英语意群重读弱读连读爆破和语调市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

英语句子重音、语英语句子重音、语气、连读、弱读、气、连读、弱读、爆破及意群爆破及意群第1页句子重音句子重音Must I stick it on myself?Must I stick it on myself?Must I stick it on myself?Must I stick it on myself?Must I Must I stick it on mystick it on myself?self?在连贯话语中，不可能全部词都一样主要，必在连贯话语中，不可能全部词都一样主要，必定有些词较为关键，有些词则相对次要一些。定有些词较为关键，有些词则相对次要一些。普通来说，关键词需要重读，这就是句子重音，普通来说，关键词需要重读，这就是句子重音，而其它词则无须重读。而其它词则无须重读。第2页名名词词、实实义义动动词词、形形容容词词、副副词词、数数词词、指指示示代代词词、疑疑问问词词和和感感叹叹词词等等普通都重读。普通都重读。而而冠冠词词、介介词词、连连词词和和普普通通性性代代词词则不重读。则不重读。NoteNote第3页What s the What s the matter?matter?The The sweater is sweater is beautiful.beautiful.Your Your book is on the book is on the desk.desk.He He started started counting it.counting it.He He usually usually gets up at gets up at six oclock.six oclock.第4页助动词、情态动词和助动词、情态动词和bebe动词是否有句子重音？动词是否有句子重音？1.1.助助动动词词、情情态态动动词词和和bebe动动词词普普通通没没有有句句子子重重音音，但但在在附附加加句中能够重读，在简答句中则必须重读：句中能够重读，在简答句中则必须重读：He wont do it,He wont do it,will he?No he will he?No he wont.wont.You can do it,You can do it,cant you?Yes,I cant you?Yes,I can.can.You were trying,You were trying,werent you?Yes,I werent you?Yes,I was.was.2.2.助动词、情态动词和助动词、情态动词和bebe动词与动词与notnot连成一词时要重读：连成一词时要重读：She She doesnt doesnt like the like the weather here.weather here.I I cant cant speak speak FrenchFrench。They They arent arent waiting for us.waiting for us.He He isnt a tech isnt a tech nician.nician.第5页3.be3.be用在普通疑问句句首时，重读是否均可：用在普通疑问句句首时，重读是否均可：Is he a Is he a worker?worker?Is he a Is he a worker?worker?比较句中重音比较句中重音在比较句中，重音落在在比较句中，重音落在asas或或thanthan后代（名）词上：后代（名）词上：This is better than This is better than that.that.John is taller than John is taller than Bill.Bill.Shes as happy as a Shes as happy as a lark.lark.Hes as sly as a Hes as sly as a fox.fox.第6页逻辑重音逻辑重音句句子子重重音音总总是是要要表表现现说说话话人人思思想想和和他他所所要要表表示示意意思思重重点点。有有时时为为了了强强调调，句句子子中中几几乎乎任任何何词词都都能能够够有有句句子子重重音音，包包含含一一些些通通常常没没有有句句子子重重音音词词，这种这种依说话者意图重读音就是逻辑重音依说话者意图重读音就是逻辑重音。第7页Are you Are you angry with me?angry with me?Are you Are you angry with angry with me?me?Are Are you you angry with me?angry with me?Did you tell my Did you tell my wife?wife?Did you tell Did you tell my wife?my wife?Did Did you tell my wife?you tell my wife?We We heard heard John John talking.talking.We We heard John talking.heard John talking.We heard We heard John talking.John talking.第8页语气语气英语语气主要有英语语气主要有降调、升调和平调降调、升调和平调三大类。三大类。不不一一样样语语气气能能够够表表示示说说话话人人不不一一样样态态度度和和不不一一样样隐含意思。隐含意思。英英语语中中同同一一句句话话采采取取不不一一样样语语气气会会产产生生截截然然不不一一样语意概念。如样语意概念。如“Yes”“Yes”。语气含有强烈感情色彩，它使语言更富有表现力。语气含有强烈感情色彩，它使语言更富有表现力。第9页用于陈说句用于陈说句I have already read that book.I have already read that book.That street is two miles long.That street is two miles long.用于特殊疑问句用于特殊疑问句What has happened to him?What has happened to him?Which direction is it to the post office?Which direction is it to the post office?注意：注意：特殊疑问句有时可用升调表示请他人重复刚说过话：特殊疑问句有时可用升调表示请他人重复刚说过话：What is your major?What is your major?Where shall we go for the holiday?Where shall we go for the holiday?