现代大学英语精读第二版UnitGroundlessBeliefs省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Groundless BeliefsA.E.Mander第1页R einforcementT ext AnalysisGroundless BeliefsB ackgroundW arming upUnit 3第2页Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWBTRWarming upGroundless BeliefsUnit 3第3页Warming upQuestions/ActivitiesAre carrots a rabbits favorite?How do you know?WBTR第4页Aristotle vs.GalileosAristotle vs.GalileosLesson 6 Groundless BeliefsWhy was Galileo able to prove Aristotle wrong?What lesson shall we learn from Galileos experiment?Warming upQuestions/Activities第5页What are the words used by the author in referring to groundless“beliefs”?-propositions,assumptions,dogma,opinionAccording to the author where do these beliefs come from?-from other people:family,friends,media,tradition,interest groups,etc.Why do we tend to accept these beliefs?-“suggestion”,self-interest,sentimental associations,FashionWhy do we have to be on guard against them?-most of them are irrational;they are _ rather than thought.-once they become so s_ in they prevent us from accepting new ideas.Check-on PreviewWarming up第6页ObjectivesCall attention to groundless beliefsUnderstand the causes of groundless beliefsDiscuss the importance of inquisition Consider the strategies against groundless beliefsEncourage students to actively identify groundless beliefs in lifeAppreciate the logic structureWBTRWarming up第7页BackgroundAuthorBWTRGroundless BeliefsUnit 3第8页A.E.Mander(18941985)A well-published Australian scholar.BackgroundAuthorHis Life and WorksBooks Logic for the millionsClearer thinking(logic for everyman)The making of the AustraliansOur sham democracyPsychology for everyman(and woman)Clearer thinking;logic for everyday use Public enemy,the pressAlarming Australia 第9页Quotations from Manders book The trouble with most folks is not so much their ignorance,as their knowing so many things which aint so.-Josh Billings He who cannot reason is a fool;he who will not is a bigot;he who dare not is a slave.-W.Drummond BackgroundAuthor第10页DetailedAnalysisStructureThemeText AnalysisTWBRGroundless BeliefsUnit 3第11页Text AnalysisThemelUnderstand the sources of groundless beliefslDevelop the alert to groundless beliefslEmphasize the importance of a curious,inquiring mindlDiscuss how to develop such a mindTWBR第12页I.The Introduction(para.1):Prevalence of groundless beliefsII.The body(paras.224):Types/Causes of groundless beliefs1.Result of environment in early life.(paras.23)2.Parroting.(paras.413)3.Self-interest(paras.1417)4.Sentimental associations(paras.1819)5.Fashion(paras.2024)III.The conclusion(para.25):The writers praise of rational thinkers Text AnalysisStructure第13页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisMain IdeaSentence ParaphraseWords&ExpressionsExerciseI II IIITWBR第14页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:The Introduction(para.1):Prevalence of groundless beliefsMain IdeaWhat does the author advocate in the first sentence?Have you ever asked yourself these questions?Can you give examples of groundless beliefs which rest upon“mere tradition”or somebodys“bare assertion”?第15页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:Sentence ParaphraseThey rest upon mere tradition,or on somebodys bare assertion unsupported by even a shadow of proof.(para.1)be based onThese groundless believes are either based on tradition or on somebodys strong claims which are not supported by the slightest trace of proof.the slightest trace of proof第16页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence Patternclass come acrossmeet with rest upon(on)a shadow ofWhat reason have we for doing第17页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I:ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English,using words in the brackets.如今，在他们生活城市，农民工极少被当成市民对待。(class)Yet few of migrant workers are even classed as citizens of the city where they live.一个国家实力不只是取决于经济发展；它最少在相同程度上有赖于其教育水平。（rest upon)The strength of a country does not rest upon economic development alone;it rests upon education,at least to the same extent.我们明确地知道，人生命从何时开始。(a shadow of)We know,without a shadow of a doubt,when human life begins。第18页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Types/Causes of groundless beliefs(paras.224)Section 1.Result of environment in early life.(paras.23)How can a simple“suggestion”become a“belief”?uncritically we accepted and believed it.we didnt have the power of questioning.How shall we deal with the beliefs developed in early childhood?第19页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisRoman CatholicIn order to be saved,all persons who have attained the use of reason must believe explicitly that God exists and that he rewards the good and punishes the wicked.The Church is the congregation of all baptized persons,under the authority of the Sovereign Pontiff and the bishops in communion with him.We find the chief truths taught by Jesus Christ through the Catholic Church in the Apostles Creed.Presbyterian We believe that Jesus Christ is the eternal Son of God,and we shall trust in Him,alone,for salvation.We believe the Bible is the revelation of Gods truth and is infallible and authoritative in all matters of faith and practice.We believe that all are sinners and totally unable to save themselves from Gods displeasure,except by His mercy.第20页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarwayreverse be consistent withfeel sure ofbe brought up toIt isto doThe same is true ofwhen infants(omission)第21页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English,using words in the brackets.尽管中国有此埋怨,但世界贸易组织称碳关税符合世界贸易规则。(consistent)Despite bluster from Beijing,the WTO says carbon tariffs can be consistent with world trade rules.尽管沃尔玛员工确实普通比较穷，但去那里购物人也一样如此。(the same)While it is true that Walmart employees tend to be poor,the same is true of Walmart shoppers.第22页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Types/Causes of groundless beliefs(paras.224)Section 2.Parroting.(paras.413)Main IdeaWhat does“parroting”mean?Copy,echo,or repeat without question.Accept only such new ideas as fit in with the ideas we already hold How should we treat other peoples ideas according to the author?