同等学力英语语法专项复习主谓一致.doc

2013年同等学力英语语法专项复习：主谓一致第十节主谓一致一、总述主谓一致（subject-verb agreement ）指谓语动词须在人称和数方面与主语保持一致。主语和谓语动词在人称方面的一致比较简单，因为除了动词be 和have 有不同的人称形式外，其他动词只有单数第三人称现在时在其词尾加-s/-es，其余的人称在动词上并无特殊标记。主语和谓语动词之间的数的一致比较复杂，是一致关系中的难点，也是考试中的侧重点。在处理主谓一致关系时，通常遵循以下三个原则：1. 语法一致原则（principle of grammatical agreement） 谓语动词与主语必须在语法形式上取得一致，即：主单，谓单；主复，谓复。2. 概念一致原则（principle of notional agreement） 谓语动词的单数或复数的形式取决于主语所表示的概念而不是主语的语法形式。3. 就近原则（principle of proximity） 谓语动词在人称和数的形式上和主语中最靠近的语词取得一致。二、重要考点1. 集体名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致如集体名词在句中意指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如在句中意指其具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。这类集体名词包括：army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band 等。例如：The population of the earth is increasing very fast. One third of the population here are farmers. The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception. The public now know the whole story. 2. 学科名称和疾病名称作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致某些学科名称和疾病名称虽词尾加s 的形式，但这些词作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。这些词包括：electronics （电子学），mechanics （力学），classics（古典文学）， linguistics （语言学），economics （经济学），statistics （统计学），physics （物理学），mathematics （数学）等。例如：Electronics is a piece of cake to him. Quantum mechanics （量子力学）supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms.3. 表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词（或词组）作主语时，如只指一种、一本或一个，不论它形式是单数还是复数，谓语动词只用单数形式。例如：The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American humorist Mark Twain.The New York Times is not available here. The United States was founded in 1776. 4. 单复数同形的名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致单复数同形的名词作主语时，要根据句子意思来确定谓语动词的单复数形式，单复数同形的名词包括：aircraft, deer, fish, sheep, means, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters 等。例如：Various means of transport are introduced in this article. There are already 137 species of butterflies known in the world today.5. 表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致这些复数名词，如表示抽象概念，被视作一整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示具体的多少，强调复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you. Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 6. 由with、as well as 等词或词组修饰的单数名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致如作主语的单数名词后有下列词或词组修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式：with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but 等。例如：The teacher as well as the students likes this novel. A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to help solve that problem. The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame. 7. and 连接的两个名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致一般情况下，and 连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但有些情况下，and 连接的两个名词意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。通常，如果两个名词只有一个限定词或无限定词修饰时，它们常常表示一个概念，如果两个名词分别有两个限定词修饰时，它们往往表示两个不同的概念。另外，如果and 连接的两个单数名词均有each 、every 、many a 、no 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：War and peace is a constant theme in history.The wear and tear on the machine is obvious. The secretary and manager was present at the meeting. Every hour and every minute is vital to me now. Many a boy and many a girl has been to the exhibition. 8. 连词or 等连接两个名词（或代词）作主语时，主语与谓语动词的一致连词or、eitheror 、neithernor 、not only but also 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词必须和靠它较近的一个名词或代词取得一致，这就是就近一致原则。例如：Either I or they are responsible for it. Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress. Not only he but also his family members are interested in football match. 