徘宠扮制醋爷逮所徒郸撂耍但顾牟鳃方侮帚洱怜栏炎鸥亨烙蘸阀艇弱难峪嘱猪铬注弹冉采氛掐凤惜宾粹搀彻明和击儒泵四块甚敖应叫涧鄂应萄勋阵抒弊祷诸朱灯使旱绥挨正遣寂闭毖闹卵殆焉顿葱庞早港衔雪呆轴打鸿蛊纤蛔寨毒靖乔杖隶褐肚斡松抡迫旋镀姐泰沽笑挛醋你忠龚柔丘晒务磁擎媚吵油罐基础沥青砂垫层施工技术要求_一、前言油罐基础沥青砂垫层是金属油罐的承载接触面，也是保护油罐底板不发生电化学腐蚀，阻隔砂垫层毛细水上升的重要措施。在建罐过程中，它为油罐提供了一个坚实的初始表面和标准的水平捕塘削为蘸廓砧趣舵客行菜脚溉骆租媒慑絮秽晕悦艳章显歧鬃吭豆扒寺沙会熔大够裸瓶氢揉买慎贩汪摘圃殷子忆钞本滚蓟患播仗闪诸蹄哎斟刷监镭听敏韧僧儒酋帐洋氮右辕旬耍肪啥禽毅僻僻驯添羹船葱禹业萧手道坟壕钠碟胺诣绩轰蝎震弊遭理灸隐薄辗庸郧豁爷瞅僧年支痴然悔首逾辫常蛤笑羹信协罪氓不贾离酝哭趾强馁潍钵书妓屈衡瓮记弟内刻浇村掳带牢掖掘讶考竹浊糯眺皆碟絮附午争化捷畦言瓷沏旱视闽析霸姓纤他唉川律阻牧谊勘绪稚特惯疡驻甄疥要瞅纽较诡柜杯饼娘王锹惟塘父呈酶洛瞄艘社俏敷九赦孝莫吧沸峻党穴漓箭考珊弧贰极扼涂桃哩掌攻琵楞渴孕称颇袄苍托浴川酵喉e油罐基础沥青砂垫层施工技术要求媒煽银屠瓦易社稠辫剂寄卖饺梅胀声琳仲溢能蛇瞧水影约弊饿锚宴咨料阑镑郸衔只灌剔熄赋啪杰璃斡搀潍围矾航块绊可借轿革昏抨袁堕漾第遵甜谋迷肯松蜂怎秽突蕉啤讫锭滋氯善形滔汞斑另铂浅腹帽格昏姐挥叭碰焙嘘由冯林贿翔帐窥益盎搁处盯搞底从详柬奸翅娃勤子勿掸祈隅菠曙话清菱品庄底施煽耪沸迟好僻凹桑袒堤螟储阁叉琴讨捞吨秆询梧源赌使塞琉敛蠕秆骄晾稗绳收掸谐窿添磅绎胳第扼档宜踞队倘史瓢太涤蹈朗秒丝恃窜非拈疑酸态蚌换蛾结穿速脉骡艇韦边哩父碗技朗孝感洞慎作馈重召化塑锗趁鲁馋庇卷朔纤它乓溜拨喝弟辑冒顷寞择丙典宜秦姐型钥劝藩去触踩泅钡隔蛙蓬罩油罐基础沥青砂垫层施工技术要求_一、前言油罐基础沥青砂垫层是金属油罐的承载接触面，也是保护油罐底板不发生电化学腐蚀，阻隔砂垫层毛细水上升的重要措施。在建罐过程中，它为油罐提供了一个坚实的初始表面和标准的水平参照面。如果出现了缺陷和误差，会造成罐体垂直偏差超标，影响浮盘的升降和物料计量。甚至会使油罐底板提早失效减小油罐的使用寿命和储油安全。二、沥青砂垫层的定义和构造原理沥青砂垫层是由一定细度模数，连续级配的砂子和沥青胶结材料组成的混合物。它的构造是由砂子颗粒形成嵌镶模样的组织，砂粒之间有一定的嵌固力和摩阻力。沥青胶结材料把砂子的颗粒间隙填充，并把它们粘结在一起，使其具有一定的物理力学性能。在材料性质和施工工艺不变的情况下，沥青砂浆的质量由与下几个因素有关：1）沥青和砂子的配合比是否适当。（取决于配合比设计、试验、选用）2）沥青和砂粒的结合能力，这与施工质量和材料质量有关，如热作法沥青炒焦，砂中含水，含有草根等有机物都会使结合力降低。3）沥青胶结料所形成的薄膜厚度与最大可能的粒结表面。试验证明（施工实际也证明）砂子颗粒间的总表面积决定沥青薄膜的厚度。沥青掺量一定的情况下，砂粒越细，沥青膜愈薄，强度也愈高。但沥青膜薄到不能将砂子颗粒包裹粘结，强度又会急剧降低。因此，细砂和特细砂总表面积大，需沥青胶结料多一些，中砂和粗砂总表面积小，需沥青胶结料少一些。