第23页Whats the author opinion of newspapers and advertisements?Why do we tend to accept only such new ideas as fit in with the ideas we already hold;and all conflicting ideas seem to us“obviously”absurd?What propositions should we treat with caution?Old propositionsObvious truthsText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisProgress in human thought seems to consist mainly in getting rid of such ideas.第24页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Sentence ParaphraseWhen we find ourselves entertaining an opinion about which there is a feeling that even to enquire into it would be absurd,unnecessary,undesirable,or wickedwe may know that that opinion is a non-rational one.(para.7)allow yourself to consider it as possible or as worth thinking about seriously Another common mistake we make is to judge opinions according to our feelings.An opinion is true because it is true,not because we like it or find it desirable or useful.In fact,truth can often be unpleasant or painful whereas untruth can be soothing and attractive.第25页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarentertaintemptconceiveintellectcredit(v.)fit in withon ones guard break downin the light ofon the grounds ofconsist in such new ideas as fit in withThat the earth must be flat formally seemed so obvious第26页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English,using words in the brackets.我不会考虑从事这种不跟人打交道工作。(entertain)I wouldnt entertain the idea of such an unsociable job.我决不相信那个荒谬绝伦故事。(credit)I shall never credit that absurd tale.人们永远依据其它人行动调整他们行为。(in the light of)Humans are forever adapting their behaviour in the light of others actions.第27页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Types/Causes of groundless beliefs(paras.224)Section 3.Self-interest(paras.1417)Main IdeaWhat does“self-interest”mean?Way of earning ones livelihood and acquiring wealthSocial position Justification 第28页How is someones social position defined?PopularityRespect and goodwillPrestigeText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第29页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarattribute compeljustifyleave no room forcling toPut it broadlyThere is many a man who isthe“grapes”being the rewards第30页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English,using words in the brackets.她认为她高寿是精心安排饮食结果。(attribute)She attributes her great age to carefully planned diet.他坚信有朝一日他会返回故乡。(cling to)He clings to the belief that one day he will be able to return to his native home.自此以后，许多中央银行明白了，流通纸币，信任就是一切。(many a)With paper money,confidence is everything,as many a central bank has since then discovered.第31页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Types/Causes of groundless beliefs(paras.224)Section 4.Sentimental associations(paras.1819)Main IdeaWhat examples do you have for groundless believes originated from“sentimental associations”?第32页Do you agree with the authors arguments about“sentimental associations”?How shall we avert such a tendency?Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第33页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesassociatebelittlegrudge disposehave recollections of play a part instand for第34页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English,using words in the brackets.不论你怎么对待马克思，你都不可能贬低他在我们世界中所发挥作用。(belittle)Whatever one may think about Marx,one must not belittle the role he plays in our world.假如任何人辜负了她信任，她会怨恨一辈子。(grudge)She could hold a life-long grudge against anyone who betrayed her trust.市场情况改变使我们倾向于取消协议。(dispose)Changes in the market conditions here dispose us to cancel the contract.第35页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Types/Causes of groundless beliefs(paras.224)Section 5.Fashion(paras.2024)Main IdeaWhat does the author mean by“fashion”?How others of our own set feel and believeHabits of thought 第36页What is the bio-psychological explanation for“brain path”?Why is there the“brain path”/thought pattern?In introspection,do you find any particular“brain paths”in yourself?What are they?Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第37页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammardictatemeritlegitimate stock a string ofgo to the dogstell sb.straightstamp inAn Old Fogey may have become such at seventeen第38页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English,using words in the brackets.该影片预算决定了担心拍摄进度。(dictate)The films budget dictated a tough schedule.我老板是老一套回答“没坏话就别修了！”(stock)My boss had a stock response If it aint broke,dont fix it!约翰没有坦率地告诉我，他厌倦了，想离开。(tell straight)John did not tell me straight out that he was fed up and wanted to leave.第39页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:The conclusion(para.25)The writers praise of rational thinkers Main IdeaWhat are the features of rational minds?A desire To discover,To think things out clearly and rationally To et at the truth 第40页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarallowance make allowance for get atat all costsTo get at the truth at all costs,whatever it may turn out to be.not,not,but第41页Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English,using words in the brackets.你应带体谅其它人所犯得错误而且原谅那些冒犯你人。(make allowance for)You must make allowance for each others faults and forgive the person who offends you.你要确定是自己走近作者并去领会他想法，而不是寻找自己观点。(get at)Be sure that you go to the author to get at his meaning,not to find yours.第42页RWBTReinforcementSummarySummaryDiscussionDiscussionGroundless BeliefsUnit 3第43页ReinforcementSummaryWhat are the five main sources of groundless beliefs?1.Early environment;2.The habit of parroting;3.Self-interest;4.Sentimental association;5.Fashion.What words should we watch out for so as to minimize the influence of groundless beliefs?NaturallyObviouslyBy natureInevitableRWBT第44页ReinforcementDiscussionWork in groups of four:What other examples of groundless beliefs do you have?Why do you think groundless beliefs are so common?What are the dangers of groundless beliefs?How could we keep the monster of groundless belief at bay?Presentation TimeRWBT第45页谢谢 谢！谢！放映结束 感激各位观看！让我们共同进步第46页