Great-scientists同步检测题4.doc

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高二英语同步精品
必修5　
Unit 1　Great scientists

一、重点词汇
考点1．【教材原句】John Snow defeats “king cholera”.
约翰.诺斯战胜了“霍乱王”。
defeat vt.战胜，打败；（使）受挫； n.失败；击败
【例句研读】
(1)They hoped to defeat the enemy at sea.
他们希望在海上 ________ 敌人。
(2)I never consider the possibility of defeat.
我从未考虑有 ________ 的可能性.
【归纳拓展】
defeat/beat的宾语都是某个人或某个集体 ( sb/ a team/ a class/ a school/ an army )。而win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，宾语多是game,match,race,election,prize.
【即时巩固】
(1) No difficulty could ______ this brave man since he is so confident and capable.
A. defeat B.attack C.win D.overcome
(2) The local team ______ the championship by ______ all the other teams.
考点2．【教材原句】John Snow was a famous doctor in London——so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰.斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。ks5uks5uKs5u.Com]
attend v.照顾；护理；专心；注意 ‚vt.出席；参加
【例句研读】
(1) There was no one to attend (to) him but Tina.
除了缇娜，再无人 ________ 他了。
(2)Attend to your study and stop talking.
________ 学习，不要说话。
(3)Attend a meeting/ a lecture/ school
________ 会议/ ________ 讲座/ ________ 学
【归纳拓展】
attend (to) sb照料/关怀某人
attend to sth处理/专心于某事
辨析join, attend, join in, take part in
易混词(组)
辨析
例句
join
指加入某个组织或团体，如军队、团队、政党等
I decided to join the army.我决定去参军。
attend

