英语单词词性和句子成分分析省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语语法学习秘诀英语语法学习秘诀第1页词类词类作用作用例例 词词1.(n.)名名词词表示人或事物名称。I bought a book.She is a student.2.(pron.)代代词词代替名代替名词词、数数词词等。等。This is my friend.He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him.PartsofSpeech3.(art.)冠冠词词用来限制名词意义I have a pet dog.The dog is very lovely.He is an old man but very strong.第2页4.(adj.)形容形容词词表示人或事物特征或性状。He is small but he is clever.The red pen is useful for the teacher.He painted the wall white yesterday.5.(num.)数数词词表示数目或次序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.6.(v.)动词动词表示表示动动作或状作或状态态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.第3页7.(adv.)副副 词词表示动作特征或性状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly.The train goes fast.He seldom comes to see us.8.(prep.)介介 词词表示名词、代词和其它词之间关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.第4页9.(conj.)连词连词连接词与词或句与句作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.Two or three of us can dance well but I cant.10.(interj.)感感叹词叹词表示强烈感情Oh!How beautiful the scene is!What a good idea!Goodness!第5页动动词词分分类类连系动词连系动词实意动词实意动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词动词是英语句子关键！动词是英语句子关键！第6页MembersofaSentenceMembersofaSentence第7页一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明人或事物。主句子说明人或事物。主语普通位于语普通位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首第8页1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情情态动词和助动词态动词和助动词.动词动词第9页 情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起组成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起组成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.第10页1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词一词He is a teacher.2）连续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况）连续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayHe always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持缄默。他开会时总保持缄默。系动词系动词第11页3）表像系动词，用来表示）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，主要这一概念，主要有有seem,appear,look,比如：比如：He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4）感官系动词，主要有）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThis flower smells very sweet.第12页5）改变系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有）改变系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHe became mad after that.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn outThe rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他计划终于成功了。他计划终于成功了。第13页三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语：动作行为对象，说明主语做什么。普通：动作行为对象，说明主语做什么。普通放在放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人是间接宾语，指物是直接宾语。：指人是间接宾语，指物是直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词第14页表语表语：跟在连系动词后面词语或从句：跟在连系动词后面词语或从句,用来用来说明主语身份说明主语身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.四、表语四、表语第15页定语：用来修饰定语：用来修饰_.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词名词第16页状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目等。六、状语六、状语第17页John often came to chat with me()As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.()She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.()My father worked in this school ten years ago.()Though he is young,he knows a lot.()He came running.()程度，目地点，伴随地点，伴随地点，时间地点，时间让步让步方式方式原因原因第18页补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语身份或特补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语身份或特征。征。七、补语七、补语Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）（主补）第19页同位语是位于名词或代词后面个别名词或同位语是位于名词或代词后面个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语八、同位语第20页时态时态主主动语态语态普通未来普通未来时过去未来去未来时普通普通现在在时普通普通过去去时现在在进行行时过去去进行行时现在完成在完成时过去完成去完成时现在完成在完成进行行时过去完成去完成进行行时未来完成未来完成时willdowoulddodo/doesdidis/am/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonehas/havebeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavedone第21页时态时态被被动语态语态普通未来普通未来时过去未来去未来时普通普通现在在时普通普通过去去时现在在进行行时过去去进行行时现在完成在完成时过去完成去完成时现在完成在完成进行行时过去完成去完成进行行时未来完成未来完成时willbedonewouldbedoneis/am/aredonewas/weredoneis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewillhavebeendone第22页一、主语一、主语 主语能够用下面这些形式表示：主语能够用下面这些形式表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正主语从句是真正主语第23页 当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，防止头重脚轻，所以惯用防止头重脚轻，所以惯用it作形式主语作形式主语置置于于句首句首，而将真正主语放在句尾。此时，而将真正主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语作形式主语？第24页 你能划出以下句子真正主语吗你能划出以下句子真正主语吗?你知道翻译以你知道翻译以下句子吗？下句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误。说谎是错误。争吵是没用。争吵是没用。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。第25页二、宾语二、宾语 宾语能够用下面这些形式表示：宾语能够用下面这些形式表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语第26页三、表语三、表语 表语能够用下面这些形式表示：表语能够用下面这些形式表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词第27页四、定语四、定语 定语能够用下面这些形式表示：定语能够用下面这些形式表示：1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词全部格名词全部格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词第28页四、定语四、定语 定语能够用下面这些形式表示：定语能够用下面这些形式表示：9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.()11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?()12.This is the very book that I need.()过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句第29页五、状语五、状语 状语能够用下面这些形式表示状语能够用下面这些形式表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.()5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.()6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句第30页五、状语五、状语 状语能够用下面这些状语能够用下面这些形式形式形式形式表示：表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.()10.He was angry because we were late()11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句第31页六、宾语补足语：六、宾语补足语：六、宾语补足语：六、宾语补足语：1.I consider Jim I consider Jim a good frienda good friend.().()2.I always find her I always find her happyhappy.().()3.People praised him People praised him as a heroas a hero.().()4.I had the TV I had the TV fixedfixed.().()5.I saw him I saw him enteringentering the building.()the building.()6.What made youWhat made you think think so?()so?()7.Do you want me Do you want me to goto go?()?()形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to不定式不定式不定式不定式第32页英语句子种类英语句子种类简单句简单句(simplesentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)第33页英语简单句英语简单句五五种种基基本本句句型型第34页英语五种基本句型列式以下：英语五种基本句型列式以下：基本句型一基本句型一:(主谓主谓)基本句型二基本句型二:(主系表主系表)基本句型三基本句型三:(主谓宾主谓宾)基本句型四基本句型四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五基本句型五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)第35页基本句型一基本句型一主谓主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.第36页基本句型一基本句型一主谓主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The penwrites smoothly.第37页基本句型二基本句型二主系表主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.第38页基本句型二基本句型二主系表主系表SVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.His faceturnedred.第39页基本句型三基本句型三主谓宾主谓宾S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmorning.”第40页基本句型三基本句型三主谓宾主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good morning.”第41页基本句型四基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）o（多指人多指人）O（多指物多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.第42页基本句型四基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）oOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.第43页基本句型五基本句型五S+V（及物）（及物）+O(宾语宾语)+C（宾补）（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.第44页基本句型五基本句型五SV（及物）（及物）O(宾语宾语)C（宾补宾补）Wemust keep the door open.The news makesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldme to wash the plates.Isawa thiefgoing into your room.第45页谢谢谢！谢！放映结束 感激各位批评指导！让我们共同进步第46页母母爱爱母爱是伞，为你遮风挡雨。母爱是伞，为你遮风挡雨。母爱是衣，为你送去温暖。母爱是衣，为你送去温暖。母爱是灯，为你送去光明。母爱是灯，为你送去光明。母爱是光，照亮你心灵。母爱是光，照亮你心灵。在严寒年代里，母爱是温暖。在严寒年代里，母爱是温暖。在温暖年代里，母爱是关心。在温暖年代里，母爱是关心。在文明年代里，母爱是道德。在文明年代里，母爱是道德。在欢乐年代里，母爱是幸福。在欢乐年代里，母爱是幸福。第47页