江苏高考英语阅读理解：细节理解题讲解及训练-word版含答案复习进程.doc

江苏2017高考英语阅读理解：细节理解题讲解及训练 Word版含答案

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江苏2017高考英语阅读理解--细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）
阅读理解解题指导
阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

阅读理解----【细节理解题】
细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。它的设题方式主要有以下两种：
1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因(目的)、方式等来设问考查。解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。如:
真题摘选【1】(2013 江苏卷D篇)
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
C. Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.
D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.
解析：根据文中信息，Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克•吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克•吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。
【实战演练】阅读理解
Part of a research study，by scientists at McMaster university，which is ongoing into the influence of drinking milk after heavy weightlifting，has observed that milk helps exercisers burn more fat.
The scientists took three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of age,56 in total，and put them through a strict，five­day­per­week weightlifting program over a 12­week period.Following their workouts，study participants drank either two cups of skim milk (脱脂奶)，or a soy beverage with equivalent amounts of protein and energy，or a carbohydrate beverage (碳酸饮料) with an equivalent amount of energy.
Upon the study’s conclusion，scientists observed that：the milk drinking group had lost nearly twice as much fat—two pounds—as those in the carbohydrate beverage group，who lost one pound of fat.Those drinking soy lost no fat.At the same time，the gain in muscle was much greater among the milk drinkers than either the soy or carbohydrate beverage participants.
As published in the first stage of the study，the milk drinking group came out on top in terms of muscle gain with an estimated 40 percent or 2.5 pounds more muscle mass than the soy beverage drinkers.In addition，this group gained 63 percent or 3.3 pounds more muscle mass than the carbohydrate beverage drinkers.
“I think the evidence is beginning to increase，”says Stuart Phillips—the leader of the study.“Milk may be best known for its calcium (钙) content in supporting bone health，but our researchand later others’，can continually support milk’s ability to aid in muscle growth and also promote body fat loss.Milk is the ideal post­workout drink for recreational exercisers and athletes alike.”
1．According to the study，which is the best drink for exercisers to lose weight?
A．Fruit juice. B．Soy beverage.
C．Skim milk. D．Carbohydrate beverage.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知。
答案：　C
2．From the passage we can learn that milk has a good effect on all of the following EXCEPT________.
A．muscle gain B．brain development
C．bone health D．fat loss
解析：　细节理解题。根据前三段可知，牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，故A、D正确；根据最后一段中的“Milk may be best known for its calicium content in supporting bone health”可知C也正确，所以答案为B。
答案：　B
3．According to the passage，we can know that________.
A．the scientists chose people aged 18,30 and 56 as participants of the research
B．the weightlifting program which study participants attended was 84 days in total
C．people who drink milk every day are always healthier and thinner than others
D．soy beverages are better than carbohydrate beverages for exercisers to gain muscle
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists book three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of age,56 in total，”可知A错误；根据第二段中的“put them through a strict，five­day­per­week weightlifting program over a 12­week period.”可知B错误；文章提到喝牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，但是并没有提到每天喝牛奶的人会比其他人健康、苗条，故C也错误。
答案：　D
4．What does Philips want to tell us?
A．More evidence is needed to strengthen their research.
B．Milk has more calcium than soy or carbohydrate beverages.
C．The calcium in milk can also help gain muscle and lose fat.
D．Athletes should be forbidden to drink other beverages except milk.
解析：　细节理解题。由“...but our research，and later others’，can continually support milk’s ability to aid in muscle growth and also promote body fat loss可知答案。
答案：　A
5．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．What exercisers should do to lose weight.
B．How milk influences people’s health and figure.
C．The differences between milk and soy or carbohydrate beverages.
D．A research on the effect of drinking milk—gain muscle and lose fat.
解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于喝牛奶的最新研究成果，即喝牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，所以答案为D。
答案：　D.

真题摘选【2】(2013课标卷I A篇)
Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home form Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
56. Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?
A. They took a later flight.
B. They had early bookings.
C. Their flight had been delayed.
D. Their flight had been cancelled.
解析：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，即如何获取金钱的最大利用价值，从而理性消费。利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找到The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day这些相关信息。由该句可知，因为航班超员，航空公司(Delta)以信用卡的形式补偿我们每人400美金，要我们放弃座位，第二天再离开。故选A项(他们乘坐了较晚的航班)。
【实战演练】
【2016届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。C
You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot.
Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.
“Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,” Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis (表情符号) in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.
Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’ questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.
These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha sparks a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.
1. What does the underlined part in paragraph two mean?
A. She became a best seller.
B. She became very powerful.
C. She became a money maker.
D. She became very popular.
2. Which of the following can Xiaoice do?
A. Do housework. B. Spread messages.
C. Identify various photos. D. Read news to its users.
3. Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?
A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon.
4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.
B. It’ll take decades to apply chatbots to cars.
C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.
D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience .
参考答案、DCBA