降调降调第10页用于祈使句用于祈使句Go back to your seat!Go back to your seat!Please do not hesitate to contact me.Please do not hesitate to contact me.用于感叹句用于感叹句What a small world!What a small world!Oh!My poor Mathilde,how youve changed!Oh!My poor Mathilde,how youve changed!用于选择疑问句中用于选择疑问句中“or”“or”之后部分之后部分Do you want to ride or walk?Do you want to ride or walk?Would you like coffee or tea?Would you like coffee or tea?第11页用于普通疑问句用于普通疑问句Do you mind if I sit here?Do you mind if I sit here?Can you hand in your compositions today?Can you hand in your compositions today?注注意意：普普通通疑疑问问句句有有时时也也可可用用降降调调，表表示示一一个个不不耐耐烦口气，或表示命令等。烦口气，或表示命令等。Are you satisfied?Are you satisfied?Will you take off your hat,please?Will you take off your hat,please?升调升调第12页用于罗列中最终一项之前各项用于罗列中最终一项之前各项For For each each incomplete incomplete sentence,sentence,there there are are four four choices marked A,B,C,and D.choices marked A,B,C,and D.We We study study Chinese Chinese,history history,geography geography,and English.and English.用于陈说句，表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等用于陈说句，表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等Your really want to do it?Your really want to do it?She might have gone.She might have gone.I think so.I think so.第13页用于置于句首状语短语或状语从句用于置于句首状语短语或状语从句After After dinner dinner,I I read read a a magazine magazine and and made made telephone telephone calls.calls.While While you you were were writing writing letters letters,I I was was reading reading a a book.book.用于并列句第一个分句，表示句子还未说完用于并列句第一个分句，表示句子还未说完My fever is gone,but I still have a cough.My fever is gone,but I still have a cough.My major is English,and I like it.My major is English,and I like it.用于委婉祈使句用于委婉祈使句Excuse me,sir.Can you help me?Excuse me,sir.Can you help me?用于称呼语用于称呼语Mrs.Smith,this is Tom Jones.Mrs.Smith,this is Tom Jones.第14页用于直接引语后，表示话是谁说用于直接引语后，表示话是谁说“We“We are are going going to to Florida,”Florida,”she she said said brightly.brightly.“How“How do do you you feel,feel,boy?”boy?”I I asked asked him.him.平调平调第15页“连连读读”是是在在一一个个意意群群内内进进行行，它它是是在在说说话话较较快快时时自自然产生一个语音连读现象。然产生一个语音连读现象。在在同同一一意意群群中中，前前一一词词以以辅辅音音音音素素结结尾尾，后后一一词词以以元元音音音音素素开开头头，在在说说话话或或朗朗诵诵句句子子时时，习习惯惯上上很很自自然然地地将将这这两两个个音音素素合合拼拼在在一一起起读读出出来来，这这种种语语音音现现象叫象叫连读连读。连连读读条条件件：相相邻邻两两词词在在意意义义上上必必须须亲亲密密相相关关，同同属属一个意群。一个意群。连读连读第16页假如相邻两词中前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是假如相邻两词中前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。1.“1.“辅音辅音+元音元音”comeoutlookattakeitoffbeatitdropinputonbendoverkeeponanorangereaditoneofushalfanhourstandupputitonnotatallfirstofallacupofteatakeiteasybackinaminuteinanhourpickitupanhourandahalflethiminAgroupofpeopleputontheircoatsandwentout.第17页i.i.英语语音中英语语音中/j/j/和和/w/w/是半元音，假如前一个词是以是半元音，假如前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，尤其是辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，尤其是/j/j/开头，开头，此时也要连读。此时也要连读。Thankyou.Thankyou.ii.ii.音同化也是一个连读现象，两个词之间非常平滑音同化也是一个连读现象，两个词之间非常平滑过渡，造成一个音受临音影响而改变。过渡，造成一个音受临音影响而改变。t d s z+j t d s z+j 要发生音变。