2021春《成才之路》人教英语必修3(四川专用)课时作业：unit-4-第1课时-.docx

Unit 4　 第一课时

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This ________ (理论) is helpful to explain how the universe began.
2．The big project has cost almost as much as one ________ (十亿) dollars.
3．Two people have been killed in the ________ (暴力的) incident on March 2nd.
4．Across the ________ (地球), sea level varies by hundreds of feet.
5．People suffering hunger still ________ (存在) in many parts of the world today.
6．Smoking is ________ (有害的) to health, but there are still many people picking it up.
7．Some people are still ________ (迷惑的) about how the computer works.
8．________ (不像) what you supposed, only few people attended his birthday party.
9．The new owners have tried to give the restaurant a more family­friendly ________ (气氛)．
10．The little boy is interested in ________ (天文学)．
答案：1.theory　2.billion　3.violent　4.globe　5.exist　6.harmful　7.puzzled　8.Unlike　9.atmosphere　10.astronomy
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The scientist's experiments ______________ (产生) a new drug.
2．If you give up this chance, you'll regret it ____________ (迟早)．
3．After a long time wait, ______________ (轮到她) to learn how to drive.
4．______________ (下蛋) is the ant queen's full­time job.
5．Their son ______________(被阻挡上高校) because of their low income.
6．These families mainly ________ (生存) their poor wages.
7．The girl listened with ______________ (迷惑的表情) on her face.
8．Sometimes, doing exercise violently ______________ (对健康有害)．
9．______________ (不是这个顽皮孩子的特点) to stay calm for such a long time.
10．As he was angry, he shut the door ________ (猛地)．
答案：1.gave birth to　2.in time　3.it is her turn　4.Laying eggs　5.was prevented from going to college　6.exist on
7．a puzzled expression　8.is harmful to/does harm to health
9．It is unlike the naughty boy　10.violently/with violence
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．The new rules make ________ for people here to have a peaceful environment.
A．no possibility B．there was possibility
C．impossible D．it possible
答案：D　句意：这些新规定使这里的人们能够拥有一个和平的环境。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式的复合结构。
2．The festival of this year has been a great success, ________ the year before when it rained non­stop.
A．like B．unlike
C．alike D．dislike
答案：B　句意：今年这个节日过得很成功，不像前年过节时，雨下个不停。依据题干，此处需用介词，故排解C，D项。unlike意为“不同，不像”；符合题意。like相像的；类似的。
3．People of Chitian County, Japan, had been always trying hard to keep themselves ________ by the tsunami (海啸), but unfortunately it happened.
A．being hurt B．from hurting
C．hurting D．from being hurt
答案：D　句意日本池田县的人们始终努力避开海啸的损害，但是不幸的事情还是发生了。keep... from doing... 阻挡……做……。此结构中介词from不行省掉。
4．(2022·泰安高一检测)The worker earned little money a month, so he had to ________ only fast noodles.
A．exist on B．exist in
C．lie in D．lie on
答案：A　考查短语辨析。句意：这个工人一个月挣的钱很少，因此不得不靠便利面度日。exist on靠……生存；exist in存在于……中；lie in在于……，位于……；lie on与……接壤。结合句意应选A。
5．(2022·安徽，31)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A．lives B．would live
C．having lived D．were to live
答案：D　本题考查虚拟语气。句意：格蕾丝不想搬到纽约去，由于她认为假如她住在那里她就不能经常见到她的父母了。依据句意可知，because后面的分句表示将来的事情，且依据she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often可知空白处要用虚拟语气，表示将来的动作，if从句可用should do，were to do或did，故选D项。
6．Tom's father is so ________ that Tom is afraid to tell him he has failed in the exam.
A．violent B．quiet
C．happy D．pleasant
答案：A　考查形容词的用法。violent意为暴力的”；quiet意为“安静的”；happy意为“兴奋的”；pleasant意为“欢快的”。从整个语境来看，B、C、D三项均不符合题意。因此正确答案为A。
7．It is wrong to sell products that are harmful ________ the people.
