必修一语法知识点与语法整理讲课教案.doc

高中英语语法知识点与语法整理
必修一
Unit 1 Friendship
一、知识点与语法
1.be good to …
2.add up / add up to加起来/合计，总计。
3.not…until直到。。。才。。。
4.get sth done
5.calm…down平息
6.be concerned about关心，挂念
7.go on / be on
8.当while,when,before,after等引导时间状语从句的主语与主句一致时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略。
9.take one’s end-of-term exam参加期末考试。
10.非限制性定语从句。
11.make a list of 列举。。。。。。
12.go through遭遇，经历，经过，通过，用光，获准。
13.hide away躲藏
14.in order to 为了。。。。。。
15.happen to sb/do sth某人发生某事/某人碰巧做某事。
16.it is/was the first…that…(现在完成时/过去完成时)
17.in one’s power处于。。。。。。的控制之中。
18.suffer from…遭受。
19.with作伴随状语。
20.have some trouble with sb/sth在。。。。。。上遇到了麻烦。
21.get along…with与某人相处怎么样/，某事进展如何？
22.make sb/sth+adj.使某人，某物。。。
23.be doing表示将来。（重点）
24.直接引语和间接引语。（重点）
Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present
He said, “I go to school every day.”
simple past
He said (that) he went to school every day.
simple past
He said, “I went to school every day.”
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present perfect
He said, “I have gone to school every day.”
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present progressive
He said, “I am going to school every day.”
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day.
past progressive
He said, “I was going to school every day.”
perfect progressive
He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
future (will)
He said, “I will go to school every day.”
would + verb name
He said (that) he would go to school every day.
future (going to)
He said, “I am going to school every day.”
present progressive
He said (that) he is going to school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name
He said, “Do you go to school every day?”
He said, “Where do you go to school?”
simple past
He asked me if I went to school every day.*
He asked me where I went to school.
imperative
He said, “Go to school every day.”
infinitive
He said to go to school every day.

Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present + simple present
He says, “I go to school every day.”
simple present + simple present
He says (that) he goes to school every day.
present perfect + simple present
He has said, “I go to school every day.”
present perfect + simple present
He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
past progressive + simple past
He was saying, “I went to school every day.”
past progressive + simple past
He was saying (that) he went to school every day.
past progressive + past perfect
He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day.

Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
can
He said, “I can go to school every day.”
could
He said (that) he could go to school every day.
may
He said, “I may go to school every day.”
might
He said (that) he might go to school every day.
might
He said, “I might go to school every day.”

must
He said, “I must go to school every day.”
had to
He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to
He said, “I have to go to school every day.”

should
He said, “I should go to school every day.”
should
He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to
He said, “I ought to go to school every day.”
ought to
He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.

Unit 2 English around the world
1. at the end of…在。。。末端
2. because of…由于。。。
3. even if引导的让步状语从句。
4. come up…走近，走上前来，发生，出现
5. be different from/in…与。。。同/在。。。不同
6. be based on以。。。为基础
7. at present目前
8. make use of 利用
9. such as例如
10. turn of/on/up/down
11. hold on坚持住，不挂断
12. play a role in…在。。。中起作用/担任什么角色
13. the same…as…和。。。一样
14. at the top/bottom of 在。。。顶上/在。。。底部
15. build up建立，积累，增强
16. be satisfied with对什么感到满意
17. at sea/on the sea/over the sea在海上/在海上/在海外。
18 according to…按照
19. 直接引语和间接引语。（参考上一单元）

