短暂性动词于延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页 延续性动词和短暂性动词概念延续性动词和短暂性动词概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生英语中，动词按其动作发生方式、动作发生过程长短，可分方式、动作发生过程长短，可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。为延续性动词和短暂性动词。第2页vv短暂性动词短暂性动词:也称非延续性动词、瞬间动也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续动作，这种动作发生词，表示不能延续动作，这种动作发生后马上结束。如后马上结束。如open,close,finish,start,marry,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,get to,leave,move,buy,borrow等。等。第3页vv 延续性动词延续性动词:表示能够延续动作，这表示能够延续动作，这种动作能够延续下去或产生持久影种动作能够延续下去或产生持久影响。如：响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。等。要表示状态和延续性动作要表示状态和延续性动作时必须要用延续性动词时必须要用延续性动词.第4页常见几个短暂性动词.begin(start),leave,go,borrow,come,return.join,die,buy,arrive.marry,become。第5页短暂性动词使用方法1.短暂性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，所以可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？第6页2.短暂性动词表示动作极其短暂，不能连续。所以,不可与for或 since等表示一段时间状语连用。(只限于必定式)如：(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.第7页3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为能够延续状态，因而可与表示一段时间状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.第8页延续性动词使用方法1.延续性动词能够用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”状语连用。表示“段时间”短语有：for two years,during the past three years,since last year,how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。第9页2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间“点时间”状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。假如用延续性动词表示一瞬间动作，能够借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。第10页以下几个 情况不能用短暂性动词，要用延续性动词1.for+一段时间2.since+过去时间点3.since+普通过去时从句4.since+一段时间+ago5.how long have/has？在以上结构中，不能用have/has+短暂性动词过去分词。第11页l在现在完成时中短暂性动词假如要与表示一段时间时间状语连用,需把短暂性动词改为对应表示延续意义动词或词组才能够.第12页常见短暂性动词变延续性动词:Begin(start)be on leave be awayGo be there borrow(lend)keepCome be here return be back join be a member of(be in+组织点)die be dead buy have become bearrive in/at(reach,get to)be here/staymarry be married open be opened 第13页比如：1.My pet has died for two days.(误)die为短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间状语连用，这里要把die转化为延续性动词。即die be dead，则 My pet has been dead for two days.（正）第14页2.She has borrowed the VCD since three weeks ago.(误)borrow为短暂性动词，不能与since+一段时间+ago状语连用，这里要把borrow转化为延续性动词.即borrow keep，则 She has kept the VCD since three weeks ago.（正）第15页3.He has left his hometown since 1986.（误）leave为短暂性动词，不能与since+过去时间点状语连用，这里要把leave转化为延续性动词.He has been away from his hometown since 1986.(正)第16页练习:1.Do you know Huang Ting well?yes,she and I _ friends since we met in Wuhan last summer.A.have made B.were C.have been D.had come2.Mr.Green _Beijing since three years ago.A.has come to B.went C.had lived in D.has been in3.He _our school for two weeks.A.left B.has left C.has been away4.She _the dictionary for about twenty years.A.has bought B.has borrowed C.has had5.How long can I _ the book?Two weeks.A.borrow B.lend C.get D.keep第17页练习:6.I _ the League for 5 years so far.A.joined B.have joined C.have been in7.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A.has been opened B.has opened C.was open D.opened8.We _since we came here.A.have been married B.have married C.married D.has married9.He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A.slept B.was sleeping C.has sleep D.had slept10.He _ in Beijing since.A.arrived B.has arrived C.have arrived D.has stayed第18页第19页