1、Unit 4 Dont eat in class.1. 祈使句的构成和用法概念:祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等的句子。结构:祈使句一般以动词原形开头,句末用句号或感叹号。a) Do型祈使句肯定结构:动词原形+宾语+其它否定结构:Dont+动词原形+宾语Open the door.开门Dont play soccer in the classroom.不要在教室里踢足球。b) Be型祈使句肯定结构:Be+表语否定结构:Dont+be+表语Be careful next time!下次要细心!Dont be late for school.上学不要迟到。c) Let型祈使句肯定结构
2、:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它否定结构:Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其它 Lets not+动词原形+其它Lets go home.我们回家吧。Dont let him go shopping.不要让他去购物。d) No型祈使句结构:No+动词ing 或 No+名词。这种结构的祈使句一般用来表示禁止。No talking禁止讲话(=Dont talk=Stop talking)No photos禁止拍照(=Dont take photos)2. 短语go out外出(娱乐) You cant go out on school nights.在上学的晚上你不能出去(玩)。take out掏
3、出,取出 Please take out a piece of paper.请拿出一张纸。do the dishes=wash the dishes清洗餐具 Please wash the dishes after dinner.晚饭后请清洗餐具。think about sth考虑 Lets think about the fruit and vegetables.让我们考虑一下水果和蔬菜。have fun=have a good time玩得高兴 Have fun.玩得开心! good luck(to sb)祝(某人)好运 Wish you good luck.=Good luck to y
4、ou.祝你好运。sb be lucky某人运气好 She is lucky.她运气好。wait for sb等待某人 I am waiting for you.我一直在等你。 arrive late for=be late for为而迟到 Dont arrive late for work.上班不要迟到。fight with sb和某人大家 Dont fight with your classmates. 不要和你的同学打架。make friends交朋友 I want to make friends with you.我想和你交朋友。make sure确信 Please make sure
5、he is at home.请确认他在家。make ones bed铺床 Every morning I must make my bed.每天早上我必须铺床。make noise制造噪音 Dont make noise.不要制造噪音。keep quiet=be quiet保持安静 Keep quiet, please.请保持安静。=Please keep quiet.keep healthy保持健康 Running can keep us healthy.跑步能保持我们健康。keep cool保持冷静 Keep cool, dont fight with him.保持冷静,不要和他打架。ke
6、ep up with跟上 You must keep up with other students.你必须跟上其他学生。3. rule规则(复数形式rules)family rules家规school rules校规follow the rules=obey the rules遵守规则break the rules违反规则make rules制定规则4. “到达”的用法表达get to+地方arrive in+大地方arrive at+小地方reach+地方get to school = reach school = arrive at school到达学校注意:home, there, he
7、re是副词,因此介词to、in、at要省略,如get home到家5. listen to、hear和sound辨析:两者都表示“听”的意思listen 有意识地听,但不一定听到什么,强调“听”这个动作,结构“listen+to+宾语”hear强调听的结果,“听见”。sound听起来,系动词+adj做表语He cant hear you because he is listening to music now.他听不见你,因为他正在听音乐。That sounds interesting.那听起来有趣。 6. time及相关短语表时间,不可数名词 What time is it now?现在是什
8、么时间?(几点了?)time 表次数,可数名词 three times三次at the same time同时in time及时on time 准时all the time一直,总是=alwaysfor the first time第一次at times有时,偶尔in the morning/in the afternoon/in the evening在早上/在下午/在晚上at noon=in the middle of the day在中午at night泛指在晚上on school days在上学的白天on school nights在上学的晚上7. wear、put on和get dr
9、essed辨析wear表“穿着、戴着”的状态。 She is wearing a red dress today.她今天穿着一件红裙子。put on表“穿上、戴上”的动作 Please put on your coat. It is very cold outside.请穿上你的外套,外面很冷。get dressed 是 get +adj 的用法,dressed是一个过去分词充当形容词,意思是“穿好衣服的”=dress oneself8. have to和must辨析have to +动词原形,强调客观需要;否定形式dont have to不必must+动词原形,强调主观看法Because i
10、t is raining outside, I have to take an umbrella.因为外面正在下雨,我不得不带伞。You dont have to get up so early.你不必这么早起床。I must finish my homework before half past eight in the evening.我必须在晚上八点半之前完成我的家庭作业。9. bringto把带到来bringfrom从带来Please bring your English books to school.请把英语书带到学校来。I bring some bread from home.我
11、从家带来了一些面包。10. practice用法practice+名词 I must practice the guitar every day.我每天必须练习吉他。practice+动名词(V-ing)She practices playing the piano after dinner.她晚餐后练习弹钢琴。11. help用法help sb with sth/V-ing I must help my mom with housework.我必须帮助我妈妈做家务。 Can you help me with washing the dishes?你能帮助我清洗餐具吗?help sb (to)