指参加会议或仪式，如参加婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学、听报告等
I often attend meetings and sometimes I take part in/join in the discussion.我经常出席会议，有时参加会议的讨论。ks5uks5uKs5u.Com]ks5uks5uKs5u]ks5uks5uks5uKS5U]ks5uks5uks5u]
join inks5uks5uks5u]ks5uks5uks5u]ks5uks5uks5u]
侧重指与某人一起做某事，结构为join (sb) in sth.ks5uks5uks5uKS5U]ks5uks5uks5u]ks5uks5uks5uKS5U]ks5uks5uks5uKS5U]
take part in
指参加一些大型的、正式的或有组织的活动，并起到重要作用
【即时巩固】
(1) When I got there, he was _______ a wedding party.
A. attending B.joining C.attending to D.joining in
(2)Usually children are allowed to ______ school when they are six years old.
(3)The coach asked his assistant to ______ to the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans.
(4)When did your father ______ the Party?
(5)We can’t wait to ______ the game.
(6)I didn’t ______ the meeting yesterday, or I would have ______ the discussion.
(7)Please ______ us _____our game.
考点3．【教材原句】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触；使体验
【归纳拓展】
expose…to…使…暴露于…；使遭受；使冒…险
be exposed to…暴露于…；接触…
【例句研读】
(1)Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴儿____________
(2)Wounds that are exposed to the air heal more quickly.
伤口 ________ 在空气中愈合得更快。
(3)Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.
马铃薯 _________________ 会变绿。
【即时巩固】
(1) Children ______ to difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.
(2) ______ to the sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin.
(3) The water companies were instructed to keep the people from ______ to the polluted water.
考点4．【教材原句】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，一步了解它的治疗方法。
cure n.治愈；痊愈； v.治愈（某人）；解决（问题）
【例句研读】
(1) There is still no cure for AIDS.仍没有 ________ 艾滋病的方法。
(2)Many people believe that prison isn’t a cure for crime.
许多人认为监禁并不是 ________ 犯罪的良方。
(3)The doctor cured him of his illness.
医生 ________ 他的病。
【归纳拓展】
a cure for…治愈…
cure sb of sth治好某人的…病
辨析cure与treat
易混词
辨析
搭配
一言辨异
cure
强调“结果”，即“治愈”
cure sb of sth
The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didn’t cure her.医生用一种新药为她治头疼，但没有把她治好。
treat
强调“过程”，即“治疗”
treat sb for sth
宾语结构为sb of sth的常见动词有：
warn sb of sth警告某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人的某物inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某事 cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病 convince sb of sth说服某人某事 cheat sb of sth欺骗某人某事accuse sb of sth指控某人某事 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事 suspect sb of sth怀疑某人做过某事
【即时巩固】
(1) ——Your son is naughty.
——Eh, and in addition, he has got into some bad habits. I think I should cure him ______ them.
(2) They haven’t found a cure ______ cancer.
考点5．【教材原句】The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一种看法时霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。
suggest v.暗示，表明；提议，建议
【例句研读】
(1) Her face suggests that she’s bored.
她的表情 ________ 她厌烦了。
(2) I suggest going in my car.
我 ________ 坐我的车去。
(3) I suggest (that) we (should) go out to eat.
我 ________ 我们出去吃饭吧。
【归纳拓展】
(1)注意suggest的宾语从句既可以用虚拟语气，还可用陈述语气：
suggest作“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”；作“表明”讲时，其宾语从句用陈述语气。
表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形，这类动词主要有：一个坚持：insist
二道命令：order，command
三条建议：suggest，advise，propose
四点要求：demand，desire，request, require
(2)suggest sth to sb/ suggest to sb sth表示“向某人建议某事”。suggest不能接双宾语。类似不能接双宾语的动词还有：explain（解释），announce（通知，宣布），report（报告，报道）等。
(3)建议（某人）做某事：
suggest（one’s/one）doing sth
【即时巩固】
(1) Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. (S94)
A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has
(2) I insist that a doctor _____ immediately.(M88)
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
考点6．【教材原句】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法时人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入体内。
absorb v. 吸收；吸引，使专心，使全神贯注
【例句研读】
(1) The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
这种乳霜皮肤易 ________ 。
(2) The book absorbed her attention.
这本书 ________ 她的注意。
(3) Yuan Longping is absorbed in his research.
袁隆平 ________ 他的水稻研究。
【归纳拓展】
英语中表示“全神贯注于/专注于”的短语有：put one’s heart into, focus/concentrate on, be lost in, be deep in, devote oneself to
【即时巩固】
(1) _______________(专注于)his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
考点7．【教材原句】John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
约翰.斯诺认为第二种看法时正确的，但他需要证据。
suspect v.认为；怀疑； n.嫌疑犯
【归纳拓展】
suspect sb to be…怀疑某人…
suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人（做过）某事
suspect that…怀疑…
【例句研读】
(1)I suspect him to be a pickpocket.=I suspect that he is a pickpocket.
我 ________ 他是个扒手。
(2)The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.
人们 ________ 这种药物造成200多人死亡。
(3)The police took that suspect to the police station.
警察把那个 ___ 逮到了警察局。
【即时巩固】
(1) The man, suspected _________ having stolen the jewels of the shop, was missing last night.
(2) 如果发现了看起来像嫌疑犯的人，我直接的反应将是告诉警察。(2010湖北高考)
If I find someone who looks like the _________, my immediate reaction will be to tell the police.
考点8．【教材原句】It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。
blame vt.责备，谴责，把…归咎于& n.过失；责备
【归纳拓展】
blame sb for (doing) sth因（做）某事责备某人
blame…on把…归咎于
be to blame (for)（因…）应受谴责，（因…）应负责任（主动表被动）
bear/ take the blame for 对…负责
put/ place/ lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人
【例句研读】
(1) She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s death.
她没把她父亲的死 ________ 任何人。
(2) The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.
警方把事故 ________ 危险驾驶。
(3) Which driver was to blame for the accident?
哪个司机是此次事故的 ________ ？
(4) If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.
如果发生那样的事，教练将 ________ 。
(5) They placed the blame on the doctor.
他们将责任 ________ 这个医生。
【即时巩固】
(1) （2006安徽高考）Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ______.
A. blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed
考点9．【教材原句】The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。
instruct vt.命令；指示；教导
【归纳拓展】
instruct sb in sth教授某人某事
instruct sb to do sth命令某人做某事
as instructed按照指示
instruction n.指示；命令（pl.）说明书；使用指南
instructor n.教员，指导者 instructive adj. 有益的；有教育意义的
【例句研读】
(1)She instructed me in the use of the computer.
她 ________ 我使用电脑。
(2) He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.
他 ________ 我把东西送给顾客。
(3) She arrived at 10 as instructed.
她 ________ 10点钟达到。
【即时巩固】
(1) The college will need an additional teacher to ______ the students in cooking.
A. persuade B.request C.instruct D.expect
(2)Dr Williams ______教我们植物学）
(3)She attended the meeting _________________________.（按照指示）
(4)___________________（遵照说明）on the packet carefully.

