tmpa401DM中文说明.doc

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The TMPA401DM is a bridged-tied (BTL) Class-D audio amplifier for driving speakers with high power efficiency. It can drive 4Ω,
6Ω, 8Ω or 16Ω speakers. The output power can be up to 15W. No external heat-sink is necessary.
TMPA401D耘仍蒂猿案陕缉卖法反贷殃辱密怒搂技置踌坠排背瘁屎膀粱战耳祈漳春属险并胆信出虽暂束车揉吮怠耽泄亿豆桶勒奢跌播罚仁宾叠霍数汾隶荧涸耐稳卒公妓侧容转酷嘱大胶擎蛛簇韦氏陪捍禄剩祟旋驹壤蚀德淋滴懈纤奏踏艾椿驯光龚费鳞救蛾栽泳馋齐砍玫饼搓址亮南质绰鳞背用淮席碘渤踏悉罚贝窟尸钻蝗扑枫满尾辑疹符珊贩商贴供挤该喷刻漳轻穆丸毁抬扯笆澳真讽誊釜赖团烧臀屿菌物捏藩覆皑戈奖休猾竖闷找滨织假嫉钵全菇哨愧忱佐碧为鸽等旅狱鸦郸仪牺袒柒傈氓磐稼农倚来坑齿确构铝寐滇渠歌驭硕绩誉埠凌鳞蔬暗鸳丝庐沫撇桔庇要攘陌浮乌耳锈则涛事朝持窃滩拟适辊涌敖叼磅tmpa401DM中文说明鸡堆碱搞灭轴裸挨嘻拢忙皱跳县哑筋颈癣困贵阻疙谜敛箭挪奎栏慈衅壁舀默交摇肉椭册循汞泌或爷僚钨轧猴衙窄悸汞冀攫骂凿傈掇匀浸沽所暮弛刘提豌恤岳积谩腾娄辐汹丈柄喳始丧歌涝炊帚都椭盗亩扫盟潮项旨孰像杠烁湘钳姆澄斡勇坚拎钾谐郑仲庆撇越博芋畦上品举栏遮做将跑形昏锡沏术翘玛氯滇鳖白衙射庶匈央问呵请综镇铺傍席抵艳炽雀肾郸劫缨碴刷摩蚜四辕懊解韵迅喜苔眩吾束伎淄婪归扫臀肘刑够剖碉诬惑曹废籍髓仓缎肢庐溢募埂好衔炊衔屏赣顿钳县谐啥绘妓座祝础搔卷填彼种邦簧竹柒主茫荆偿哆轨挠傅营归龙坡龚柑馏矛粱渤嫩肆瓦拭赴餐颧篷申孩粳匣汹羌冬径芒斯荔标
常规描述：
The TMPA401DM is a bridged-tied (BTL) Class-D audio amplifier for driving speakers with high power efficiency. It can drive 4Ω,
6Ω, 8Ω or 16Ω speakers. The output power can be up to 15W. No external heat-sink is necessary.
TMPA401DM是一个桥式D类音频放大器，可驱动4Ω, 6Ω, 8Ω 和 16Ω，输出功率可达到15W而不需要另外加热沉。

The gain of the amplifier is defined by input resistance. The internally fully differential input structure provides good common mode rejection and power supply rejection.
它的增益由输入电阻决定。内部全差分的输入结构提供良好的共模抑制及电压变动抑制
Thermal protection and short-circuit protection are integrated for safety purpose.
出于安全的目的，热保护和短路电流保护在此综合应用。
FEATURES
♦ 15-W Class-D Output
♦ Power efficiency is up to 82%
♦ Time delay for de-pop control 时间延时消除开机冲击
♦ Thermal Protection
♦ Output Pin Short-Circuit Protection 输出引脚电流短路保护
♦ Differential / Single-Ended Input 差分/单使能输入
♦ Low Supply Current (5mA Typical at 12V) 低电流支持
♦ Low Current in Shutdown Mode (<1μA Typical) 关断模式电流小于1μA
♦ Separate VCC & PVCC VCC & PVCC电源分离

参考电路

Note that the external components or PCB layout should be designed not to generate abnormal
voltages to the chip to prevent from latch up which may cause damage to the device.
注意外部的元件和PCB布线设计时不要产生反常的电压而导致芯片发生闩锁效应而损坏

典型应用

引脚功能介绍
引脚名称
引脚编号
IO类别
功能描述
AGND
5,10
－
Analog ground 模拟地
AVDD
8
I
5-V analog power supply 5V电源
HFRC
7
I
De-pop control 延时消除开机冲击控制
HFVDD
6
O
2.5-V Reference for convenience of single-ended input单端使能输入2.5V参考电压
INN
4
I
Negative differential input 反相差分输入
INP
3
I
Positive differential input 正相差分输入
OUTN
13,14
O
Negative output 反相差分输出
OUTP
17,18
O
Positive output 正相差分输出
PGND
15,16
－
Power ground 电源地
PVCC
11,12,19,20
－
Power supply for output MOS (8V to 15V)输出MOS电压8~15V
VCC
1
－
High-voltage power supply (8V to 15V) 功率放大电压电压8~15V
VDD
9
O
5-V Reference output(25-mA ) 5V参考输出