UNIT 3 Travel journal
一、知识点与语法
1.advantages and disadvantages 优劣
2.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他们是如何利用它的
3.flow through 流过，流经
4.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。 连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since 后不用从句或词语。
It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从……至今已经多久了。
since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直
5.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。
6.grow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大
7.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。
8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。
强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。
含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:
① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
9.schedual for the trip 旅行计划
10.be fond of 喜欢，喜爱
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 （注意1：Although conj. “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展：
① although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而although 无此用法。
② although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，尽管)中不能用although。
③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意2：insist 在这里的意思是“坚持要求”后面的that从句用虚拟语气；如果insist 意为“强调，坚持认为”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她强调她没撒谎。另外，还可以用insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、坚持主张，如：She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly她老是一大早起来把收音机音量开大。）
11.care about details 考虑细节 （The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的就是金钱。
care for 喜欢，照料，照顾 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。
Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，谁来照顾你的孩子？
12.give me a determined look给了我一个坚定的眼神
13.change one’s mind 改变主意
14.she seemed to be excited about it. 似乎显得兴奋
15.an interesting experience一次有趣的经历
16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。Once 可作为从属连词，作“一(旦)……就……”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.
Once printed，the book will be very popular。
17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across wetern Yunnan Province. 它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。
18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。
19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太固执，没有一人能劝动他做事。
20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 不论工作多难，一个坚决的人总是努力地去完成它。
21.My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river. 我爷爷喜欢钓鱼，有时他整天在河边钓鱼。
22.I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.我喜欢那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的，因为红色的更合我的身。
23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.音乐会顺利地进行，因为李佩组织地相当好。
24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave in.我想付火车票费用，但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。
25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.她说服了我们不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。
26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.由于双方都不让步，那天没有形成决议。
27.The task was difficult, but Helen’s determined expression let me know that she would not give up.虽然工作很难，但海伦的坚定神情使我知道她不会放弃。
28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close. 我多么希望我能够进行太空旅行，近距离地看看星星啊。
29.The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.第一次看Steven Spieberg执导的电影“ET”时，他就下定决心也要当一名导演。
30.a large parcel of 一大包
31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我们要投保给一切问题保险。
32.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.我们的腿又冷又沉，感觉就像大冰块。
33.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看我们。
34.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。
35.as usual 像往常一样
36.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. 在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
37.We saw many sheep eating green grass. 我们看到羊群在吃草。
38.make camp宿营
39.put up our tent 搭帐篷
40.stay awake 睡不着，醒着
41.at midnight 在半夜
42.for company 做伴
43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下
44.We can hardly wait to see them.我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。
45.Good luck on your journey. 祝你旅途愉快
46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 当你出游的时候问什么不记旅行日记呢？
47.see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通过别人的眼睛看世界
48.go in the right direction 走正确的方向
49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以很慢的速度行进。If you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently. 如果你为自己定好了速度，你就会高效地工作。
50.be similar to 类似于
51.afford to do sth 付得起，能承担
52.be tired from
因……而疲劳
be tired of 对……厌倦
53.be in high spirits 喜气洋洋，兴高采烈
e true 实现，成真
55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it. 要他们就如何改进提一些建议。
56.a guide to… 的指南
57.on a tour 在游览中，在巡演中
58.in detail
59prefer
prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套？
I prerer to go to America for my fruther study. 我更愿意选择去美国进修学习。
Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting. 安妮更愿意我代替她去参加会议。
60.祈使句：祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语
当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为“ask／request／tell／order sb(not)to do sth”。如：
“Speak loudly，please!” the teacher said to me．(＝The teacher asked me to speak loudly．)
“Don’t smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom．(＝He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room．)

Unit 4Earthquakes
1． 定语的用法：定语起限定和修饰的作用。单个词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时放于被修饰词的后面。
2． 定语从句：关系词（关系代词，关系副词）定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
限定性定语从句
a. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
b. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
c. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
d who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
e. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
f. when引导定语从句表示时间
g. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
h. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
3.right away/now
4.rise/raise
5.burst inton.
6.burst out+doing
7.it seemed…
8.as if
9.all…not…=not all…
10.定语从句（that，who，which，whose）