12、 do sth I need to help my students learn English.我需要帮助我的学生学习英语。12. too many,too much,much to用法辨析too many+可数名词复数,表示“太多”too much+不可数名词,表示“太多”much too+形容词/副词,表示“太”There are too many rules at school.学校有太多规则。He eats too much ice-cream他吃了太多冰激凌。His T-shirt is much too large.他的衬衫太大了。13. 正反义词小结interesting, f
13、un有趣的boring无聊的noisy吵闹的(noise噪音,不可数名词)quiet安静的unimportant不重要的important重要的happy高兴的unhappy不高兴的sad伤心的clean干净的dirty脏的big大的small小的long长的short短的tall高的short矮的new新的old老的,旧的fat胖的thin,slim瘦的outside在外面inside在里面friendly友好的unfriendly不友好的14. strict用法be strict with sb对某人要求严格be strict in sth对某事要求严格My father is very
14、strict with me.我的父亲对我要求很严格。His mother is strict with everything.他的妈妈对所有事情都很严格。15. remember,forget用法 remember to do sth记得要做某事(事情还未做)Please remember to finish your homework.请记得做你们的家庭作业。remember doing sth记得做过某事(事情已做) I remember cleaning my room.我记得到扫过我的房间了。forget to do sth忘记要做某事(事情还未做) I forget to brin
15、g your books to school.我忘记带你的书到学校了。forget doing sth忘记做过某事(事情已做) I forget doing the dishes.我忘记清洗过餐具了。16. look,see,watch和read用法辨析look强调看的动作 look at看,look for寻找,look after照顾see强调看的结果,看见watch观看,注视,尤其是动态的画面read读,阅读,常和book,magazine搭配Please look at the blackboard请看黑板。 I am looking for you.我正在寻找你。Please loo
16、k after my pet dog on weekends.请在周末照顾我的宠物狗。I can see you.我能看见你。We want to watch the basketball game on Saturday.我们想在星期六观看篮球比赛。I must read a book before I go to bed.在我上床睡觉之前,我必须看一本书。17. 句型 a) What do you think of?=How do you like?你认为怎么样?What do you think of this article?=How do you like this article?
17、你认为这篇文字怎么样?What does she think of Yueyang?=How does she like Yueyang?她认为岳阳怎么样?b) 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what和how引导,what和how与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感叹句:what意为多么用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。结构: what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is). What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的
18、姑娘呀! What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀! What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀! What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀! 二、 由how引导的感叹句:how意为多么,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。结构: How+adj.(
19、adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is). How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀! How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀! How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀! How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀! 三、 在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用what引导,也可用how引导。 What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀! What tall buildings th
20、ey are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀! What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀! What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀! 四、 感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀! What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀! What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀! How
21、 cool! 好凉快呀! How wonderful! 精彩极了!Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?1. 句型why引导的特殊疑问句表示询问做某件事的原因,其结构为“why+一般疑问句?”意为“为什么做?”,常用because(因为)引导的状语从句来回答。-Why are you late for class?你为什么上课迟到?-Because I get up late in the morning.因为今早我起床起晚了。注意:在同一个句子中,because(因为)和so(所以)不能同时出现。I like math because it is very intere
