2021年高考英语拉分题专项训练(必修五)-专题25-First-aid(知识部分).docx

《必修五》 Unit 5 First Aid
【重点词汇】
1. aid n.&vt.挂念；救济；资助
1) They aided flood victims.他们救济患病水灾的灾民。
2) They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。
3) A dictionary is an important aid for many language learners.
字典对于很多语言学习者来说是个很重要的工具。
2. tissue n.[U](生理)组织; [C]纸巾,手巾纸
the muscular tissue肌肉组织 a box of tissues 一盒纸巾
Her whole story was a tissue of lies.她的整个故事是一套谎言。
3. squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨
1) The separated mother and daughter squeezed through the crowd and hugged together.
失散多时的母女挤过人群紧紧抱在一起。
2)The thief squeezed himself into a bus to seek the chance of stealing.
小偷挤入拥挤的公共汽车查找作案机会。
4. present 1) vt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现 2) n. 礼物, 现在 3) adj.现在的, 出席的, 当面的

1) A series of famous plays will be present during the Spring Festival.
春节期间将上演一系列好戏。
2) Thirty guests were present at the ceremony. 有三十位客人出席这次典礼
3) The guests present were very satisfied with the atmosphere of the party.
到场的来宾都对晚会的气氛表示满足。
4) Presents will be sent for customers along with the electrical appliance.买家电付送礼物。
[5. authentic adj.真实的；真正的；可信的
1) To save others’ lives, he had to look for an authentic person to send out the message.
为解救其他人的性命， 他得查找一个牢靠的人将消息带出去。
2) People should sign down their authentic signature when using credit card.
使用信用卡时，人们需要亲笔签名。

【重点短语】
1．fall ill生病(get ill, become ill)
The rescue team worked day and night and many people fell ill at last.
救援队伍不分白天黑夜地工作，结果很多人病倒了。
The giant panda became ill because of the strange climate.由于奇异的气候，这只大熊猫病了
2. in place在适当的位置, 适当
1) I like to have everything in place.我宠爱全部的东西都摆好。
2) I thin it’s not quite in place to visit him at the moment.我觉得这个时候去探望他不妥当。
3) Cars were out of place after the flood.
洪水过后，汽车被冲得乱七八糟。
3. put one’s hands on找到，得到某物
1）After days of searching, he finally put his hands on his dying wife under the stones.
经过多天查找，他最终在乱石下找到了他的奄奄一息的妻子。
2） In the dark night, he eventually put his hands on his glasses.
在黑暗中，他最终摸到了他的眼镜。
4. make a difference (1)有很大差别, 有很大 不同 (2) 有很大的关系[影响]
1) Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.
他是否能得到父母的支持对这个方案的影响很大。
2) Does it any difference whether he’ll attend the meeting?
他出不出席会议有什么区分吗？

【重点句型】
1. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms.Slade’s life. 毫无疑问,正是约翰快捷的动作和他在中学所学的急救学问救了斯莱德女士的命.
[解释] There is no doubt that毫无疑问… There is some doubt whether是否……,还有些疑问
1）There is some doubt whether the young man can undertake such an important task.
这个年轻人是否能担当此重任仍有疑问.
2)There is no doubt that the evidence available is favorable for us.
毫无疑问,证据是对我方有利.
2.Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.不要擦拭，由于这样会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。
[解释] “get+过去分词”表被动，表状态。
1) In China, most workers get paid by month.在中国，大部分工人按月领公司。
2) So, as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.因此，如你所想象的，假如你的皮肤被烧伤了，就会变得格外的严峻。
3.So, as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.
句子结构：as 从句在句中充当插入成分。
Dictionary plays an important role in our English study. So, as we all know, if you have a dictionary of you own, you can look up some new words in it on your own.
词典在我们的英语学习中起着格外大的作用。因而，如我们所知，假如你有一本自己的词典，你就可以自己查询一些生词。
4.Your skin also keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain; and it gives you your sense of touch.
用分号或逗号并列四个单句。
The sun sinks behind the great castle-crested（装饰）mountains; the night falls suddenly; the river grows darker and darker; and lights quiver（抖动）in it from the windows in the old ramparts（壁垒）, and twinkle peacefully in the villages under the hills on the opposite shore.
太阳从山顶上的古堡后面落了下去。黑夜突然降落，河水的颜色也越变越深。从年深日久的堡垒窗口发出的灯光射在河面上闪闪抖动。对岸山脚下的村庄里也静静地闪烁着灯光。
5. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
if possible 实际上是省略了if 引导的条件状语从句中的主语it is在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，若主句的主语和从句的主语全都，且从句的谓语动词中含有be时，就可以省略掉从句的主语和be动词。
When you read English books, don’ t use your dictionary and you can use it, if necessary, when you write English articles
当你读英语书时，不要使用英语词典；当你在写英语时，假如有必要，你可以使用词典。

【重点语法】 省略
一、简洁句中的省略
1.在对话中
--How is your mother today?
--She is ) much better.
2.在祈使句中 （You) open the door,please.
3.在感叹句中 What a (good) boy (he is)!
4.表示讲话人的意见和看法
(It) sounds fine to me.
5.提问
(Is there) anything wrong?
6.名词全部格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已示意或明确指出过的事物
At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days.
7.前面毁灭过的动词在下文再次毁灭时可以单纯使用不定式符号to
–Have you ever been to the seaside?
--No,we can’t afford to (go to the seaside).
二、 并列句中的省略
1. 后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略
She was poor but (she was) honest.
2.有时并列句中的省略部分毁灭在前面的分句中，看完最终一个分句才能把握全句的完整意义。
Mary can （speak English）and Mary ought to speak English.
三、惯用的省略结构
1.无动词祈使句,无主句祝愿句,这类句子往往用感叹号.
If only I could remember his name!
2. 固定句型How/What about + n/pron/-ing.
What about some more milk?
3. Why not +省去to的动词不定式。
Why not go at once?
四、 复合句中的省略
1. 主句中的省略
1）主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。（It’s a) pity you couldn’t come.
2）在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。
--Shall I go to play? --If you like.(you can go to play).
2. 宾语从句中的省略
1）由which,when,where,how和why 引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。
Please pass me one of these books, I don’t care which (you pass me).
2) 在I’m afraid,I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so 与 not 分别用于确定或否定宾语是，宾语从句可省去。
—Do you think it will rain?
--I hope not (that it will not rain).
3. 状语从句中的省略
1） 状语从句毁灭在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。
Coming swimming?You don’t have to (coming swimming) if you don’t want to (coming swimming) .
2) 有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
3) 以as,than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。
After half a hour, she become quieter (than she had been.)

总结：
一、在含有状语从句的复合句中
由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 　　
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
　2. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 　　
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
二、在限定性定语从句中
作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。
1. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. 　　
A.the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you.
A. something B. anything C. all D. that

三、 在感官动词或短语中
　　在see，watchhear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语” 结构中，不定式前省略to；有时为了避开重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号；不定式在tell，ask， advise， wish， permit， force等动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to；不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。
四、在if引导的虚拟条件句中
在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。