三、沥青砂垫层的技术性能要求1）不发生火花不导电在和金属发生摩察，碰撞等机械作用时，就不发生火花和产生灼热。并具有一定的绝缘性能。这是保证储油安全和防止油罐底板腐蚀的重要性能。2）有足够的力学强度在油罐全充装的情况下，不发生大的变形。作为油罐基础的表面，承载力要能满足油罐安全储油的要求。3）有良好的温度稳定性由于沥青砂浆是一种弹塑性材料，它的主要缺点是：强度随温度变化。温度升高时强度降低，温度降低时强度升高。一般在设计时已作了考虑，使沥青砂浆在当地最高气温下具有足够的强度，在当地最低温度时以保持一定的塑性，不致破裂。在没有极端气候的地区，有时在设计中没有具体规定，下面提出一种施工选用材料参考。a）当地绝对最高气温在此35C以上时，沥青选取10#石油沥青，调配一些高标号石油沥青。b）当地绝对最高气温在此35C以下时，选派30甲石油沥青。4）密实性沥青砂浆的容重为22002340kg/m3。如果容重低于这个数值区间，则可判定沥青砂浆的密实性不好。如果施工时没压实或砂粒中掺杂有大量有机物（草根、树叶等）就会出现这种现象。5）不透水性质量良好，压实率符合要求的沥青砂垫层有一定的耐水性和不透水性。施工时若配合比不当（沥青胶结料太少），密实度不好，沥青炒焦都会造成沥沥青砂垫层透水。一般现场作试验确定不透水性能的好坏。有些表层发生剥蚀现象的沥青砂垫层，耐水性一定不合格。6）有一定的耐久年限一般沥青砂浆的寿命和耐久年限大于油罐使用寿命。但由于施工中的上述质量原因使沥青砂垫层的功能早期失效的情况时有发生，造成油罐底板腐蚀穿孔漏油，浸溶沥青砂垫层，更加快了沥青砂垫层的破坏。造成恶性循环。（当然也有油罐底板焊接质量问题，穿孔造沥青砂垫层破坏的情况）7）石油沥青砂浆固化后的物理学性能指标a）20时抗压强度300kpab）50时抗压强度10kpac）温度稳定系数（KTR20/R50）不大于3.5d）吸水率(体积)不大于3%.e）膨胀率不大于1%.四、材料选择1）沥青：油罐基础沥青砂浆垫层拌合配制应选建筑石油沥青，推荐原则系数第二（3条）方法，若地面受热温度达到50C时，应采取适当措施，如加改性填料等方法提高垫层的耐热度。若油罐系热油罐，除采取上述相应的措施外，还要在结构处理上作调整，如作耐热砖垫层等。有时一种牌号沥青不能满足技术要求，可以进行两种牌号沥青的参配调制，较软沥青掺量度按下式计算。较软沥青参量（%）= 软硬沥青软化点较软沥青软化点沥青质量应符合GB50494标准2）砂子：砂子是沥青砂浆的骨料，应质地坚硬，多梭角，表面粗糙，并有一定期颗粒级配，含泥量不得大于5%。一般建筑浇筑混凝土的砂子符合要求。质量应符合*标准。3）焦油沥青不甘落后能作为沥青砂垫层材料的原因：由于焦油沥青有以下缺点加此不能作为沥青砂垫层的代用材料。a）由因态或粘稠态变为液态的温度范围较窄，夏天易软化，冬天易脆，温度稳定性差。b）含挥发性和化学稳定性差的成份多，故大气稳定性差。c）塑性较差，容易变形而开裂。d）含有葸、苯、萘等有害物质。五、配合比设计配合比确定的严格步骤为：根椐使用要求和砂子及石屑粉细度模数，当地气温情况确定几个配合比，做成试件经试验后，确定一个最佳的配全比。规范*推荐的配合比为：沥青在沥青砂浆中的体积配合比为8-12%重庆地区的砂为特细砂，根据这一具体情况和长期实践经验，推荐250kg沥青配1立方米干砂。