国际商法56-57翻译.doc

国际商法
结课作业
标题 56页—57页原文及译文

系名称
经济与管理系
专业名称
国际经济与贸易
班级
国贸13-1班
学生姓名

学 号

指导教师

日期
2015年12月28日
成绩

2. In the case of carriage involved in the sales contract
If the sales contract involves carriage of the goods, according to the article 67, if the seller is not required by the contract to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the sales contract; If the seller is bound to hand the goods over to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place. The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the passing of the risk.
2. 销售合同涉及到货物的运输
如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第六十七条规定，如果卖方没有义务在某一特定地点交付货物，自货物按照销售合同交付给第一承运人以转交给买方时起，风险就移转到买方承担。如果卖方有义务在某一特定地点把货物交付给承运人，在货物于该地点交付给承运人以前，风险不移转到买方承担。卖方受权保留控制货物处置权的单据，并不影响风险的移转。

Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice given to the buyer or otherwise.
但是，在货物以货物上加标记、或以装运单据、或向买方发出通知或其它方式清楚地注明有关合同以前，风险不移转到买方承担。

3. In the case of goods sold in transit
In light of the article 68, the risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the time of conclusion of the contract. However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk isassumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage.
3. 运输途中销售的货物
根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第六十八条规定，对于在运输途中销售的货物，从订立合同时起，风险就移转到买方承担。但是，如果情况表明有此需要，从货物交付给签发载有运输合同单据的承运人时起，风险就由买方承担。
Nevertheless, if at the time of concluding the sales contract the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the loss or damage is assumed by the seller.
尽管如此，如果卖方在订立合同时已知道或理应知道货物已经遗失或损坏，而他又不将这一事实告之买方，则这种遗失或损坏应由卖方负责。

4. In other cases
The article 69 makes provisions on passing of risk in other cases. In cases not falling within articles 67 and 68, the risk passes to the buyer when he takes over the goods; if he does not do so in due time, the risk passes to him from the time when the goods are placed at his disposal and he commits a breach of contract by failing to take delivery on time.
4. 其他方面
《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第六十九条做了以下规定，在不属于第六十七条和第六十八条规定的情况下，从买方接收货物时起，或如果买方不在适当时间内这样做，则从货物交给他处置但他不收取货物从而违反合同时起，风险移转到买方承担。
If the buyer is required by the contract to take over the goods at a place other than the place of business of the seller, the risk passes when delivery is made in due time and the buyer is aware of the fact that the goods have been placed at his disposal at that place. However, the goods are considered not to be placed at the disposal of the buyer until they are clearly identified to the contract.
但是，如果买方有义务在卖方营业地以外的某一地点接收货物，当交货时间已到而买方知道货物已在该地点交给他处置时，风险方始移转。如果合同指的是当时未加识别的货物，则这些货物在未清楚注明有关合同以前，不得视为已交给买方处置。

5. Passing of risk and fundamental breach of contract
According to the article 70 of CISG, if the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract, the passing of risk under articles 67,68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the buyer relying on the breach.
5. 风险转移中合同的违约
如果卖方已根本违反合同，第六十七条、第六十八条和第六十九条的规定，不损害买方因此种违反合同而可以采取的各种补救办法。

3.2 Principles of International Commercial Contracts 国际商事合同通则

3.2.1 A Brief Introduction to PICC 国际商事合同通则简介
Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) was first published by the UNIDROIT in 1994 and revised in 2004. The second edition is the newest version up to now.
《国际商事合同通则》（Principles of International Commercial Contracts，简称PICC）是国际统一私法协会1994年编撰的，2004年做了大的修订。第二次的编撰是目前最新的并且沿用至今。
The UNIDROIT Principles 2004 consist of the Preamble and 185 articles divided into ten chapters.
2004年版《国际商事合同通则》有十章共185项条文。。
Ÿ Chapter 1: General Provisions.
Ÿ Chapter 2:
Section 1 Formation;
Section 2 Authority of Agents.
Ÿ Chapter 3: Validity.
Ÿ Chapter 4: Interpretation.
Ÿ Chapter 5:
Section 1 Content;
Section 2 Third Party Rights.
Ÿ Chapter 6:
Section 1 Performance in General;
Section 2 Hardship.
Ÿ Chapter 7:
Section 1 Nonperformance in General;
Section 2 Right to Performance;
Section 3 Termination;
Section 4 Damages.
Ÿ Chapter 8: Set-off
Ÿ Chapter 9:
Section 1 Assignment of Rights;
Section 2 Transfer of Obligations;
Section 3 Assignment of Contracts;
Ÿ Chapter 10: Limitation Periods.

Ÿ 第一章： 总则
Ÿ 第二章：
第一节 合同的订立
第二节 代理人的权限
Ÿ 第三章：合同的效力
Ÿ 第四章：合同的解释
Ÿ 第五章：
第一节 合同的内容
第二节 权利
Ÿ 第六章：
第一节 履行的一般规定
第二节 艰难情形；
Ÿ 第七章：
第一节 不履行的一般规定
第二节 要求履行的权利
第三节 合同的终止
第四节 损害赔偿；
Ÿ 第八章：抵消；
Ÿ 第九章：
第一节 权利的转让
第二节 债务的转移
第三节 合同的转让；
Ÿ 第十章：时效期间。
The UNIDROIT PICC sets forth general rules for international commercial contracts. They may be applied when the parties have agreed that their contract be governed by them, or when the parties have agreed that their contract be governed by general principles of law, the lexmercatoriaor the like, or to settle the disputes relating to the contract when the parties have not chosen any law to govern their contract. They may be used to interpret or supplement international uniform law instruments and domestic law. They may also serve as a model for national and international legislators.
《国际商事合同通则》旨在为国际商事合同制定一般规则，在当事人约定其合同受《国际商事合同通则》管辖时，应适用《国际商事合同通则》；在当事人约定其合同适用法律的一般原则、商人习惯法或类似措辞时，可适用《国际商事合同通则》；在当事人未选择任何法律管辖其合同时，可适用《国际商事合同通则》《国际商事合同通则》可用于解释或补充国际统一法文件；《国际商事合同通则》可用于解释或补充国内法；《国际商事合同通则》也可作为国内和国际立法的范本。

3.2.2 Comparison between PICC and CISG PICC与CISG的比较
In comparison with CISG, PICC is not an international convention and need not to be signed and ratified by countries. It can be applicably to any international convention and need to be signed and ratified by countries. It can be applicable to any international commercial contract by virtue of the agreement of the parties.
相比较《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》，《国际商事合同通则》不是一项国际公约，不需要国家的签署和批准。可以应用于任何一项只要当事人同意的销售合同中。
Although being different in status from CISG, the major rules of PICC were established on the basis of the contents of CISG. In other words, PICC has the primary and essential provisions in common with CISG.
《国际商事合同通则》在地位上和《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》有很大的不同，《国际商事合同通则》是在《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》基础上建立起来的。换句话说，《国际商事合同通则》有许多首要和基本的规定与《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》相似。
Nevertheless, there are some important differences between PICC and CISG. The major differences are listed as follows.
但是，《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》与《国际商事合同通则》还是有许多不同之处，主要的不同之处如下：
1. Sphere of application
Provided that the parties so agreed, PICC may be applicable to all sorts of commercial contracts, including contracts for sale, investment, technology license or trade in service; whereas CISG only applies to contracts for international sale of goods.
1.适用范围
只要当事人同意，《国际商事合同通则》可以用于各类商业合同，包括买卖合同，投资，技术许可证和服务贸易合同；而《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》只能用于国际货物买卖合同。 .

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