高中英语时态总结复习课程.doc

高中英语时态总结

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英语时态

一般时态：
时态名称
结构
常连用的词
基本用法

一般现在时

1. be动词用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep.

often;
usually;
every…;
sometimes;
always;
never;
seldom;
once/twice/… a week/month/year;
on Sundays/Mondays/….;
1) 表示现在存在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
• He takes a walk after supper every day.
• The children go to school at seven every morning.
2) 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
• The children draw well.
• Does she like sports?
3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
• The sun rises in the east.
• Two plus two makes four.
• Knowledge is power.
4）在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
• When they leave school, they will go to work in Tibet.
• If You see him，will you tell him to ring me?
• We'll visit the cotton mill if it is fine tomorrow.
5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(一般只限于某些表示移动的动词，如go，come，arrive, leave，begin, start等)，这种安排很固定，不易改变。
• The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.
• The film begins in a minute.
• When does the Japanese Youth delegation leave for Xi’an?

2. 行为动词用v.或v.-s、-es.

一般过去时

1．be动词用过去式was或 were表示。
yesterday;
the day before yesterday;
last week/month/year/….;
… ago;
a moment ago;
just now;
on/in+过去的时间;

1) 表示过去的动作或状态
• We had a good swim last Sunday.
• She suddenly fell ill yesterday.
2) 叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。
• He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work.
3) 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
• When my brother was a teenager，he played table tennis almost every day.
• It used to be difficult to get drinking water here.
其他用法：
(1) 在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：
• I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)
• I didn’t know you were so busy．我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)
(2) 表示客气委婉的现在：
• I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。
• I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。
【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。
(3) 用于某些特殊结构中:
• It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。
• I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。
• I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。
【注】该用法主要用于it’s (high) time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形。
(4) 表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：
• If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。
(5) 当主句中的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。
• I have lived in the house since I came to the city.
• Great changes have taken place since I visited the city.
2. 行为动词用V-ed。

一般将来时

1. will+v.

tomorrow,
the day after tomorrow;
soon;
next week/month/year/...;
the week/month/year/... after next;
on/in +将来的时间；
in+一段时间；.
1)表示将来的动作或状态。
• My daughter will be twelve years old tomorrow.
• The indoor swimming pool will be open to the public from October 16.
2)表示将来经常发生的动作。
• We shall work in this factory every day.
2. is/am/are+going to+V，表示计划打算做什么事。
其他形式
1)"be going to + v.''多用于口语中，常表示打算、即将、决心去做的事或可能要发生的事。如：
• We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History.我们要去参观中国历史博物馆。(表打算)
• Tom studies very hard. He is going to try for a scholarship.汤姆学习非常努力，他将争取获得奖学金。(表决心)
• Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估计可能)
• The wall is going to collapse! 那墙要倒塌了? (即将)
2) go, come, leave, start等表示移动的动词，可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作。
• She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a toothache.
• I'm coming.
3)"be about to + v."表示即将发生的动作。如
• The English evening is about to begin.英语晚会即将开始。
• We are about to leave，so there is no time to visit him now.我们就要离开了，所以现在没有时间去看他。
4)"be to do"表示安排或计划好了的动作等。如：
• The boys are to go to school next week.这些男孩子下周要上学了。
• He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.他和我约定在上海火车站见面。
• I'm to be home before midnight.我午夜前回家。
过去将来时

was/were going to +V原形
表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。
• They wanted to know when you would finish the article.
• We asked him where we should go to work next week.
would +V原形
其他形式
• I was told that the press conference was to be held the next day.
• I was about to leave when it began to rain.
• He told me he was leaving soon.
进行时态：
时态
名称
结构
常连用的词
主要用法
现在进行时
is/am/are+V-ing　
now；
at present;
at the moment;
Look!(放在句首);
Listen! (放在句首);
1) 表示此时此刻(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作。
• －What are you doing?
－I'm doing some washing.
• Look! It is snowing.
2) 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。
• He is working on a paper.
• They are compiling a dictionary.
3) 有时可表示将来发生的动作，有"意图"或"打算"的含义(用于go，come，stay，leave，start等表示移动的动词)。
• They are taking the children to the zoo on Sunday.
• －What are you doing next Sunday?
－I'm going on a picnic with my wife and daughter.
过去进行时
was/were+V-ing
at that time;
at this time yesterday;
at+时间点+yesterday/lastnight;
at that moment;
1) 表示过去一段时间正在发生的动作。
• I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening.
• She was reading an English magazine when I came in.
2）表示移动的动词go，come，start，stay，leave等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。
• They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.
将来进行时
will/shall be v-ing
at this time +将来时间点
1）表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
• This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.
• What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning?
2）表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。
• We'll be having tea after dinner as usual.
• The leaves will be falling soon.
过去将来进行时
should/would be v-ing

1) 表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
• He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day.
• They said that they would be expecting us the next week.
2) 表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。
• He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.
完成时态：
时态
名称
结构
常连用的词
主要用法
现在完成时

have/has+ p.p（过去分词）
already；just；before;
yet(否定句中)；ever；never；
since +时间点；
since+一段时间+ago;
by+现在时间；
so far; up to now; till now; until now;
recently/lately;