2. 以不完整的句子形式，针对文章的某个细节设题，考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能力。如：
真题摘选【1】(2013课标卷I B篇)
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
61. Babies are sensitive to the change in ______.
A. the size of cards
B. the colour of pictures
C. the shape of patterns
D. the number of objects
解析：本文为科普类说明文，主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题。根据第二段中When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves可知，卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响，故选D。

【习题选编】
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
体裁：记叙文　话题：公共服务　时间：7分钟
The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi company in Delhi，where all the drivers and passengers are female.Women's safety is a hot topic in India at the moment，so it's proving a very popular service.
“When I'm on the road driving our taxi I feel very proud，because this is the first taxi service only for women，”says 31­year­old Shanti Sharma，who is one of eight female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs for Women by Women.
The last couple of months，since the rape and murder in the city of a college student travelling on a bus，have been particularly busy for her and her colleagues.
“After this case，our workload has increased so much，” says Sharma.“Women who used other cab services are also turning to us now.”
Most women in Delhi say they routinely face harassment(骚扰)，and worse，especially on public transport.
Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.This is the first time that she has earned enough—about 250 a month—to support her family.
Of course，she and the other female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I park somewhere there are always men there and inevitably five or six of them get together and hang out，” she says.“I'm usually the only woman in the parking lot，so I just stay inside the car.”
It's not much better when she is out on the road.Sharma says the male drivers give her a hard time.“As soon as they see a woman at the wheel they start honking(按喇叭) for no reason.They'll try to overtake you.I'm always worrying about how to avoid getting hit by someone.”
The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.It wanted to give women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn money.By putting women in charge of technologies，it also wanted to change people's attitudes，and open up boundaries for women.
【语篇导读】　德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的Cabs for Women by Women 出租车业务。生意异常火爆。
1．The taxi service Cabs for Women by Women ______.
A．is greatly needed at present in India
B．causes a hot debate in India
C．was set up in 2012
D．is free of charge for women
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“it's proving a very popular service”可知，这项女性出租车服务在现在有很大需求量。
答案　A
2．Why are women who used other cab services turning to Cabs for Women by Women?
A．Because it is cheap. B．Because it is safe.
C．Because it is famous. D．Because it is convenient.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现在选择Cabs for Women by Women，是因为这种由妇女驾驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。
答案　B
3．What do we know about Sharma?
A．She is the first female taxi driver in Delhi.
B．She lives in harmony with her husband
C．She has regretted becoming a taxi driver.
D．She has a better salary after becoming a taxi driver.
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段可知，从2011年Sharma成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊口。
答案　D
4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for women.
B．The main purposes of Cabs for Women by Women.
C．People's attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women.
D．The background information of Cabs for Women by Women.
解析　段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.”可知，本段主要讲开展Cabs for Women by Women 出租车服务的目的。
答案　B
【长难句解读】
原文　Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.
译文　Sharma是一个独自抚养三个女儿的单亲母亲，自从2011年首次开展这项服务以来，她一直是一名出租车司机。这改变了她的生活。
分析　and前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，a single parent with three daughters 是Sharma的同位语。when引导一个定语从句，修饰2011。

【2016届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。D
If you watch British television on March 15, you might be surprised to see celebrities (名人) wearing funny red noses and joking around. But don’t worry. They’re not mad. It’s all part of a money raising event called Red Nose Day.
Founded in 1985 by two British comedians, the aim of the event is to raise money to fight poverty and injustice in the UK and Africa. Celebrities and public figures support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows. For example, UK Prime Minister David Cameron once appeared in a music video by One Direction, which the band produced for the event.
Britons don’t just raise money for charitable causes on one day a year, but they do it all year round. One way of doing so is by shopping in charity shops. These small shops sell clothes, books and household goods just like any other shop except that it’s all secondhand.
There are nearly 10,000 charity shops in the UK. Their business model is simple: Anybody who has things they don’t want anymore can donate them to a charity shop, where they are checked for damage, cleaned and priced. The money that is made by selling them is used for a charitable cause.
The idea of buying used clothes may sound unpleasant, but for shoppers who have less spending money, it has been a welcome option. Now, shopping at charity shops is also becoming popular with young people looking for alternative fas