要发生音变。2.“2.“辅音辅音+半元音半元音”第18页辅音辅音tt与与j j相邻时，被同化为相邻时，被同化为tt：t+jtNicetomeetyou.Cantyoudoit?Illletyouknow.Isthatyourcar?No,notyet.第19页辅音辅音dd与与j j相邻时，被同化为相邻时，被同化为dd：d+jdDidyougettherelateagain?Wouldyoulikeacupoftea？Couldyouhelpme,please?第20页辅音辅音ss与与j j相邻时相邻时,被同化为被同化为：s+jGodblessyou.Canyoudressyourself?Imissyou.第21页辅音辅音z与与j相邻时相邻时,被同化为被同化为：z+jHowwasyourvacation?Hesaysyouregood.第22页假如前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这假如前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。DoI?Yourejusohonest.IamChinese.Heisveryfriendlytome.ShewantstostudyEnglish.Howandwhydidyoucomehere?Shecantcarryit.Itlltakeyouthreehourstowalkthere.Thequestionistooeasyforhimtoanswer.3.“3.“元音元音+元音元音”第23页爆破音爆破音/p/p/，/b/b/，/t/t/，/d/d/，/k/k/，/g/g/和摩擦音和摩擦音/f/f/，/v/v/，/W/,/W/,其中任意其中任意2 2个相暂时，前一个音会轻音化，即由相关发音器官做个相暂时，前一个音会轻音化，即由相关发音器官做好这个发音姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面音。好这个发音姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面音。假如这些音在词尾，假如这些音在词尾，也要轻音化。也要轻音化。Si(t)downcontac(t)lensDa(d)told)megoo(d)nightThe girl in the re(d)coat was on a bla(ck)bike jus(t)now.The bi(g)bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people.Wha(t)time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d)pi(c)ture of a bi(g)car.The ol(d)do(c)tor has a ca(t),too.4.“4.“辅音辅音+辅音辅音”第24页假如前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同，前辅假如前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同，前辅音省略。音省略。Iwassohappy.Ihavegottogo.Ihavegottago.(to轻音化为轻音化为ta)Doyouwanttodance?doyouwannadance?(to轻音化为轻音化为na)Note第25页以辅音结尾单词以辅音结尾单词 +h+h开头单词，开头单词，h h不发音，不发音，与前面辅音连读。与前面辅音连读。TellherImissher.Whatwil(lhe)wilido?Ha(she)zidoneitbefore?Mus(the)tigo?Canhenidoit?Shouldhedi.?Tellhimtoaskher.Lea(vehim)vim.Note第26页275.“/r/+5.“/r/+元音元音”假如前一个词是以假如前一个词是以-r-r或或-re-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时头，这时r r 或或re re不但要发不但要发/r/,/r/,而且还要与后面元音拼起而且还要与后面元音拼起来连读。来连读。farawayafterallforeverapairofourownthereisforexampleAfterall,thisisourownhome.Thereisafootballunderit.Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Hereisaletterforyou.Herearefoureggs.第27页假如一个音节前后都有字母假如一个音节前后都有字母r r，即使后面词以，即使后面词以元音开头，也不能连读。元音开头，也不能连读。NoteTheblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.（nearer与与and不可连读）不可连读）第28页当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。之间即使有两个相邻辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?（hat与与or之间不能够连读）之间不能够连读）Thereisa good book in my desk.（book与与in之间不能够连读）之间不能够连读）Can you speakEnglish or French?（English与与or之间不能够连读）之间不能够连读）Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning?（meet与与at，eight与与or之间不能够连读）之间不能够连读）She opened the door and walkedin.