商务英语专业四级考试术语解释知识交流.docx

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商务英语专业四级考试术语解释
1. global company : 跨国公司
--a company that integrates its international biz activities
-- A multinational corporation or multinational enterprise is an organization, that owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country. （维基百科）

2. joint venture : 合资企业
--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.
-- a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together. （柯林斯词典）

3. merger & acquisition : 并购
--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.
-- transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.

4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道
--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.

5. listed company : 上市公司
--a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.
-- A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场. （维基百科）

6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地
--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.

7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别
--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.

8. specialty shop : 专卖店
--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.

9. household name 家喻户晓的名字
-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.
10. loss-maker : 亏损企业
--a biz that continually makes no profit.

11. home country : 祖国，母国
--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.

12. quota : 配额，定额，限额
--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.

13. market economy : 市场经济
--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.

14. new economy : 新经济
--a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.
-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）

15. labor force : 劳动力
--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.

16. bubble economy :
--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂的 operation.

17. venture capital : 风险资本
--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss.
-- Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）

18. biz cycle : 商业周期
--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.

19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场
--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.
-- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.
-- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗文词典）

20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期
--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.

21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金
--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.
-- the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）

22. liquidity 流动资产
--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.
-- In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力

23. exchange rate 汇率
--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.
-- the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。

24. multinational company 跨国公司
--a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.

25. money market 货币市场，金融市场
--the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.
-- A country's money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange. （柯林斯词典）
-- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially foreign money, for profit. （朗文词典）

26. collateral担保物，抵押品
--property or an item of value acceptable as security抵押品 for a loan or other obligation. 被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产
-- property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you. （朗文词典）

27. Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数
--an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.

28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票
--a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its long record of steady earnings.

29. Nasdaq : 纳斯达克
--national association of securities dealers automated quotations.全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会
-- The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所located in the same city. （维基百科）

30. (insurance) policy 保险单
--the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policy holder投保人 by company

31. public relations 公共关系，公关
--PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.

32. depression : 萧条，不景气
--a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。

33. Trade deficit 贸易赤字
--imports minus exports of goods and services.

34. Speculation投机
--engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit

35. Value added tax 增值税
--an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental 增值的increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。

36. Fair trade 公平贸易
--trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement

37. Subsidy 补贴
--a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a good or product.
-- financial benefit direct or indirect from government to producers or exporters.

38. Rebate 减税，折扣
--a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in payment.

39. tax exemption免税
--the freedom for having to pay tax

40. FDI外国直接投资
--the funds committed to a foreign enterprise. An investor who buys 10 percent or more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise.

41. free trade 自由贸易
--trade between nations without protective customs tariff.

42. tariff 关税
--duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.

43. globalization 全球化
--the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that attracted special attention in the late 1990s.

44. anti-dumping duty反倾销税
--tariff levied on dumped imports.

45. trade barrier 贸易壁垒
--any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota testing or certification.

46. import substitution 进口替代
--a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports with domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry.

47. arbitration 仲裁
--the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision（指定条款）

48. balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写 B.S.
--a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。

49. return 收益
--a profit or yield, as from labor or investment.

50. cash flow现金流
--The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of corporate worth.
现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值

51. labor-intensive 劳动密集型
--requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital

52. net earnings 净收益，净盈利
--the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted.

53. productivity 生产力
--the rate at which goods or services are produced, especially output per unit of labor.

54. market share 市场份额
--the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures.

55. workforce 劳动力, 工人总数: the group of people who work in an industry, company, country.

56. income disparity : inequality in income distribution.

57. equity资产，股本 : common stock普通股 and preferred stock优先股 which represent ownership to a biz organization

58. outsource外协生产 : to farm out包出 (work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost. 外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者

59. lead time订货至交货的时间
--the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them.

60. acquisition收购
--when a company takes over another one and clearly becomes the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout.

61. initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行
--private company’s first offer of its stock to the public

62. merger 合并
--the union or combination of two or more commercial interests or corporations.

63. liquidity squeeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张
--financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins.
-- a reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. （维基百科）

64. reverse merger(借壳上市)
--it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。

65. horizontal merger横向合并
--two companies that are in direct competition in the same products line and markets merger.
vertical merger 纵向合并
--merging with a company with different stage of production process, for instance, a car maker merging with a parts supplier.

66. real estate 不动产，房地产
--Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑

67. hedge fund 对冲基金公司
--an investment company that uses high-risk techniques, such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital gains.

68. GNP : the total market value of aggregate goods and services produced by a nation during a specified period, especially a year.

69. return on investment (ROI) 投资回报率
--a profit or yield from investment.

70. bull market 牛市
--a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to go up.
Bear market 熊市
-- a general decline in the stock market over a period of time. （维基百科）
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