法律英语典型句型的翻译省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

法律英语经典句型翻译第1页1.引言n n改革开放以后，尤其是中国加入世贸组织后，法律翻译成为热点。n n一方面是为了让世界了解中国法律制度和具体法律法规，需要将大量中国法律文本译成外文。n n其次，为了学习借鉴国外先进法制建设成果，需要将大量国外法律法规法学著作等译成外文。第2页n n然而，因为法律文本意思艰深艰涩、用词古板守旧、句型复杂冗长等特点，使得法律翻译难度大大高于其它类型翻译实践。n n法律文本用词用语有僵化倾向，一些句型重复使用频率非常高；而且，法律翻译一个主要标准就是保持术语和句型结构在译文中同一性。所以，假如能掌握这类经典句型翻译，能够大大提升翻译翻译工作效率。n n本讲撷取法律文本中高频句型并就其经典译法进行讨论。第3页2.法律英语经典句型翻译2.1 OTHERWISEn nOtherwise 在法律英语中使用方法：1.1.跟unless引导句子（让步状语从句）连用；2.2.置放在连词or之后使用；3.3.与than一起，通惯用来否定句子主语。第4页n n例 1n n In this Ordinance,unless the context otherwise requires,state means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality.(Laws of Hong Kong,Cap.30,Wills Ordinance,Art.2)n n 在本条例中除文意另有所指外,“国家”指拥有本身国籍法领域或一组领域。第5页n n例 2n n A notice under subjection(1)shall,unless it otherwise provides,apply to the income from any property specified therein as it applies to the property itself.n n 依据第（1）款发出通知书除其中另有订定外亦适合用于通知书内指明财产收入一如适合用于该项财产本身。第6页n n例3n n Any person who by threats,persuasion or otherwise induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offence.n n 任何人籍恐吓怂恿或以其它伎俩诱使证人或一方当事人不在仲裁处聆讯中作证即属犯罪。第7页n n例例4 4n nIf If 2 2 or or more more persons persons are are defendants defendants to to a a claim,claim,as as partners partners or or otherwiseotherwise,a a process process may may be be served served on on any any of of them them and and an an award award may may be be obtained obtained and and execution execution issued issued against against any any person person so so served served notwithstanding notwithstanding that that any any other other persons persons jointly jointly liable liable may may not not have have been been served served or or been been a a party party or or may may not be within the jurisdiction of the Board.not be within the jurisdiction of the Board.n n 如如有有2 2名名或或以以上上人人以以合合作作人人或或其其它它身身分分而而属属同同一一宗宗申申索索被被告告人人法法律律程程序序文文件件可可送送达达予予其其中中任任何何一一人人而而判判定定该该收收件件人人败败诉诉裁裁定定可可由由申申索索人人取取得得执执行行程程序序亦亦可可向向该该受受件件人人进进行行即即使使任任何何其其它它共共同同有有责责人人可可能能未未取取得得送送达达法法律律程程序序文文件件或或不不属属当当事事人人或或不不在在仲仲裁处司法管辖权范围内裁处司法管辖权范围内均无例外。均无例外。第8页n n例例 5 5n nNo will or any part thereof shall be revoked No will or any part thereof shall be revoked otherwise thanotherwise than-n n (a)by marriage as provided by section 13;or (a)by marriage as provided by section 13;orn n (b)(b)by by another another will will executed executed in in accordance accordance with with section section 5;5;ororn n (c)(c)by by a a written written revocation revocation executed executed in in the the manner manner in in which the will was executed;orwhich the will was executed;orn n (d)(d)by by the the burning,burning,tearing tearing or or otherwise otherwise destroying destroying of of it it by by the the testator,testator,or or by by some some person person in in his his presence presence and and by by his his direction,with the intention of revoking it.direction,with the intention of revoking it.n n除籍以下方式外除籍以下方式外任何遗嘱全部或任何部分任何遗嘱全部或任何部分均不得撤消均不得撤消-n n (a)(a)依据第依据第1313条要求籍缔结婚姻而撤消条要求籍缔结婚姻而撤消或或n n (b)(b)籍按照第籍按照第5 5条签立另一份遗嘱而撤消条签立另一份遗嘱而撤消或或n n (c)(c)籍依照签立遗嘱方式签立遗嘱撤消书而撤消籍依照签立遗嘱方式签立遗嘱撤消书而撤消或或n n (d)(d)由由立立遗遗嘱嘱人人或或由由其其它它人人在在立立遗遗嘱嘱人人面面前前并并依依其其指指示示将遗嘱烧毁将遗嘱烧毁撕毁或以其它方法毁灭撕毁或以其它方法毁灭而其意愿是撤消该遗嘱。