A．for B．with
C．to D．on
答案：C　句意：销售对人有害的产品是不对的。be harmful to为固定搭配，意思是“对……有害”。
8．In order to be ________ for Christmas, all these gifts must be mailed immediately.
A．against B．in time
C．at a time D．in no time
答案：B　句意：为了准时赶上圣诞节，全部这些礼物应马上寄出。(be) in time for sth“准时赶上某事”，符合题意。
Ⅳ.完形填空
(2022·全国新课标Ⅰ)
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __1__ at work in people of all __2__. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __3__ with their new toys. But their __4__ soon wears off and by January those __5__ toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of __6__ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone's __7__ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child __8__ bathes it and brushes its fun. Within a short time, however, the __9__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great __10__ but are soon looking forward to 11__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many __12__， who now complain (埋怨) about the long drives to work, __13__ drove for hours at a time when they first __14__ their driver's licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually __15__ to do a lot of __16__ things, which they never had __17__ to do while working. But __18__ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __19__. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new __20__.
文章大意：本文是一篇谈论文。告知我们，全部的事情依据确定的常规来进行的话，人会感到无聊厌倦的，这适合于全部年龄的人。然后从孩子到退休的老人举例来说明这一点。
1．A.principle B．habit
C．way D．power
答案：A　 文章开头提出，一般来说，全部形式的活动当它们依据确定的常规来进行的话，都会造成人无聊厌倦。这是一个常规，一个规章，故本空应填principle，意为“原则”。而 habit个人行为习惯；way方法，方式；power权利，力气，均不合语境。
2．A.parties B．races
C．countries D．ages
答案：D　由后文可知，这个原则适应于全部年龄的人。party政党；race种族；country国家；age年龄。由后面举的孩子和年轻人的例子可知。
3．A.working B．living
C．playing D．going
答案：C　在圣诞节的早上，孩子们很明显是对玩儿新玩具很兴奋。 play with玩……，跟……玩儿，符合语境。work with跟……共事；live with跟……一起生活；go with跟……一起去，均不合语境。
4．A.confidence B．interest
C．anxiety D．sorrow
答案：B　 由常识可知，孩子们刚开头玩儿新玩具时，很感爱好，但是渐渐地，就会失去爱好。confidence自信；interest爱好；anxiety焦虑；sorrow难过。由语境可知B项正确。
5．A.same B．extra
C．funny D．expensive
答案：A　 很明显，此处表示的是“圣诞节的新玩具被放置一边了”，也就是跟刚开头的是一样的玩具，故选same同样的，一样的。而非extra(额外的)，funny(可笑的)，expensive(昂贵的)。
6．A.well­organized B．colorfully­printed
C．newly­collected D．half­filled
答案：D　由空后面的信息 unfinished models可知，此处表示“还没有集满的集邮册”，即：half­filled。well­organized有序的，有条理的；colorful­printed彩印的；newly­collected新收集的，均不合语境。
7．A.broad B．passing
C．different D．main
答案：B　前面提到没集满的集邮册，未完成的模型，这每一个都是某个人短暂爱好的纪念碑。broad广泛的；passing经过的，passing interest短暂的爱好；different不同的；main主要的。由语境可知B项正确。
8．A.silently B．impatiently
C．gladly D．worriedly
答案：C　由常识可知，当父母带回家一个宠物时，刚开头孩子们很兴奋的给它洗澡，梳毛；silently静静地；impatiently不耐烦地；gladly兴奋地；worriedly担忧地。由语境可知C项正确。
9．A.promise B．burden
C．right D．game
答案：B　由语境可知，过一段时间之后，照看宠物的责任就移交到父母手上。promise保证；burden负担，责任；right权利；game玩耍。由语境可知B项正确。
10．A.courage B．calmness
C．confusion D．excitement
答案：D　青少年刚进高中是格外兴奋的。courage士气；calmness冷静，冷静；confusion困惑；excitement兴奋，感动。
11．A.graduation B．independence
C．responsibility D．success
答案：A　新颖劲刚过，就会期望着毕业。graduation毕业；independence独立，独立；responsibility责任；success成功。很明显，这些同学兴奋劲过去之后就会期望着毕业，故A项正确。
12．A.children B．students
C．adults D．retirees
答案：C　由空后的long drives of work可知，此处举的是成年人的例子，故C项正确。
13．A.carefully B．eagerly
