仁爱版英语九年级unit2topic2知识点上课讲义.doc

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Unit 2 Topic 2（Grade Nine）
Ⅰ、词组及用法
1、blow strongly 风猛吹
　 rain heavily 下大雨
2、blow away 吹走
3、wash away 冲走
4、cut down 砍伐，缩短
cut in 插嘴，打断（说话）
　 cut off 切断（电源，水）；中断
　 cut out 剪下；删去
　 cut up 切碎
　　注意：动副结构，代词必须放中间，且用宾格。
eg. cut down the trees＝cut the trees down cut it/them down
5、as a result 结果
as a result of… 由于…
　 eg. As a result，he passed the exam.
　　　As a result of careless，she didn’t pass the exam.
6、change/turn…，into… 把…变成…
7、stop/prevent/keep…from sth/doing sth 阻止（做）某事
eg. Trees can stop/prevent/keep the water from washing the earth away.
8、save用法
（1）贮存、保存
eg. Forests can save a lot of water.
　　　Save sb sth＝save sth for sb 为某人保留…
（2）节省、节约，避免（金钱、时间等）浪费
eg. We should save time.
（3）救，挽救
eg. save one’s life 挽救某人的命
He saved his friend’s life in the accident.
9、in danger 处在危险中
　 in danger of… 处在…的危险中
10、die out 灭绝
eg. Some animals are in danger of dying out.
11、come to …想到，意识到，总计，总共
eg. The good idea comes to him in a flash.
　 他灵机一动，计上心来.
That comes to 23 yuan, madam.
总共23元，夫人.
12、the importance of… …的重要性
eg. Many people have come to understand/realize the importance of planting
　　　 trees.
13、sth says that… 用“文字，数字”表达信息（主语，是事或物）
eg. It says in the newspaper that pollution is still a serious problem.
　　　The newspaper says that pollution is still a serious problem.
It’s said that… 据说…
　　　It’s reported that… 据报道…
　　　It’s well known that… 众所周知…
　　　It’s believed that… 人们相信…
14、here and there＝everywhere 到处
15、worst of all 最糟糕的是
16、in the beginning 指一件事的初期
17、take away 拿走，取走，带走
18、escape sth/doing sth
　 eg. He is very lazy. He often escapes the study.
The man escaped doing the work.
escape…from… 从…逃脱
eg. The boy escaped successfully from that big fire.　　　
19、refer to sth/sb 谈及/提到/涉及某人或某事
20、seem用法
　（1）It seems that+从句
eg. It seems that their living conditions are very good.
（2）主语+seem to do sth
eg. She seems to pass the test.
（3）主语+seem+形容词
eg. He seems very happy.
21、protect/destroy the environment 保护/破坏环境
22、avoid sth/doing sth 避免
eg. Try to avoid speaking loudly in the reading.
　　　 How can they avoid a serious water shortage？
23、be short of… 短缺…缺乏…
24、divide…into… 把…分成…
25、come into being 形成
Ⅱ、辨析
1、a number of…与the number of…
　 a number of…＝many+名复… 许多…
　 a great/large/small number of…
eg. A large number of books have been sold
the number of+名（复）+谓（单）…
…的数量
eg. The number of the students in our school is 3900.
2、none与no one
△none of+名/代词+谓语…
　 eg. None of the girls likes/like playing the violin.
——How many birds can you see in the picture？
——None.
——How much milk is there in the bottle？
——None.
　　△no one 没有人，不与of连用，可与else连用，作主语时，谓语动词单数。
eg. No one came here yesterday.
　　 No one else knows about that.
　　　——Who is in the room？
——No one.
3、rise和raise
　 rise常用作不及物动词：升起，上升，站起来，起床（客观）
eg. The smoke is rising into the sky.
　　　Jane rose and left the room.
　　　The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.
　　　The river has risen two feet because the heavy rain.
　　raise为及物动词：举起，抬高，筹集，饲养，抚养（主观）
eg. The box is too heavy，so I can’t rais lift it.
We’re raising money for the poor children.
The farmer raised some sheep and horses.
He raised his head when he heard his name called.
She raised her voice.
4、discover和invent
　 discover 发现（发现以前没有人知道的东西，地方或事实等）
eg. The new star was discovered by a Chinese student.
invent　发明，创造（指创造出世界上原本不存在的事物）
eg. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
5、earth，soil，land和ground
（1）earth：地球，泥土
eg. We should do something useful to protect the earth.
　　　 Trees can stop the wind from blowing away the earth easily.
（2）soil　土壤（主要指用于种植庄稼的）
eg. The soil is good for growing rice.
（3）land　陆地（相对江、河、湖、海等），国土(可数)
eg. After the bad boat journey，they were glad to arrive on land.
　　　A lot of rich land has changed into desert.
（4）ground　　指大地的表面，地面，场地
eg. The ground is covered with snow.
6、nearly和almost
nearly：
（1）常与not连用
eg. He nearly didn’t hear what the teacher said.
（2）常与数词连用
eg. The boy is nearly two years old.
（3）可修饰形容词，实义动词及部分代词
eg. The bottle is nearly empty.
They nearly finished the work.
Nearly all of them like playing basketball.
（4）可与as…as　结构以及the same连用
It’s nearly as hot as yesterday.
The two shirts are nearly the same.
almost　多表示时间、程度、距离、进度，可修饰
more than，nothing，nobody，nowhere.
no one，none，never等
eg. I have almost never seen him.
Ⅲ、语法：不定代词和不定副词
1、肯定句：somebody，someone，something，somewhere
否定句/疑问句：anybody，anyone，anything，anywhere
本身表否定：none，nobody，nothing.
各种句式：everybody，everything，everywhere
something可用于表示请求许可等委婉语气的疑问句（希望得到肯定回答）
eg.——Would you like something to drink？
　　　——No，thanks.
（1）不定代/副词+形容词
eg. I’d like to live somewhere quiet.
　　　 You can’t get it anywhere else.
　　　 Let’s go somewhere nice for dinner.
　　　 There is nothing wrong with the radio.
　　　 I have something important to tell you.
2、不定代词作主语，谓语动词单数
　　Everything goes well.
　　Nobody is in the classroom.
　　Nothing is difficult if you set your mind on it.　　世上无难事，只怕有心人
　3、anybody　任何人　　anything　　任何事情
　　 anywhere　　任何地方
　　 可用于陈述句肯定句中

范文1：
　　As we all know，water pollution is becoming more and more serious. Some factories pour waste water into the rivers. As a result，it makes the water dirty and smell terrible. Most of fish in the water have died and we can’t swim in the water. Water is very important to human beings，so we should do our best to protect and save it. Luckily，our government is taking measures to protect the water from pollution.

范文2：
My dear friends：
　　Water is very important to human beings. Let’s do something to protect and save it
　　First，we should protect our water resources and not pollute them. The government should also pass laws against the water pollution. Second，we should save water in our daily life，turn off the taps in time，take a shower instead of a bath，and always remember to collect and reuse water. Third，let’s try to spread the message about protecting and saving water. Make more people around us know the problem of water shortage and how to help solve it.
　　Let’s try our best to save water and planet.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Student Union
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