而其意愿是撤消该遗嘱。第9页2.2 SUBJECT TOn n该短语在法律英文中普通都跟“agreement”,“section”,“contract”等法律文件名或文件中特定条款名配合使用。n n通常可翻译成“以为条件”、“依据要求”、“在符合情况下”、“除另有要求外”以及“在不抵触下”等。第10页n n例 6 n nSubject to this section,an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by rules made under subsection(5).n n在符合本条要求下,上诉须按依据(5)款订立规则内订明方式提出,并须受该规则所订明条件规限。第11页n n例7 n nSubject to subsection(3),the Board shall have jurisdiction to inquire into,hear and determine the claims specified in the Schedule.n n除第（3）款另有要求外仲裁处具备查讯聆讯及裁决附表内指明申索司法管辖权。第12页2.3 WITHOUT PREJUDICE TOn n这个英文法律短语功效相当于普通英文中这个英文法律短语功效相当于普通英文中“without affecting”“without affecting”。与上一节。与上一节“subject to.”“subject to.”句法结构相同，跟在句法结构相同，跟在“without prejudice to”“without prejudice to”这个这个短语之后通常是一个指代某项法律条款名词。但短语之后通常是一个指代某项法律条款名词。但对相关事物或条款规限程度，没有前者那么强硬。对相关事物或条款规限程度，没有前者那么强硬。前者规限程度是必须前者规限程度是必须“符合符合”或或“依照依照”相关条相关条款或要求，后者指不要影响或损害其规限事物。款或要求，后者指不要影响或损害其规限事物。在汉语中，其意思相当于在汉语中，其意思相当于“在不损害在不损害标准下标准下”、“在不影响在不影响情况下情况下”、“不受影响不受影响”、“不妨碍不妨碍”、以及、以及“不规限不规限”等等。等等。第13页n n例 8n n Without prejudice to section 24,the following shall be treated as properly executed.n n在不影响第24条要求标准下以下遗嘱须视为正式签立第14页n n例例 9 9n n Without Without prejudice prejudice toto the the rights rights of of the the Attorney Attorney General General every every complainant complainant or or informant informant shall shall be be at at liberty liberty to to conduct conduct the the complaint complaint or or information information respectively respectively and and to to have have the the witnesses witnesses examined examined and and cross-examined cross-examined by by him him or by counsel on his behalf.or by counsel on his behalf.n n 在在不不损损害害律律政政司司权权利利标标准准下下每每名名申申诉诉人人或或告告发发人人可可进进行行其其申申诉诉或或告告发发并并亲亲自自或或由由代代表表律律师师讯问及盘问证人。讯问及盘问证人。第15页2.4 WHEREn n 在普通英文中，用where引导状语从句，普通为地点状语从句。但在法律英文中，where引导是法律条款中条件状语从句，相当于“in the case where”。在香港，其最经典译法是“凡.”or“如.”。比如：第16页n n例 10n n Where a defendant is fined and the same is not forthwith paid,the magistrate may order the defendant to be searched.n n 凡被告人被判处罚款但没有随即缴付罚款裁判官可命令搜查被告人。第17页n n例例 11 11n n Where Where a a claimant claimant has has a a claim claim which which exceeds exceeds the the monetary monetary amount amount mentioned mentioned in in the the Schedule Schedule and and which,which,but but for for the the excess,excess,would would be be within within the the jurisdiction jurisdiction of of the the Board,Board,the the claimant claimant may may abandon abandon the the excess,excess,and and thereupon thereupon the the Board Board shall shall have have jurisdiction jurisdiction to to inquire inquire into,into,hear hear and and determine determine the the claim.claim.n n如如只只因因申申索索人人申申索索超超逾逾附附表表所所述述款款额额以以致致该该申申索索超超逾逾仲仲裁裁处处司司法法管管辖辖权权范范围围则则申申索索人人可可放放弃弃追追讨讨超超额额款款项项而而在在此此情情况况下下仲仲裁裁处处有有查查讯讯聆聆讯讯及及裁裁决决该该宗申索司法管辖权。宗申索司法管辖权。