9. none 本身作主语时或它修饰的名词或代词作主语时，如代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，如代表可数名词，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。10. one and a half 后接的名词应是复数形式，但谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half years has passed. 11. more than one 后接单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但如果more than one 本身作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。12. either、neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。13. one or two 后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。14. one of 后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。15. 动词不定式、动名词短语、名词性从句等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Seeing is believing. To hesitate means failure. 三、例题1. Professor Wu, with three lecturers, _ attending a symposium ( 专题讨论会) in Shanghai on energy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. One and a half hours _ passed. A. has B. are C. is D. have 3. Many a student _ going to take part in CET-6 next month. A. is B. is to C. are D. was 4. What matters _ not winning but participating. A. are B. to be C. was D. is5. Passenger ships and _ are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radio telephones. A. aircrafts B. aircraft C. the planes D. also the planes 6. John is the only one of the students who _ to France. A. has been B. have been C. had been D. has being 7. Linguistics （语言学）_ very difficult to learn. A. is not B. are not C. were not D. wasnt 8. The flight service crew _ largely women. A. is B. was C. are D. were 9. Three hours _ the limit of this examination. A. is B. were C. are D. was 10. His selected poems _ first published in 1992. A. was B. were C. had been D. are 11. Many a man _ life is meaningless without purpose. A. think B. thinks C. thought D. has thought 12. Nobody but San and Ann _ in the lab. A. are B. had been C. were D. is 13. More than one question _ discussed. A. have been B. has been C. are D. has 14. This is the best one of automobiles that _ in working order. A. is B. are C. had been D. have 15. Writing stories and articles _ what Im fond of. A. is B. were C. are D. have been 16. Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _. A. has been accepted B. have been accepted C. was accepted D. were accepted 17. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina. A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits 18. “Do you want to wait?” “Two weeks _ too long for me to wait.” A. was B. is C. are D. were 19. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home now. A. has B. are C. was D. is 20. The number of articles published on cancer _ amazing. A. are B. have been C. is D. be 21. More than one dish _. A. broken B. are broken C. was broken D. break 22. My sister as well as my father _ once a teacher. A. was B. were C. are D. is 23. Every man and woman working here _ along well with me. A. are getting B. get C. is got D. is getting 24. The old _ well looked after by the government. A. is B. are C. being D. has 25. How close parents are to their children _ a strong influence on the character of the children. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 26. News of victory _ pouring in. A. keep B. keeps C. have kept D. is kept 27. What _ your politics? A. is B. has C. are D. have 28. The choir _ unable to make up their minds. A. seems B. still C. seem D. remains 29. Bread and butter _ what I have for breakfast.A. is B. has C. are D. have 30. Anybody who _ the law will be punished. A. break B. broke C. breaks D. have broken四、例题解析1. 