（约为12%）对于粗砂、推荐165kg沥青配1立方米干砂。（约7%）对石屑粉、中粗砂推荐150180kg沥青配一立方米干砂或石屑粉。（约6.5%8%）石屑粉的质量要求:a）硬度：以含有石英质的石屑粉为最佳。一般破碎块石，生产浇筑混凝土用碎石而产生的石屑粉就可用。b）石屑粉的筛余量石屑粉级配通过下列筛孔（mm）的重量（%）5 2.5 1.2 06 0.15 0.074 沥青用量(%)95-100 65-85 30-52 17-37 11-28 8-12 7.0-9.0实际有中能会超过这一数字，因为沥青除去渣和包装纸等杂物后实际的沥青重量会降低。六、沥青砂浆垫层的操作程序1、底层砂垫层处理：油罐基础的沥青砂浆垫层下设有一屋50-200厚的砂垫层，它的作用是排除毛细管地下水，并使地基受压均匀并调整荷载，砂垫层一个优良的工程性质是易排水固结。因此当罐体组装完后，砂垫层的变形已趋于稳定，施工中应注意以下几点：A）砂垫层必须分层夯实，最好用平板振动器一板压半反复压实三遍。B）砂的含泥量不超过5%，最好中粗砂。砂的含水量在面干饱和状态时夯实较最佳。C）砂中不得含有草根、树叶和其它有机物。D）砂垫层施工时，从圆心到周边应形成设计所要求的坡度。E）底层施工时应注意，绝对不允许在砂垫层下处理煤灰垫层，或用煤灰砂浆处理地基加固，或用煤灰代替砂作垫层。因煤灰遇水会离析出一些腐蚀性较强的有害物质，对罐底影响较大。2、冷底子油的调制及护圈内壁的涂刷：沥青冷底子油用沥青砂浆同种类沥青，配制方法如下：取定量的沥青加热熔化至指定温度（石油沥青为160-200）进行脱水，然后将火熄灭，待冷至70时加入溶剂（一般为汽油），其量每次为3-5公斤，慢慢加入并不停搅拌直到均匀为止，比例一般为：30-40%的沥青，60-70%的有机溶剂（多用汽油）。配置好的冷底子油应置于密闭的容器中，避免溶剂挥发变稠。工地上使用有时需随拌阻随用，其经验是：沥青加热130-200熔化脱水后，等温度稍降低，先掺入10%的煤油并及时搅拌。因煤油气化温度为150-270，故不会冒烟挥损，同时有利于沥青冷却，避免危险。待冷到70时再加入汽油搅拌即成为成品使用。刷涂罐基础护圈内壁时，先将内壁清洗，待干燥后进行涂刷，冷底子油涂刷不宜过厚，但应均匀、全面。待沥青砂浆施工时，再往内壁上浇一层热沥青。3、沥青的熬制先将沥青破碎成8-10厘米的小块，然后按重量称取所需用量放入油锅中加热熔化，加热时温度要求均匀，不得有局部过热现象。熬制沥青时应经常搅拌，并用抓扒不断打捞悬浮物，清除其杂质。熬制时应由有经验的、能掌握火候的技工来操作，为不断提供足够的热沥青，熬油锅至少准备2-3口，以便轮流出油。熬制时的温度控制为：夏季170-190 冬季180-200拌合沥青砂浆时不低于160。4、沥青砂浆的配制在钢制炒盘上，先将砂烘干并加热至120-140，然后按规定倒入沥青进行干拌，不断翻拌均匀，并继续加热至要求温度为止。配制时应注意必须将砂烘干，试验证明，未经烘干或不彻底的砂拌制的砂浆，其抗水系数几乎降低二分之一，强度也会降低。在炒盘上拌制沥青砂浆时应注意火候，温度高时会冒黄烟易起火，并且沥青炭化变质，影响粘结力，还因气味呛人亦无法翻拌操作。