第18页2.5 ANY PERSON WHO DOES.SHALL.n n在法律条例中，尤其是在各地刑法条例中在法律条例中，尤其是在各地刑法条例中(或类似或类似性质条例性质条例)，“any person who does shall be“any person who does shall be guilty of an offence”guilty of an offence”这种句型重复率相当高，因这种句型重复率相当高，因为法律主要功效是界定何种行为属于违法以及应为法律主要功效是界定何种行为属于违法以及应受到怎样处罚，而这个句型是其中一个最简明、受到怎样处罚，而这个句型是其中一个最简明、直接表示方式。在句法上，这个句型通常会把主直接表示方式。在句法上，这个句型通常会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定语修饰词。语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定语修饰词。n n以下是经典例句及其若干变种：以下是经典例句及其若干变种：第19页n n例 12n nAny person who,without lawful authority or reasonable excuse,while having dealings of any kind with any other public body,offers any advantage to any public servant employed by that public body,shall be guilty of an offence.n n 任何人与其它公共机构进行任何事务往来时无正当权限或合理辩解而向受雇于该公共机构公职人员提供任何利益即属犯罪。第20页n n例 13n n A person shall not,by reason only of his being an executor of a will,be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of such will,or a witness to prove the validity or invalidity thereof.n n 任何人不会仅因为身为遗嘱执行人而没有资格获接收为见证人以证实遗嘱签立或证实该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。第21页n n例 14n n At the hearing of a complaint or information,a party may be represented by counsel;and an absent party so represented shall be deemed not to be absent.n n 在申诉或告发案聆讯时任何一方均可由代表律师代表；某一方如有律师代表即使缺席亦不看成缺席。第22页2.6 FOR THE PURPOSE(S)OF .n n在在大大部部分分情情况况下下，普普通通辞辞典典里里“为为.目目标标”这这 一一 解解 释释 并并 不不 适适 正正 当当 律律 英英 语语 中中“for“for the the purpose(s)of.”purpose(s)of.”n n假假如如紧紧跟跟这这个个短短语语是是某某个个法法律律条条款款指指代代编编号号（如如章章、条条、款款、节节等等），首首选选译译文文是是“就就（相相关关）章章、条条、款款、节节而而言言”，其其次次才才是是“为为了了实实施施该该（条法例）（条法例）”。n n倘倘若若原原英英文文中中“for“for the the purpose(s)purpose(s)of.”of.”与与“章章、条条、款款、节节等等”无无关关，而而该该短短语语又又能能够够用用“for”“for”或或“in“in order order to”to”去去取取代代（这这种种使使用用方方法法在在法法律律英英文中属于少数），则可译成文中属于少数），则可译成“为了为了”。第23页n n例15 n nFor the purposes of subsection(2),land does not include incorporeal hereditament;n n就第(2)款而言,“土地”(land)并不包含无体可继承产；n n例16n n For the purposes of subsection(3)permission shall be in writing and-n n 就第（3）款而言许可须为书面形式而且第24页n n例例1717n n For For the the purposes purposes of of subsection subsection(1)(1)of of this this section section the the attestation attestation of of a a will will by by a a person person to to whom whom or or to to whose whose spouse spouse there there is is given given or or made made any any such such disposition disposition as as is is described described in in that that subsection subsection shall shall be be disregarded disregarded if if the the will will is is duly duly executed executed without without his his attestation attestation and and without without that that of of any any other other such such person.person.n n 为为第第（1 1）款款施施行行取取得得该该款款所所述述处处置置任任何何人人或或其其配配偶偶如如为为遗遗嘱嘱作作见见证证而而该该遗遗嘱嘱没没有有其其见见证证或或任任何何这这些些人人见见证证亦亦已已属属妥妥为为签签立立则则该该人人所所作作见见证证须须不不予予理会。理会。第25页n n例18n n A judge may,on the application of an appellant who is in custody,order the appellant to be brought up to the court in custody for the purpose of attending his appeal or any application or any proceeding therein.n n 法官可应在羁押中上诉人申请为了使上诉人能出席其上诉或其中任何申请或法律程序而命令将他在羁押下带上法庭。