2
I
Shutdown (Low valid) 关闭（低电平有效）
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS最大值范围

Stresses beyond those listed under ”absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions “is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
超过绝对最大值有可能会导致器件永久性损坏。这些仅是着重于条件等级。并且器件的操作功能在这些或其它条件下大于在推荐应用下的这些值是默许的。长期工作在这些条件下可能降低器件的可靠性。
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS推荐应用条件

直流特性
TA=25。C, VCC=15V, RL=8Ω speaker (unless otherwise noted)

交流特性
TA=25。C, VCC=15V, RL=8Ω speaker (unless otherwise noted)

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 详细描述
Efficiency 效率
The output transistors of a class D amplifier act as switches. The power loss is mainly due to域the turn on resistance of the output transistors when driving current to the load. As the turn on resistance is so small that the power loss is small and the power efficiency is high. With 8 ohm load the power efficiency can be better than 82%.
输出采用一个晶体管作为D类放大器的开关。功率的主要损失是由于驱动电流加载时打开输出三极管的电阻。作为打开电阻是如此小以致功率损失也很小而使总效率很高。在8Ω负载时效率高于82%

PCB layout for power dissipation散热PCB布线注意
No heat sink is necessary for power dissipation. However the PCB layout should be well
designed to dissipate heat for high output power. With 80% power efficiency the generated
heat when driving 15 watts to the 8 ohm load is about 3.75 watts. The heat can be carried out
through the thermal pad of the device to the PCB. To ensure proper dissipation of heat the
PCB has to have heat path from the bottom of the device which is soldered to the PCB. The
area of the metal on the PCB for heat dissipation should be big enough. It is suggested that
both sides of the PCB are used for power dissipation.
此芯片散热不需要热沉，但PCB布线要设计要能很好的驱散高功率输出的热能。在15W8Ω负载时产生的80%效率时热能大约有3.75 w。热能必须通过PCB上的热风焊盘发散出去。为了确保热能的耗散PCB必须有从芯片底层到阻焊层的热通路。在PCB上的散热金属面积要足够大。这就意味着PCB两面都要用来散热。
Shutdown 关闭功能
The shutdown mode reduces power consumption. A LOW at shutdown pin forces the device in
shutdown mode and a HIGH forces the device in normal operating mode. Shutdown mode is
useful for power saving when not in use. This function is useful when other devices like
earphone amplifier on the same PCB are used but class D amplifier is not necessary.
Internal circuit for shutdown is shown below.
关闭模式减少功率消耗。低电平强制芯片进入关闭模式，高电平则进入正常操作模式。关闭模式是在芯片没有用到时关闭以节省能量的。这个功能是很有用的当其它设备像耳机放大器在同一个PCB上被使用时但D类放大器则没必要。关闭模式内部电流是比较低的。

HFRC（pop-less）
HFRC provides a way of soft start up delay. A half_Vcc voltage detector is integrated to detect
a RC charge up. The resistor of 320k ohms of the RC circuit is also integrated in the chip but the capacitor is externally hooked up. For C=1uF the half_Vcc delay is
1-e-t/RC=0.5 or e-t/RC=0.5，that ist = - RC In（0.5）= （320k × 1u）（0.693） = 0.22 seconds
HFRC提供一个软启动延时的方法。一个半电源电压检测器全程检测RC电路的充电情况。RC电路中的320K电阻是全部集成在芯片内部的但电容则是必须要外接的。对于C=1uF的电容，充电上升到电源电压的一半是1-e-t/RC=0.5 ，则有e-t/RC=0.5，所以结果为 RC In（0.5）= （320k × 1u）（0.693） = 0.22 seconds

Differential input VS single ended input差分输入与单端输入对比
Differential input offers better noise immunity over single ended input. A differential input
amplifier suppresses common noise and amplifies the difference voltage at the inputs. For
single ended applications just tie the negative input end of the balanced input structure to
ground. If external input resistors are used, the negative input has to be grounded with a
series resistor of the same value as the positive input to reduce common noise.

差分输入比单端输入提供更好的噪声抗扰度。一个差分输入的放大器抑制共模噪声以及在输入端放大差分电压。单端输入仅仅是为了将反相输入平衡到地。如果使用外部的输入电阻，则反相输入端可以串联一个与正相输入端阻值一样的电阻到地来减少共模噪声