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero
1、A great person is someone who devotes his /her life to helping others.
   一个伟大的人就是一个把一生用于帮助别人的人。
   devote… to… 献身于…
   The old man has devoted all his life to teaching. 那位老人把一生献给了教育事业。
   She devotes all her spare time to looking after her sick mother.
   她把所有的空余时间都花在照顾生病的母亲上。
   特别提示：
   devote… to…句型中的宾语多用 (all) one’s life; (all) one’s time; one’s effort / efforts。
   即时活用：
   1、Although the working mother is very busy, she still a lot of time to her children.
        A. devotes     B. spends    C. offers     D. provides
      答案：A
   2、_____ two years to ________after the sick woman, she badly needed a holiday.
A. Devoting herself; look      B. Devoted; looking  C. Devoting; looking      D. Devoted; looked
答案：B
2He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II.
   第二次世界大战中，他反对德国纳粹和日本侵略者。
fight vt.& vi. 战斗
 用法归纳：
（1）fight with.. 和…并肩作战
 We fought with the Soviet Red Army during World War II.
第二次世界大战期间我们和苏联红军并肩战斗。
 （2）fight against 反对; 和…作斗争
   Every one should fight against pollution. 每个人都应该和污染作斗争。
 （3）fight for…为…而战
   Nelson Mandela fought for the equal rights of the black people in South Africa.
   纳尔逊曼德拉为了南非黑人的平等权利而战。
 （4）fight back 还击；还手
   If you beat me again, I will fight back. 如果你再打我，我就还手了。
   即时活用：
   England fought ______ Germany in the war of 1914—1918.
   A. against      B. with      C. for       D. to
   答案：A
3、He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.
   他为贫穷的黑人群众提供法律引导。
offer vt. 提供
用法归纳：
  （1） 主动提出做某事
   My daughter offered to clean the room yesterday. 女儿昨天主动提出打扫房间。
   特别提示：
   offer表示“主动提出做某事”时，后面一般跟动词不定式。
  （2）主动给与
   They offered me a cup of tea when I arrived. 我到的时候他们给我了一杯茶。
  （3）出价
   How much do you offer for my car?  我的车你给多少钱？
   特别提示：
   offer表示“出价”时，一般用 “ offer some money for sth.”句型。
   联想扩展：
  （1）“要价；索价”用 “ charge some money for sth.” 句型。
I charge 100,000 Yuan for this car. 这辆车我要十万块钱。
  （2）offer还可以作名词，表示“提供；报价”。
   He didn’t accept my offer. 他没有接受我的报价。
   即时活用：
  1、 —Why are you looking pleased ?
        —Oh , I’ve just had a job _____.
      A．offered  B．offering  C．to offer  D．being offered 
      答案：A
  2、– How much do you _____ mending a pair of shoes?
-- $ 15.
     A. ask     B. spend for   C. charge for   D. pay
     答案：C
  3、The missing boy was last seen ______ near the river.
A. to be playing     B. play    C. playing     D. having played
         答案：C
  4、– How much do you _____ mending a pair of shoes?
-- $ 15.
     A. ask     B. spend for   C. charge for   D. pay
     答案：C
4、The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
   过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
see + O + OC
用法归纳：
  （1）see sb. / sth. do 看到过某人做某事
   Did you see anyone go into the building? 你看到有人进这栋大楼吗？
   特别提示：
   在see sb. / sth. do句型中，do表示动作的全过程，即动作已经结束。被动句中，作宾语补足语的不定式要带to。
  （2）see sb. / sth. doing  看到某人 /某物正在做…
   I can see some boys playing basketball on the playground. 我看到一群男孩在操场上大篮球。
  （3）see sb. / sth. done 看到某人/某物被…
   Looking up I saw his eyes fixed on me in curoisity. 一抬头我看到他双眼好奇的看着我。
  （4） see sb. / sth + adj.
   It was the first time the students had ever seen the teacher really angry.
   这是第一次学生们看到老师真的生气了。
  （5）see sb. / sth +介词短语
   Seeing me in need of money, my father gave me some. 看到我需要钱，我爸爸就给了我一些。
   联想扩展：
   see about 负责处理  see after  照顾  see…off 送别   see through 看穿；识破  see to 处理；
修理
即时活用：
1、The ______ boy was last seen ____ near the East Lake .
A. missing; playing   B. missing; play   C. missed; played  D. missed; to play
答案：A
2、– Have you seen Mary today?
      -- Yes, I ________a minute ago.
A. see her come in        B. have seen her to come in
C. saw her come in        D. see her coming in
答案：C
   3、A man was seen _______ to break into the house.
A. try  B. trying  C. tried  D. to try
      答案：B
   4、I thought I saw Professor Davis ______ in the library last night.
A. working     B. to work    C. worked    D. works
      答案：A
5、The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
   过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天