第26页n n例19n n For the purpose of the Landlord and the Tenant Ordinance and for the purpose of these presents the rent in respect of the said premises shall be deemed to be in arrear if not paid in advance as stipulated by Clause 1 hereof.n n 基于租务条例并基于这些通知，相关该楼宇租金，假如未照合约第一条要求那样提前缴付，就应该被认为是拖欠。第27页7.PROVIDED THAT.n n“Provided that”是一个普通英文中极少使用古旧词，但该句型在法律文书(尤其是合约条款)中广泛使用。其使用方法与“if”或“but”非常类似，汉语中意思相当于“倘若/假如”或“但”。n n该短语放在句首，引导出是法律英语中一个条件分句，与“if”、“when”或“where”引导法律条件句没有本质上差异；但假如该短语之前存在一个主句，则它表示是一个与之前陈说相反“例外”，相当于“with the exception of”，但英译汉时不能译成“除外”，而是译成“但”或“不过”，所以法律界通常称这类句子为“但书”(proviso)。比如：第28页n n例 20n n Provided that the acceptance of rent or mesne profits by the Landlord after the expiration of the term of the tenancy hereby created shall not be deemed to operate as a waiver or breach of any of the terms hereof nor as a new periodic tenancy by way of holding over or otherwise.A new Tenancy shall only be created by a fresh tenancy agreement in writing signed by the Landlord and the Tenant.n n 倘若在本合约要求租期届满后业主接收租金或中间收益不应被认为是起了放弃或违反本合约任何条件作用也不应认为是起了作为继续租用或其它新租期作用。新租约只能是业主和租户签署新书面租赁合约。第29页n n例例2121n n Every Every broker,broker,dealer dealer or or lender lender who who.shall shall forfeit forfeit to the owner of the goods the full value thereof:to the owner of the goods the full value thereof:n n Provided Provided thatthat no no such such order order shall shall bar bar any any such such broker,broker,dealer dealer or or lender lender from from recovering recovering possession possession of of such such goods goods by by action action from from the the person person into into whose whose possession possession they they may may come come by by virtue virtue of of the the magistrates magistrates order,order,provided provided thatthat such such action action is is commenced commenced within within 6 6 months months next next after after such such order order has been made.has been made.n n 每每名名被被如如此此命命令令经经纪纪商商人人或或贷贷款款人人如如则则须向物主偿付其全部价值须向物主偿付其全部价值n n 但但上上述述命命令令并并不不禁禁止止相相关关经经纪纪商商人人或或贷贷款款人人向向凭凭籍籍裁裁判判官官命命令令取取得得管管有有此此等等财财物物人人士士提提出出诉诉讼讼以以取取回回其其管管有有权权但但相相关关诉诉讼讼须须在在此此项项命命令令作作出出后后6 6个个月月内内展开。展开。第30页n n例例 22 22n nThe The Licensee Licensee shall shall not not be be entitled entitled to to take take any any proceedings proceedings in in any any of of the the aforesaid aforesaid matters;matters;providedprovided,however,however,thatthat the the Licensor Licensor may,may,at at its its own own discretion discretion and and cost,cost,prosecute prosecute or or otherwise otherwise stop stop or or prevent prevent such such actual actual or or threatened threatened infringement infringement in in the the name name of of both both the the Licensor Licensor and and the the Licensee Licensee or or either either of of them,them,and and in in each each case case the the Licensee Licensee shall shall render render all all reasonable reasonable assistance required by the Licensor.assistance required by the Licensor.n n被被许许可可方方无无权权就就上上述述任任何何行行为为起起诉诉或或要要求求许许可可方方起起诉诉，但但许许可可方方可可自自行行决决定定并并自自付付费费用用，以以许许可可方方和和被被许许可可方方双双方方名名义义或或任任何何一一方方名名义义，对对实实际际发发生生或或似似将将发发生生商商标标侵侵权权行行为为提提起起诉诉讼讼，或或以以其其它它方方式式阻阻止止或或预预防防该该等等侵侵权权行行为为。