C．nervously D．bravely
答案：B　由常识可知，刚拿到驾照，确定会迫不及待地一次开上几个小时。carefully当心地；eagerly急迫地；迫不及待地；nervously紧急地；bravely英勇地。由语境可知B项正确。
14．A.required B．obtained
C．noticed D．discovered
答案：B　此处表示“刚拿到驾照”，obtain得到，获得，符合语境。require要求；notice留意到；discover发觉，均不合语境。
15．A.need B．learn
C．start D．plan
答案：D　 由常识可知，人在退休前往往要方案好退休后干很多事。need需要；learn学会；start开头；plan方案。
16．A.great B．strange
C．difficult D．correct
答案：A　 由语境可知，退休前方案要干的都是在上班时不能干的大事，即：great things，故A项正确。strange惊异的，生疏的；difficult困难的；correct正确的，均不合语境。
17．A.time B．money
C．skills D．knowledge
答案：A　工作时，缺的是时间；工作时没时间干的事，就方案退休后干。
18．A.only B．well
C．even D．soon
答案：D　由常识可知，退休后不久，诸如打高尔夫球，钓鱼，读书以及全部的打发时间的休闲活动就跟他们离开的工作一样无聊了。此处表示“时间上的快”，要用副词soon。only只有；well好的；even甚至，均不合语境。
19．A.lost B．chose
C．left D．quit
答案：C　由常识可知，退休就是离开工作岗位，即leave，而非 quit(辞职，退出)；lose(失去)，choose(选择)。
20．A.pets B．toys
C．friends D．colleagues
答案：B　 就像一月份的孩子一样，他们又去查找新的玩具了。这与上文相呼应。上文提到，圣诞过后，孩子很快就对圣诞玩具不感爱好了。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Scientists now believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won't see them with the biggest telescope in the world，on the clearest night of the year. That's because they are invisible (不行见的). They are the mysterious dead stars called black holes.
You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly，giving us heat and light. The sun certainly doesn't seem to be getting old or weak But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
As the star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gases run out, the star stops burning and begins to die. As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into (挤进) a smaller and smaller ball. Imagine if the earth were crushed (挤压) until it was the size of a tiny marble (玻璃弹子). That's how tightly this dead star, a black hole，is packed (积累). What pulls the star in toward its center with such power? It's gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in (吸进) everything—even light. The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes. That's why you see nothing but blackness.
1．Which of the following can explain how the star dies?
A．As the gases run out，it cools down.
B．As it collides (碰撞) with other stars，it crashes.
C．As it sucks in too much light，it explodes.
D．As it gets hotter and hotter，it explodes.
答案：A　细节理解题。由第三段其次句话可知。
2．The underlined word“mysterious” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A．ordinary B．bright
C．strange D．common
答案：C　猜想词义题。由所在句前介绍可知，这些星星是我们无法观看的，所以说是“惊异的，奇怪的”。
3．Which of the following is NOT a fact?
A．Black holes are dead stars.
B．Black holes have gravity.
C．The dead stars are tightly packed.
D．The sun won't die even after billions of years.
答案：D　细节理解题。由其次段最终两句话可知。
4．What happens after a star dies?
A．It becomes invisible.
B．It falls to the earth.
C．It burns up all of its gases.
D．It becomes brighter and easier to see.
答案：A　推理推断题。由最终一段内容可推知，当一颗星星死亡后，就看不见了。
5．Why can't you see light when you look at a black hole?
A．Because most black holes are so far away.
B．Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.
C．Because as the star's gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light.
D．Because its outer layer pulls in toward its center as a star cools.
答案：B　推理推断题。由最终一段后三句话可推知。