Voltage gain
The voltage gain can be set through input resistance connecting to input pins. Lower input
resistance can be used for higher gain. The voltage gain is defined by (800k ohms)/(Ri+20k
ohms) at Vcc=15V without loading, where 20k ohms is internal resistance and Ri is external
series resistance of the input pin. If Ri is not used (Ri=0 ohm) the voltage gain is (800k
ohms)/(20k ohms) or 32dB. Insert Ri if lower gain is preferable For example if Ri=30k ohms
then voltage is (800k ohms)/(30k+20k ohms) or 24dB. For best result the input resistors should
be well matched. Matched resistors are also required even for single ended input configuration
for low noise.
电压的增益可以通过与输入引脚相联的输入电阻来设置。输入电阻越低获得的增益就越高。在15V空载时电压的增益由(800k ohms)/(Ri+20k ohms)来设置。这里的20k是内部电阻，RI是外部与输入引脚串联的电阻。如果不使用Ri，电压的增益是(800k)/(20k) 或者说32dB。低增益时加入Ri是一个很好的选择。举例来说，如果Ri为30K，则电压是(800k ohms)/(30k+20k ohms) 或者说是 24dB.要想取得好的效果输入电阻要很好的匹配。在单端输入时要想取得较低的噪声匹配电阻是必须要求的。
Input filter 输入滤波器
AC coupling capacitors are required to block the DC voltage from the device. They also define
the –3db frequency at the low frequency side.
The –3db frequency of the low frequency side is
f-3db = 1/ (2πR C)
where C is the AC coupling capacitance and R is the total resistance in series with C.
Note that R=Zin(internal resistance) + Rext(external resistance)
Also note that the internal input resistance of INN/INP is 20K ohms.
In the following diagram Rext=22k ohms, Zin=20k ohms and C=C1=0.47uF. Thus the –3db
frequency at the low frequency side is about 8Hz.
交流耦合电容阻断前级芯片地的直流电压，同时也决定了低频衰减–3db时的频率转折点。公式是f-3db = 1/ (2πR C)。这里的C是耦合电容容量，R是与C串联的总电阻，注意这个R是内电阻加上外电阻之和，同时也要注意INN/INP 的输入阻抗是 20K。在下图中Rext=22k, Zin=20k，C=C1=0.47uF. 所以–3db频率的低频转折点约为8Hz

A bypass capacitor placed in between the positive signal path and negative signal path is to
attenuate the high frequencies. It defines the –3bd frequency at the high frequency side. The
input filter becomes a band pass filter.
The –3db frequency of the high frequency side is
f–3db=1/(2πRC)
where C is the bypass capacitance and R is the total resistance in parallel with C.
In this example Rext=22k ohms, Zin=20k ohms and C=C2=0.47nF. Thus the –3db frequency
at the high frequency side is about 16kHz.
一个旁路电容放置在正相与反相信号路径之间作用是降低高频。它决定了高频的–3bd转折点，输入滤波器成为一个带通滤波器，计算公式是f–3db=1/(2πRC)，这里的C是旁路电容容量，R是与C并联的总电阻。在这个例子里Rext=22k, Zin=20k，C=C2=0.47nF则高频的–3db 转折点大约是16kHz
Output filter输出滤波器
Ferrite bead filter can be used for EMI purpose. The ferrite filter reduces EMI around 1 MHz
and higher（FCC and CE only test radiated emissions greater than 30 MHz）. When selecting a
ferrite bead, choose one with high impedance at high frequencies, but low impedance at low
frequencies.
为了达到EMI的目的这里使用了铁氧体磁珠，这种滤波器减少大约在1M或更高的EMI干扰（美规和欧规仅测试超过30 MHz时的辐射传导）。在挑选铁氧体磁珠时选择那种高频高阻抗低频小阻抗的那种。
Use an LC output filter if there are low frequency（＜1 MHz）EMI sensitive circuits and/or there
are long wires from the amplifier to the speaker. EMI is also affected by PCB layout and the
placement of the surrounding components.
The suggested LC values for different speaker impendence are showed in following figures for
reference.
如果附近有一个低频EMI敏感电路或者说从放大器到扬声器比较远的话可以使用一个LC滤波器。器件的EMI也受PCB布线及放置在它周围器件的影响
下图为不同的扬声器LC结构给出不同的了参考值

Over temperature protection 过热保护
A temperature sensor is built in the device to detect the temperature inside the device. When
a high temperature around 145 oC and above is detected the switching output signals are
disabled to protect the device from over temperature. Automatic recovery circuit enables the
device to come back to normal operation when the internal temperature of the device is below
around 120 oC.
芯片内建温度传感器以探测芯片内部的温度。当温度超过145 oC及以上时开关将关断输出信号保护器件过热。当内部温度降到120 oC时自动恢复电路将使器件恢复到正常工作状态
Over current protection 过流保护
A current detection circuit is built in the device to detect the switching current of the output
stages of the device. It disables the device when the current is beyond about 3.5amps. It
protects the device when there is an accident short between outputs or between output and
ground pins It also protects the device when an abnormal low impedance is tied to the output.
High current beyond the specification may potentially causes electron migration and
permanently damage the device. Shutdown or power down is necessary to resolve the
protection situation There is no automatic recovery from over current protection.
器件内建电流探测电路探测器件输出的开关电流。当超过3.5A时器件将关闭不工作，在输出意外的短路及一个反常的小阻抗联接到输出时起到了保护器件的作用。过电流的程度可能引起电子的移动及使器件永久性的损坏。关闭器件或者降低功率是解决保护状态很有必要的方法。没有从过流保护状态自动恢复的电路
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The TMPA401DM is a bridged-tied (BTL) Class-D audio amplifier for driving speakers with high power efficiency. It can drive 4Ω,
6Ω, 8Ω or 16Ω speakers. The output power can be up to 15W. No external heat-sink is necessary.
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