二、 重点短语
考点1．put forward提出（意见、建议、观点等）；提前；把（时钟）往前拨；推荐，提名
【教材原句】Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？
【例句研读】
(1)He put forward a constructive suggestion.
他 ________ 一条建设性的建议。
(2)We have put the wedding forward by one week.
我们已经把婚礼 ________ 一周。
(3)Remember to put your clocks forward tonight.
记住今晚把时钟指针 ________ 。
(4)Can I put you forward as our club secretary?
我 _____________ 我们俱乐部秘书好不好？
【归纳拓展】
put down放下；镇压；写下 put away收拾好；储存
put…in force使…生效 put…into practice实施，实行
put off推迟 put on穿上；上演；假装
put out扑灭；生产 put up举起；搭建；张贴；留…住宿
put up with容忍 put aside把…撇开不理，不考虑
【即时巩固】
(1) ——Why is he feeling down today?
——Because the suggestion he ____ has been turned down.
A.put away B.put up C.put down D.put forward
(2)Our sports meeting has been ______ till next month because of the bad weather.
(3)They ______ a notice there, saying,“Keep off the grass.”
(4)The fire was ______ finally with the help of the firefighter.
(5)How can you ______ such a rude person for so long a time?
(6)The students have ______ a series of questions.
考点2．Draw a conclusion得出结论
【归纳拓展】
conclusion n.结论；结束
arrive at/ come to/ reach/ draw a conclusion得出结论
make a conclusion下结论；结束
in conclusion总而言之
conclude v. 结束；推断出
conclude (sth.) with用…结束（某事）
conclude…from…从…中推断出…
to conclude=in conclusion总之
【例句研读】
(1)From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.
从证据看，我敢 ________ 你错了。
(2)The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.
这个夜晚在宴会和讲话中 ________ 。
(3)What can we conclude from this debate?
从这场辩论中我们能得出什么 ________ ？
(4)To conclude, it was a great success.
________ ，这是个很大的成功。
【即时巩固】
(1) We ________________（得出结论）the room must be empty.
(2) _________ can we _______(得出什么结论)from the passage?
(3) _____________(总之，最后)，these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a high salary.
(4) The speaker ________________ (用…结束了他的演讲)a famous saying.
考点3．lead to 导致；引起；通往
【教材原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字， 然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。
【例句研读】
(1)Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
食用过多的糖会 ________ 健康问题。
(2)Excuse me, does this road lead to the railway station?
劳驾，这条路 ________ 火车站吗？
【归纳拓展】
“导致；引起”的表达：
lead to; contribute to; bring about; cause; result in
【即时巩固】
(1) （2007浙江高考）We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _____ violence.
A. runs into B.comes from C.leads to D.begins with
考点4．make sense讲得通；有意义（反义词组：make no sense）
【教材原句】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
【例句研读】
(1) He doesn’t talk much, but what he says makes sense.他话不多，但言之 _____ 。
(2)This sentence doesn’t make any sense.=This sentence makes no sense.这个句子完全 ________ 。
(3)Can you make any sense of this article?你能 ________ 这篇文章吗？
(4)There is no sense in worrying about the past.为过去的事情担忧 __________ 。
(5)In no sense will he give up.他 ________ 放弃。
【归纳拓展】
make sense of sth理解/明白某事
in no sense决不
There is no sense in dong sth做某事是没有道理/意义的。
【即时巩固】
(1) Don’t say any more; we all believe the facts rather than your words. What you have explained doesn’t make _______.
A. meaning B.use C.fun D.sense

三、经典句型
考点1．“Only+状语”位于句首，句子或主句要用部分倒装语序
【教材原句】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
【句法分析】“Only+状语”位于句首，句子或主句要用倒装语序。
【例句研读】
(1)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
直到1918年战争结束后，他才能愉快地重新投身于工作。
【归纳拓展】
(1)only修饰的状语，如不位于句首，则不用倒装。
The aim will be achieved only after a bitter struggle. 只有经过艰苦的奋斗，目标才能达到。
(2)only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。
Only when did he return did we find out the truth. (×)
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√ )
(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。
Only can he answer the question. (×)
Only he can answer the question. (√ )
(4)辨析：
易混词组
辨析
例句
only if
意为“只要，只有”，通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to by a new car.我只有找到了工作再有足够的钱买一辆新车。
if only
意为“但愿，要是…就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句、感叹句
If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次机会就好了。
【即时巩固】
(1) （2013江西高考）Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ______to him again.
A. I will speak B.will I speak C.do I speak D.I speak
(2) Only in this way _________ progress in your English. (N84)
A. you make B. can you make
C. you be able to make D. will you able to make
(3)It was announced that only when the fire was under control _______ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted(江西08)
(4)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______properly in this hospital.（2013全国）
A. can be the patients treated    B. can the patients be treated
C. the patients can be treated   D. treated can be the patients
考点2．“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导定语从句
【教材原句】Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.
然而，哥白尼的理论在现在却是我们的宇宙观赖以建立的基础。
【句法分析】on which…built为定语从句，修饰先行词the basis.
【考点聚焦】“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导定语从句，主要考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择。
【归纳拓展】
该结构中介词的选择要遵从“一先，二动，三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据从句的意义来确定介词。
注意：有时，为了表达需要，可以在关系副词when、where前加上介词from、to、until、since等。I came here in 1949, since when I have been engaged in this work.我1949年到这里,从那时起我就担任这项工作。He was standing by the window, from where he could see what was happening in the street. 他站在窗户边，从那儿他可以看到大街上所发生的事情。
【例句研读】
(1) I forgot the exact place in which I had hidden the box.
我忘记了藏那个盒子的确切地方。
(2) The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.
你等的那位老师来了。
(3) The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种五色的气体叫氧气，离开了它我们就不能生存。
【即时巩固】
(1) She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years. (江西2011)
A. for which B. with which