22、sting.我喜欢数学因为它很有趣。Math is very interesting, so I like it.数学很有趣,所以我喜欢它。2. 形容词的用法a) 表示人或事物属性或特征的词叫形容词。形容词一般用来修饰名词。a small park一个小公园b) 形容词在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语This is a big supermarket.这是一个大超市。(big作定语)Im hungry.我饿了。(hungry作表语)The news makes her happy.这个消息使她高兴。(happy作宾语补足语)3. 短语be friendly to sb=be good to
23、sb对某人友好walk on two legs用两条腿走路all day=the whole day整天in (great) danger处于(极大)危险中【danger(名词,危险)dangerous(形容词,危险的)】cut down砍到cut up切碎cut in插嘴cut ones hair剪头发be made of由制成,从成品中能看出原材料be made from 由制成,不能从成品中看出原材料4. kind用法n(名词)种类,品种 a kind of一种 this/that kind of这/那种 all kinds of各种各样的 many kinds of许多种adj(形容词
24、)善良的,好心的 She is very kind.她非常善良。kind of+形容词/副词,意为“有点儿,稍微”=a little, a bit Math is kind of difficult for me.数学对于我来说有点难。5. go to bed, fall asleep与go to sleep辨析go to bed上床,睡觉go to sleep入睡,强调去睡觉fall asleep睡着,强调睡着了的动作6. lose与get lost辨析sb lose sth某人丢失某物sth get/be lost某物丢失了sb get lost某人迷路了I lost my watch.我
25、丢失了我的手表。(lost为lose 的过去式)My watch get lost.我的手表丢了。I get lost.我迷路了。7. over用法a) 意为“超过”=more thanb) 意为“在上方”(两物体不接触);on意为“在上面”(两物体接触)The old man is over 70 years old.那位老人70多岁了。There is a bridge over the river.那条河上有座桥。8. save用法a) 拯救、挽救 save ones life救命b) 保存、储存save money存钱c) 节省、节约save water节约用水9. Why dont
26、you+动词原形?与“Why not+动词原形?”Why dont you?是特殊疑问句的否定形式,表示单纯询问原因,该句型还可表示向对方提出建议,意为“为什么不?”,其同义句为“Why not?”Why dont you like this cat?你为什么不喜欢这只猫?=Why not like this cat?10. from fromto从到be from=come from来自Please count from one to one hundred.请从一数到一百。He is from China.=He comes from China.他来自中国。11. with的用法a) 和
27、一起 I play basketball with my classmates after school.放学后我和同学们一起打篮球b) “名词+with+名词”意为“带有的” The elephants can also remember places with food and water.大象也能记住带有食物和水的地方。Unit 6 I am watching TV.1. 现在进行时用法:a) 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作b) 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作基本结构:be动词+动词ing形式基本标志:常与现在进行时连用的时间状语、时间副词或其他标志性词语有no
28、w, at this time, these days, look, listen等基本句式:1) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+动词ing形式+其它?(用来询问正在做什么)What are you doing over there?你在那里做什么?2) 陈述句:a) 肯定形式:主语+be动词+动词ing形式+其它。(用来回答或描述自己正在做什么)I am washing my clothes.我在洗衣服。b) 否定形式:主语+be动词+not+动词ing形式+其它。He isnt reading books.他没在读书。3) 一般疑问句及回答:be动词+主语+动词ing形式+其它?
29、(用来询问是否在做某事)(一提二改三问号) Yes, 主语+be动词。/No, 主语+be动词+not。 Are you watching TV now?你现在在看电视吗? Yes, I am./No, I am not.是的,我在看。/不,我没看。 2. 动词-ing形式变化规则a) 直接在词尾加ing:play-playing, go-going, eat-eating, see-seeingb) 以不发音的e结尾,去e+ing:take-taking, write-writing, make-makingc) 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ingr
30、un-running, swim-swimming, stop-stopping, shop-shoppingd) 以ie结尾的词,变ie为y,再加ing:die-dying, tie-tying3. 短语talk on the phone通过电话交谈read a newspaper看报 read a book看书make dinner做晚餐 make soup做汤drink tea喝茶go to the movies去看电影use the computer使用电脑wash the dishes=do the dishes洗餐具wash the clothes洗衣服Id love to很想(干
31、)younger brother弟弟 older brother哥哥younger sister妹妹 older sister姐姐boat races船赛Dragon Boat Festival龙舟节、端午节host family寄宿家庭the living room起居室 客厅the dining room 餐厅the washing room洗手间at home在家 4. 昨天、今天、明天the day before yesterday前天yesterday昨天today今天tomorrow明天the day after tomorrow后天Today is Tuesday, so tom