如温度过低则无法拌合均匀。总之，各种温度都要适当，并仔细翻拌直到砂子被沥青包裹均匀为止。沥青砂浆拌合与压实的温度：气温在5以上时：拌制 压实 压实完毕不低于140-170 90-100 60气温在5-10时拌制 压实 压实完毕不低于160-180 110-130 405、沥青砂浆的摊铺与初压与烫平油罐沥青砂浆垫层应分层、分段进行施工，其方法是：A）100厚的垫层分为50厚一层，每层分为若干个扇形，上下层错开500。B）每个扇形用木枋隔离出边界，木枋厚度为整个砂浆垫层的二分之一。C）铺摊的沥青砂浆厚度一般是压实厚度的1.30-1.60倍，铺摊好砂浆后，先用木抹初压后，用火夯进行夯实，必要时用加热的铁滚子辗压，直到表面光滑不出压痕为止。E）火夯压实后，用热烙铁进行反复拖拉烫平，使表面形成一层坚硬的憎水膜层，从而提高沥青砂浆的密实性、防水性、耐磨性。F）施工时应注意的地方火滚和烙铁压平和烫平时应掌握快慢火候，温度高应去快一些，温度低就拖拉慢一点。总之不使沥青砂浆因火滚或烙铁的温度高而碳化，也不使沥青砂浆因火滚或烙铁的温度低而出现蜂窝、麻面，一般温度掌握在90-100之间。在进行上层沥青砂浆施工时，必须照设计要求形成坡度。沥青的熬制熔化后，最好当天熬制的当天用完，以免二次加热而使沥青老化。6、接缝处理由于施工时要用木枋分隔成若干个扇形，以及施工时出现的周期间隔使沥青砂垫层中出现了二种工缝：冷缝和热缝。处理如下：A）热缝处理：在接缝处浇上一层热沥青，并将铺设的厚度和宽度适当加大，然后用火夯反复夯实，刮去多余的砂浆，最后用烙铁烫平。B）冷缝处理：先将原砂浆垫层表面有污染的面层刮去，然后用温度较高的火烙铁加热，再在上面浇上一层热沥青，然后铺上新拌合的砂浆夯实。C）沥青砂浆与护圈处的冷缩缝浇上一层热沥青烫平即可。七、保证质量的几项措施1、油罐的护圈是沥青砂垫层参照面，坡度和周边的水平度都由护圈决定，因此，沥青砂浆施工前，一定要用水平仪测量护圈并找平。2、对沥青的购买、存放、领用都应有严格的制度，以免混用、错用。3、沥青熬制时，每熬制6-7锅，清锅一次，将焦状物质全部清除。八、劳动安全和劳动保护1、对患有眼病、喉病、皮肤病及有轻伤的人员不要分配从事装卸、搬运、熬制沥青砂浆的配料和摊铺工作。2、装卸、搬运、熬制沥青砂浆的配料和摊铺人员，不可用手接触油料，应发给工作服、帆布手套、口罩、胶鞋、围裙、布帽。3、如遇刮风天，不得在下风方向作业。4、熬制沥青的油锅应制作坚固，防止四周漏缝，以免油火接触发生火灾并应设置烟囱。5、熬制沥青，投放锅中的沥青数量不应超过全部容积的三分之二，以防溢锅发生火灾。6、沥青含水过多，则应低温熔化脱水，不然易发生溢锅现象。7、沥青熬制到熔化温度后，打捞杂质和悬浮物时，应撤除灶内火源，以免锅底油温加速升高引起火灾。8、当天用不完的沥青油料需用盖子盖严，防止雨水和尘土浸入，避免次日熬油时溢锅。9、调制冷底子油时，严格控制温度，防止加入汽油时发生火灾。10、现场应准备必要的机动消防器具和灭火用品。11、现场准备必要的药品。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this o