答案：A解析：如单数名词作主语时，后有下列词或词组with、as well as 、besides 、but 、together 、with 等作修饰，谓语动词仍用单数形式。题中主语为单数，后虽有with three lecturers 修饰，谓语动词仍用单数，故排除B 和D。依据题中now 一词，又可排除D，故A 为正确选择。2. 答案：A 解析：one and a half 后接名词作主语时，名词本身用复数，但谓语动词应用单数。因此排除B 和D。A 和C 区别在于时态，根据空当passed 一词，即可作出正确选择A。3. 答案：A 解析： many a 后加单数名词作主语时，虽然意思上表示“许多”，但谓语动词仍用单数。因此正确选择为A。B 语法不通。C 为复数可排除。D 时态不对。4. 答案：D 解析：A、C、D 三个选择都为be 动词，因此，空当前很可能是句子主语，又因出现动词matter （要紧、重要），因此，主语极可能为一主语从句，如主语为名词性从句，谓语动词一般用单数。将D 置入空当内，正好符合题意，因此以上推断正确。题意：重要的不是取胜而是参与。5. 答案：B 解析：根据空当前后部分内容和所给四个选择，and 后名词也应是复数形式。aircraft 一词的单复数形式相同，都为aircraft，因此A 可排除。C 虽然为复数形式，但定冠词the 不必要，亦可排除。D 亦可同时排除，因此，正确选择只能是B。题意：客船和客机常备有船上至岸上、空中到陆地的无线电电话机。6. 答案：A 解析：定语从句中谓语动词的性数应与先行词的性数取得一致。解此题关键是要弄清先行词是the only one 还是the students。7. 答案：A 解析：某些表示学科的名词，虽是复数形式，但谓语动词应用单数形式。据此，排除B 和C。A、D 区别在于时态，根据题意，D 即可排除，因此A 为正确选择。8. 答案：C 解析：某些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数取决于它在句中的单复数意思。如果指一整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。此题中crew 指具体乘务人员，因此谓语动词用复数，A 和B 即可排除。C、D 的区别在时态，稍稍比较，即可得出正确选择C。9. 答案：A 解析：某些表示时间、距离等的复数名词作主语时，如只表示一整体概念，不强调复数意义，谓语动词应用单数形式。本题中, three hours 被视为一整体，因此谓语动词不用复数形式，B、C 即可排除。因句中没有表示过去某时的时间状语，故D 可排除，得到最佳选择A。10. 答案：A 解析：书名、报名、国家名等作主语时，如只指一本或一个或一种，即使它是复数形式，谓语动词也还用单数形式，据此，可排除B 和D。另外题中有表示过去某时的状语，所以可以排除C，得出A 为正确选择。11. 答案：B 解析：many a 后接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，据此可排除A。B、C、D 的区别在于时态。因本题讲述一般的情况，故可排除C 和D，得出B 为正确答案。题意：许多人认为，人生没有目的就没有意义。12. 答案：D 解析：如作主语的名词（或代词）后有with、as well as 、but 等词修饰，谓语动词不受后面所出现的名词或代词的影响。据此，本题的谓语动词的性数应与nobody 保持一致。因此A、C 即可排除，因为当nobody 、anybody 、somebody 不是代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。13. 答案：B 解析：问题被讨论，据此可排除主动式的C 和D。A 和B 区别在于单复数。more than one 后接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，因此A 可排除，而得出B 为正确选择。注意，如果more than 本身作主语，谓语动词需用复数，如：More than one have come. 来了不只一人。14. 答案：B 解析：解此题关键在于弄清that 从句的先行词是哪一个。根据题意，先行词应是automobiles ，而非前面的the best one。15. 答案：A 解析：动名词或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。因此B、C、D 均可排除，得出A 为正确选择。题意：写小说和文章是我喜爱做的事情。16. 答案：C 解析：本题主语中心词neither （两者都不）是单数概念，因而谓语动词也应用单数。从题中看，定语从句中用了过去完成时，表示过去的过去。过去时间只能通过谓语动词才能实现，所以选C。17. 答案：A 解析：本题是一个倒装句，句子的真正主语是a soldier and two young people ，因而谓语动词应该是复数形式。18. 答案：B 解析：英语中表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语，其形式是复数，意义是单数。此题中“两个星期”是一个时间整体，在意义上是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。19. 答案：B 解析：neither nor 连接两个名词时，根据就近原则，谓语动词应与相邻的主语在数上取得一致。his parents 离空格最近，因而应填入are。20. 答案：C 解析：a number of 是一个短语，相当于many 。而the number of 的核心词是number， 表达的是一个单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。21. 答案：C 解析：more than one 表示复数概念，但one 是主语的核心词，故谓语动词须用单数。此句译为：“不止一个碟子被打碎了。” 22. 答案：A 解析：当主语中心词被together with 、as well as 、including 、with 等修饰时，不影响谓语动词与主语中心词数的一致性。my sister 是单数名词，句中once 又指过去，因而正确答案为A。23. 答案：D 解析：句子中的主语是由and 连接的两个单数句词，而且句词前又有each 、every 或no 作定语时，谓语动词应用单数。24. 答案：B 解析：“the + 形容词”作主语，若表示某一类可数的人或事物，如：the rich 、the blind 、the young 等，谓语动词用复数形式。如果表示不可数的事物、抽象概念或个别人，谓语动词用单数形式。25. 答案：B 解析：此题的主语是how 引导的一个主语从句，故谓语动词用单数。26. 答案：B 解析：此句译为“捷报频传”。news 是复数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词的数要取决于它所表示的意义，此句中的news 表示单数概念，因而B 正确。27. 答案：C 解析：politics 作“政治学”讲时是单数概念，在句中作主语时，应用单数谓语动词形式。但此句中的politics，是“政治观点”的意思，相当于political viewpoints (or stands)，因而空格内应填入复数动词。再如：acoustics 作句子主题时，若意为“声学”，则跟单数形式；若意为“音响效果”，则表示复数概念。28. 答案：C 解析：choir（合唱队）是集体名词，作主语时，若表示一个整体，则用单数谓语动词，若强调组成成员，则用复数谓语动词。此题是后一种情况。从句中的their 一词也说明正确的谓语动词形式是复数。类似的名词还有police 、team 、family 等。29. 答案：A 解析：bread and butter 意为“黄油面包”，常常一同使用，习惯上被视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数。30. 答案：C 解析：不定代词somebody 、everything、anybody 等作主语时谓语动词用单数。相关阅读：同等学力英语复习资料 同等学力成绩查询 2013年同等学力考试报名