不不论论许许可可方方采采取取前前述述任任何何行行动动，被被许许可可方方均均应提供许可方所要求一切合理帮助。应提供许可方所要求一切合理帮助。第31页2.8 NOTWITHSTANDING.n n介介词词notwithstanding notwithstanding 在在普普通通英英文文中中使使用用极极为为罕罕见见，可可列列入入古古旧旧废废词词行行列列，但但其其在在法法律律英英文文中中使使用用已已经经到到达达“司司空空见见惯惯”程程度度。翻翻译译带带有有该该介介词词句句子子并并不不难难，因因为为它它译译法法跟跟although/though/even although/though/even if if 引引导导状状语语从从句句没没有有太太大大分分别别，基基本本上上都都能能够够译译成成“尽尽管管”、“即即使使.”.”，表示一个让步。表示一个让步。n n但但该该词词所所引引导导并并非非是是一一个个让让步步状状语语从从句句，因因为为在在习习惯惯使使用用方方法法上上该该词词之之后后不不跟跟句句子子，只只跟跟一一个个名名词词性性短短语语。即即使使该该词词也也可可作作连连词词使使用用，跟跟一一个个完完整整让让步步状状语语从从句句，比比如如，He He is is honest,honest,notwithstanding notwithstanding he he is is poor.poor.(他他虽虽贫贫穷穷，却却老老实实)，但但这这种种使使用用方方法法并并非非是是法法律律英英语语中中经典使用方法。经典使用方法。第32页n n例23n n Notwithstanding any law or practice to the contrary,it shall be lawful for the court in any proceedings for an offence under Part II to comment on the failure of the accused to give evidence on oath.n n 即使任何法律或通例有相反要求在因第II部所订罪行而进行法律程序中法庭可就被控人不宣誓作供一事加以评论。第33页n n例 24n n Notwithstanding subsection(3)a magistrate may require the police officer,usher or other officer who served a summons to attend before him and give evidence on oath as to its service.n n尽管有第（3）款要求裁判官仍可要求送达传票警务人员传达员或其它人员在他席前就送达传票一事经宣誓而作证。第34页2.9 SAVE./EXCEPT(FOR).n n在法律英文中，它是一个与except（for）相同介词。词源上这是一个法文词，因为历史原因，法国人统治英国达相当长一段时间。自然而然，相当数量、反应法国统治者意志法语词进入了法律英语范围。Save便是其中最经典、至今依然保留使用一个。汉语译文为“除外”。不论是save 还是 except(for)之后都可跟一个名词性短语，也能够跟一个从句或另一个介词短语。第35页n n例25n n Save as is provided in this Ordinance,no claim within the jurisdiction of the Board shall be actionable in any court.n n 除非本条例另有要求不然凡属仲裁处司法管辖权范围内申索不得在任何法庭进行诉讼。第36页n n例 26n n Save under and in accordance with the provisions of this section no action shall lie in any civil court against a magistrate for any act done in a matter over which by law he has no jurisdiction or in which he has exceeded his jurisdiction.n n 除依据及按照本条条文外不得就裁判官在一项他在法律上并无司法管辖权或超越其司法管辖权事项上所作任何作为在民事法庭提出针对裁判官诉讼。第37页n n注注意意：save/except as(is)provided/stipulated 能够用另一个法律上惯用句式去取代：unless otherwise provided/stipulated 功效与其相同，能够是一个标准替换。第38页10.IN RESPECT OFn n在普通英文中，倘若要表示一个与某事物相关概念，最惯用介词莫过于regarding 或concerning。其余表示类似概念词非常丰富，如in connection with,in relation to,relating 等等。但在法律英文中，这一些惯用词似乎都太普通，正式程度欠奉。取而代之则是in respect of。不过，因为该词本身灵活性强、黏附性与词俱来，而正式程度又高，故在法律英文中往往被过分使用。习惯普通英语读者、译者，时常对该词感到头痛：既不好了解，也不好翻译。其实，只要知道其最惯用替换，了解和翻译都不应该有困难。第39页n n例例2727n n Where Where an an employee employee is is granted granted any any period period of of annual annual leave,leave,the the employer employer shall shall pay pay him him annual annual leave leave pay pay in in respect respect ofof that that period period not not later later than than the the day day on on which which he he is is next next paid paid his his wages wages after after that period.that period.n n 凡凡顾顾员员获获给给予予任任何何一一段段期期间间年年假假雇雇主主最最迟迟须须于于该该段段期期间间后后第第一一个个发发薪薪日日付付给给该该雇雇员员该该段段期期间间年假薪酬。年假薪酬。第40页n n例28n n For the purpose of the Landlord and the Tenant Ordinance and for the purpose of these presents the rent in respect of the said premises shall b