32、orrow is Wednesday.今天是星期二,所以明天是星期三。5. both与all辨析a) both(两者)都b) all(三者/三者以上)都Both of us like reading.我们两个人都喜欢看书。All of our classmates like math.我们所有同学都喜欢数学。6. house、home与family辨析house侧重指“家人居住的房子”,不带感情色彩home侧重指“家”,有感情色彩family侧重指“家庭成员”,与住房无关7. watch用法n手表 v观看,强调看活的、动的画面或东西,如看电视、看球赛,观察昆虫等I want to buy a
33、new watch.我想买一块新的手表。Lets watch TV now.我们现在去看电视吧。8. 名词变复数规律规则变化:a) 名词变复数有规律,一般词尾加sb) 辅音字母+y型,改y为i加esc) s,x真有趣,ch,sh都加+esd) f, fe真有趣,字母v来把它替,es在后别忘记【妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。例如:leaf(树叶,叶子),half(一半),self(自已),wife(妻子),knife(刀子),shelf(架子),wolf(狼),thief(窃贼,强盗)和life(生命)】e) 字母o来真神奇,有生命加es,没有生命加s(黑人英雄
34、爱吃西红柿和土豆,Negro-Negroes黑人,hero-heroes英雄,tomato-tomatoes西红柿,patato-potatoes土豆)不规则变化:a) 男人女人a变e,鹅足牙oo变eeb) 老鼠虱婆也好记,ous变icc) 孩子加上ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变man(男人)men;woman(女人)women;foot(足)feet;goose(鹅)geese;tooth(牙齿)feet;child(儿童)children(近义词kidkids)fish(鱼)、sheep(绵羊)、 deer(鹿)复数形式不变9. some与any辨析some多用在肯定句中,还可以用在表示邀请、请求
35、或期待得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中any多用在否定句或疑问句中I need some water.我需要一些水。Can you give me some bananas?你能给我一些香蕉了。I do not need any help.我不需要任何帮助。10. other、the other与another辨析other指不定数目中“其他的人或物”,作代词the other用于两者之中的另外一个,既可作形容词,也可作代词another指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”,作形容词或代词,作形容词时只修饰单数名词。What other things do you like?你还喜欢其他什么东西?Ther
36、e are two apples on the table. One is red, the other is green.桌上有两个苹果,一个是红色的,一个是绿色的。Can you give me another pen like this one?你能给我另外一支像这样的笔吗?11. miss用法v怀念、思念 I miss my friends.我想念我的朋友们。v错过、未赶上 If you dont get up early, you may miss the train.如果你不早点起床,你可能会错过火车。12. on the phone在电话上,通过电话watchon TV通过电视看
37、on为介词,表示方式,意为“通过”I am learning English on the radio.我正通过收音机学英语。13. wish to do sth希望做某事I wish to be a policeman.我希望成为一名警察。14. go out外出(娱乐)eat out出去吃饭My parents are not at home. We can eat out.我的父母不在家。我们可以出去吃。My parents do not let me go out on school nights.上学的晚上,我的父母不让我外出。15. hostn 主人,主持人,东道主v 主持,主办,
38、举办England is the host country of 30th Olympics, the country hosted the Olympics in London.英国是第30届奥运会举办国家,这个国家在伦敦举办的奥运会。16. sureadv 的确,当然=certainly -Do you want to go to the park?你想去公园吗? -Sure当然adj 确信的,有把握的 be sure of确信,相信 I am sure of his word.我相信他说的话。 be sure to do一定会,准会,表示说话人的推测 He is sure to come
39、 here.他一定会来这儿的。 Thats for sure.那是当然。17. 基础训练中出现的新单词与短语:turn down关小 Please turn down the TV, please. I am talking on the phone.请关小电视机音量,我正在讲电话。wait for等待 I am waiting for you.我在等你。 v回答 Please answer this question.请回答这个问题。answer v 接电话 The telephone is ringing and I have to answer it.电话正在响,我不得不去接电话。 n答
40、案 Please write your answers on the blackboard.请将答案写在黑板上。have a rest休息会儿tired疲劳的 She is too tired.她太累了。hold举着、拿着 He is holding a small board in his hands. 他手里拿着一块小板子。come over过来;突然感到;顺便来访;在上空上方经过schoolboy男学生 schoolgirl女学生try to do努力做某事He tries to finish the homework before half past nine.他努力在九点半之前完成作
41、业。try doing 试着做某事Why dont you try washing your clothes?你为什么不试着洗你的衣服?in the end最后wife老婆、妻子husband老公、丈夫close关上open打开look at看 Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。look after 照顾 My grandma is ill and I must look after her.我奶奶病了,我必须照顾她。look for寻找 My watch is lost. I am looking for it everywhere.我的手表丢了。我正到处寻找它。sit 坐(动词);seat座位(名词)glasses眼镜 wear a pair of glasses戴一副眼镜10
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