1)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用"了"或"过"来表示。
• We have already set up many new factories in this area.
• The new books have not arrived yet.
• Many westerners have never seen a giant panda.
2）还可表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。
• －How long have you been in Beijing ?
－I have been in Beijing for four years.
• Three years have passed since we left school.
• Up to now, I have finished two-thirds of the work.
3）在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来某个动作发生之前已完成的动作。
• Perhaps I'll know more English after I have learnt it for two years.
特别注意：
1. This is (It is) the first /second time that …句型中，常用现在完成时。但在“It was the second time that …”中，也能用过去完成时。
• This is the second time that I have seen the film.
• That was the third time that I had visited the place.
2. It is (has been) … since 句型中，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般现在时。
• It is （has been） three years since I began to work on the state farm.
3.在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。
buy
have
borrow
keep
catch/get a cold
have a cold
come / arrive/reach/get to
be
become
be
go
be
put on
wear
join
be in
go to school
be a student
die
be dead
begin/start
be on
leave
be away
fall asleep
be asleep
open
be open
close/shut
be closed
end
be over
marry
be married
• He has come back for three weeks. (×)
• He has been back for three weeks. (√)
• The writer has died for two years. (×)
• The writer has been dead for two years. (√)
• He has left for 6 days. (×)
• He has been away for 6 days. (√)
过去完成时
had + p.p（过去分词）
过去的过去：
by+过去的时间；
表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。
1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作。
• By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons.
• In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before.
2) 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作。
• It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.
• He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1980.
3) 常用语no sooner … than… 和hardly (scarcely) … when …句型的主句中，从句用一般过去时。（倒装）
• No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他一到家，就开始下雨了。
• He had hardly got on the train when the train started out. 他刚上火车，火车就开了。
4)在would rather, would prefer等后面的从句中，如果表示过去的动作或情况，用过去完成时。
• I’d rather you had been here yesterday.要是你昨晚在这就好了。
将来完成时
will/shall have + p.p
by +将来时间
by the time +将来时间
表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
• By the end of this week， I shall have finished the book.
• The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.
• When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.
过去将来完成时
should/would have + p.p

表示在过去的将来的某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
• He said he would have paid back the money by the end of the week.
• We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four o'clock.
• I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.
完成进行时
时态
名称
结构
主要用法
现在完成进行时
have/has been + v-ing
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。
• I have been waiting for you for two hours.
• He has been working on the paper all day.
• --How long have you been learning English?
--I have been learning English for two years.
注意：
有些不能用现在进行时态的动词，如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时。
• She has been ill for a long time.
• I have not seen you for ages.
过去完成进行时
had been +V-ing
表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间，这一动作可能还在进行，也可能已经停止。
• The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in.
• The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired.
• It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.
专项练习
1. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
2. It’s good to see you again, Agnes.
— This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran.
A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning
3. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
4. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
5. Sorry, I can’t open the door, for I 　 the key to it.
A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost
6. “ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ”
“ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home. ”
A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought
7. — Did you expect Frank to come to the party? — No, but I had hoped .
A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come
8. — Bob must be very wealthy. — Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.
A. has been earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned
9. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked
10. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come
11. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.
A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
12. ---Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Don’t forget it !
---OK. I ______ .
A. won't B. don't C. will D. do
13. When I reached home, my parents ______their supper.
A.are having　 　B.have already had C.have had　　　　　D. had already had
14. She __________in this school ________the past ten years.
A.was teaching, since　 　　　　　　B. had been teaching, since
C.would teach, for　　　　　　　　　D. has been teaching, for
15. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ______ in a radio factory at that time.
A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working
16. --- What ______ when I phoned you?
--- I ______ my work, and I wanted to go out.
A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished
C. did you do; had just finished D were you doing; had just finished
17. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ______ coffee.
A. prefer B. preferred C. had preferred D. am preferring
18. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never ______ him talk so much.
A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard
19. He ___ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ____ about forty articles.
A. has been writing; has written B. had been writing; wrote
C. is writing; has been writing D. has written; has written
20. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come
21. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?
--- I ______ yet, but I ______ taking a train.
A. didn’t decide; am considering B. haven’t decided; consider
C. haven’t decided; am considering　 D. hadn’t decided; have considered
22. --- Who’s the man over there?
--- It’s Jack.
--- Oh? ______ in Italy.
A. I think he’s B. I’ve thought he’s been
C. I thought he was D. I’d thought he’d been
23. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it.
A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned
24. —How long ________ each other before they ________ married?
—For about a year.
A.have they known; get　 B.did they know; get
C.do they know; are going to get　 D.had they known; got
25. We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we ________ out his address yet,
A.haven’t found B.hadn’t found C.didn’t find D.don’t find
26. Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.
A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing
27. —Do you know when Tom ________ from abroad?
—Perhaps it will be a long time before he ________ back.
A.will come; will come B.comes; will come
C.will come; comes D.comes; comes
28. The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk，right under my nose.
A.think; lost B.thought; had lost C.think; had lost D.thought; lost
29. However hard you ________，you will never succeed in pleasing her.
A.try B.will try C.should try D.would try
30. By this time tomorrow we ________ the machine.
A.have repaired B.shall have repaired C.will repair D.would repair
31. I ________ the room to be empty but found it occupied.
A.had thought B.have thought C.didn’t think D.was thinking

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