初一英语名词讲解及练习教学文案.doc

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名词
一、 名词分类：
名词分为普通名词和专有名词
普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。
专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。
名词的两大考点：数与格
二、名词的数
1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词
(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词
　△个体名词: 表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag
每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
　A. 单数 表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。
　　　如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。
　B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。
△ 集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture

复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。
规则名词复数形式的构成
词形
复数形式的构成方法
例 词
大多数名词
在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。）
cat——cats
book---books
dog----dogs
bag——bags
boy--- boys
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词
在词尾加 -es, 读作[iz]。
glass——glasses
match——matches
以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词
把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作[iz]
city——cities
但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s, 读作[z]
Canadian——Canadians
American——Americans
以辅音字母 +o 结尾的名词
一般直接加 -es,读作[z];
tomato——tomatoes
potato —— potatoes
某些词例外,加 -s
kilo--kilos, piano—pianos, photo——photos
以元音字母+o结尾的名词
直接加 -s, 但读作[z]
zoo——zoos
radio——radios
以f或fe结尾的名词
有的直接加 -s, 读作[z]
roof——roofs
大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z]
leaf——leaves
wife——wives
knife—knives
yourself---yourselves

不规则名词复数形式的构成
复数形式的构成特点
例 词
通过改变词内元音字母
man——men foot——feet
tooth——teeth mouse——mice（老鼠）
通过在词尾加-en或-ren
ox——oxen（牛） child——children
单复数形式相同
a sheep——two sheep
a deer——two deer（鹿）
a Chinese——two Chinese（中国人）

注意事项:
只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks
单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police
特殊名词的讲解：
⑴people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our country.
我们国家有56个民族。
⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。
例：My favorite clothes are pants.
⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。
例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine.
⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。
His family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员

⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：
例：hair 和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。
My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。
I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。
但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式.
Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。
She likes pears, peaches and other fruits 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。
(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词
△物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice
△抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness, help

个体名词

集体名词

物质名词

抽象名词

可数名词

不可数名词

普通名词

专有名词

注意事项：
1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。如; some water/ apple juice/ milk
2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如：
one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.
ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.
★对量词的提问句型
对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如：
I would like two apples. → How many apples would you like?
I want some bread. →How much bread do you want?
I want three glasses of water.→How many glasses of water do you want？
询问价格用How much，如: How much is the coat? How much are the coats?

二. 名词的所有格
所有格的构成 ：1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词
★有生命的名词
（1）一般单数名词后加's.
如：my brother's book，Jack's cat，the girl's pen
（2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加‘。
如：the girls’ dormitory，a teachers' college
　 注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women's clothes.
（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's，
如： Tom and Peter's room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）
（4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.
　 如： Tom's and Peter's rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）
★无生命名词: 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：
the windows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）

名词习题

一． 写出下列名词的复数形式：
1. house _________ 2. it __________ 3. zoo __________
4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________
7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________
10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________
13. class __________ 14. factory __ 15. glass __________
16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________
19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. this__________
22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________
25. kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27. potato ___________
28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________
31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________ 33. life ___________
34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. foot ___________
37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________
40. child __________ 41.tooth __________ 42.mouth__________

二．选择填空：
1. I want to buy ________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks
2. They don’t have to do _______ today.
A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks
3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.
A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps
4. June 1 is _______.
A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day
5. ______ room is next to their parents’.
A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan
6. Miss Green is a friend of _______.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.
A. two breads B. two pieces of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
9. Many ______ are singing over there.
A. woman B. women C. girl D. child
10. He bought _______.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes
C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe
11. Mr. White has three _______.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
12. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______.
A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows
13. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread
14. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______.
A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’
15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.
A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato
16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.
A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes
17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.
A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden
18. __ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.
A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges
C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges
20. 10. The cat caught two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
21. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day.
A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English
22. There are two ______ in the room.
A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves
23. There are seven ______ in a week.
A. years B. months C. days D. minutes
24. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.
A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer
25. --- Excuse me, are you ______? --- Yes, I’m from ________.
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America
26 They are ______ jackets. A. Lucy’ s B. Lucy’
27. What color is ______ coat. A. Peter’s B. Peter’
28. These are ______ books. A. teachers’s B. teachers’
29. They are ______ ice creams A. children’ B. children’s
30. This is ______ bag. A. Tom and Peter’ B.Tom’s and Peter’s
31. Where are ______ . A. the school’s students B. students of the school
32. Those are ______ bags. A. drivers’s B. drivers’
33.This bag is ______ . A. Mary’s and Tom’s B. Mary and Tom’s
34. ______ fathers are coming. A. Mary’s and Kate’s B. Mary’s and Kate C. Mary and Kate’s
35.How ____ are these books? A. many B. much
36. This pair of pants ______ blue. I like _____ very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it
37.How ____ glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much
38. This is ________.
A. Mike and Jim's bike B. Mike's and Jim bike C. Mike's and Jim's bike D. Mike and Jim bike
39. These are ______.
A. Amy and Lingling’s room B. Amy’s and Lingling’s room
C. Amy’s and Lingling’s rooms D. Amy and Lingling’s room
40. My ____ ____ big and my _____ _____ happy. A. family is family are B. family is families are
三．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I have a lot of ______ to do. (homework)
2. There are seven ______ in a week. (day)
3. How many _____ can you see? (tomato)
4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _______. (glass)
5. There are five _________ in the picture. (child )
6. There are two________ over there．（bench）
7. I like taking ________．（photo）
8. l can see two__________ standing there．（woman）
9. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor．（apple）
10.There are three_______．（knife）
11. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
12. There is some________(food) in the basket.
13. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
14. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
15. There are five________(people ) in his family.
16. Let's take________(photo), OK?
17. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
18. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
19. Their________(dictionary) are very new.
20. I see you have a few white________(hair).
21. They are________(woman) doctors.
22. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
23. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
24. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
四．将下列句子变成复数形式
1．This is a knife. ____________________________
2．That is a tomato. ____________________________
3．She has a wish. ____________________________
4．That child is very lovely. ____________________________
5. He is looking after the baby.____________________________
6. It’s a big heavy box. __________________________________
7. This picture is nice.____________________________________
8. She is a beautiful woman._______________________________
9. I’m a good child. ___________________________________
10. That’s a delicious peach._________________________________
五． 将下列句子改为单数句子
1. These are red coats. ________________________________________
2. Who’re the boys? They’re my students.____________________________
3. They’re women workers here. _____
4. Are they playing basketball now? Yes, they are._____________________________
5. What are they? They are buses. ________________________________
6. Those are beautiful flowers._____________________________________
7. We have many old pictures.____________________________________
六． 翻译下列词组
一瓶牛奶 一杯茶 一双鞋子
两条裤子 三杯桔子汁 六包盐
五千克鸡蛋 一些面包 一点水
只供学习与交流