（door与与and之间不能够连读）之间不能够连读）不可连读情况不可连读情况第29页朗诵以下短语，注意连读朗诵以下短语，注意连读 a a block_of block_of flats flats the the corner_of corner_of the the streetstreet a a tin_of tin_of peas peas the the top_of top_of the the mountain mountain a piece_of cake in_a foreign country a piece_of cake in_a foreign country a glass_of water an_instant success a glass_of water an_instant success a cup_of tea such_a short time a cup_of tea such_a short time nice clear_air send_it by mail nice clear_air send_it by mail an_English girl wait_a moment an_English girl wait_a moment a nice_idea a lot_of noise a nice_idea a lot_of noise a visit to_India once_in_a while a visit to_India once_in_a while an_apology a waste_of time an_apology a waste_of time made_up_of not_in the least made_up_of not_in the least in_America War_and Peace in_America War_and Peace out_of date Out_of Africa out_of date Out_of Africa wait_and see Death_on the Nile wait_and see Death_on the Nile have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz Alice_in Wonderland times_up Alice_in Wonderland times_up a mother_of three Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof a mother_of three Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof第30页Weregoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?Itsaverycol(d)day,butitsagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butitsagoo(d)book.Iwen(t)therealonea(t)ninelas(t)night.-Doyouknowhisbi(ke)number?-Sorry,Idon(t)know.Theforty-firs(t)lessonisqui(te)difficult.Heneedsaloto(f)money.朗诵以下朗诵以下句子句子，注意连读，注意连读第31页朗诵以下文章，注意连读朗诵以下文章，注意连读第32页 一一个个英英文文单单词词假假如如由由多多个个音音节节组组成成，那那么么其其中中最最少少有有一一个个音音节节是是重重音音；假假如如，音音节节足足够够多多话话，那那么么可能还有次重音以及一个以上重音。可能还有次重音以及一个以上重音。一一样样道道理理，一一个个句句子子由由多多个个单单词词组组成成，那那么么，其其中中总总是是有有最最少少一一个个单单词词被被强强读读，而而相相对对来来看看，其其它它单词会被弱读。单词会被弱读。弱读弱读第33页弱读规则普通是：元音音节弱化成弱读规则普通是：元音音节弱化成 或或i i。以下几个单词：以下几个单词：at,of,the,to,as,than,and,or,his,a,at,of,the,to,as,than,and,or,his,a,an,but,been,for,her,we,be,shall,was,them,an,but,been,for,her,we,be,shall,was,them,弱读频弱读频率到达率到达9090，其中，其中a,an,the,thana,an,the,than极少用强式。极少用强式。查字典会发觉这些词都最少有两种读音，如查字典会发觉这些词都最少有两种读音，如for:for:重重读时读时f f,:,弱读时弱读时 f f；as as强读形式是强读形式是/z/z/，弱读，弱读形式是形式是/z/z/。Note第34页大大多多助助动动词词、系系动动词词、介介词词、连连词词、冠冠词词、代代词词，都都有有两两种种发发音音形形式式：强强读式、弱读式。读式、弱读式。这些单词往往都是单音节单词。这些单词往往都是单音节单词。Note第35页1）弱读形式和强读形式各自元）弱读形式和强读形式各自元音不一样。音不一样。2）弱读音节中经常省略了某一）弱读音节中经常省略了某一个音。个音。弱读与强读区分弱读与强读区分第36页假如一个单词被强读假如一个单词被强读 ，那么这个单词中：，那么这个单词中：长元音会被读很清楚，而且显得更长一些；长元音会被读很清楚，而且显得更长一些；双元音会被读很饱满，而且显得很有弹性；双元音会被读很饱满，而且显得很有弹性；落在重音上短元音都会显得更长一些；落在重音上短元音都会显得更长一些；重重音音所所在在音音节节可可能能带带着着不不一一样样语语气气（升升调调、降降调调、降降升升调）调）假如一个单词被弱读，那么这个单词中：假如一个单词被弱读，那么这个单词中：长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音长度相当）；长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音长度相当）；重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻；重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻；很多元音都会发生改变，向很多元音都会发生改变，向/靠拢；靠拢；轻轻辅辅音音/s/s/、/t/t/、/k/k/、/f/f/之之后后元元音音/可可能能会会直直接接被被省省略掉略掉 第37页弱读形式弱读形式1.大多数有弱读形式单词中，元音都变成了大多数有弱读形式单词中，元音都变成了/；at/t/;as/z/;had/hd/；must/mst/2有少数几个单词弱读形式变成了有少数几个单词弱读形式变成了i/；be/i/；been/bin/；me/mi/；the/i/3.有时，一些惯用词弱读形式中省略了一个元音。有时，一些惯用词弱读形式中省略了一个元音。am/m/；has/z/；have/v/；is/z/4.有时，一些惯用弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。有时，一些惯用弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。and/n/；have/v/；would/d/；her/:/第38页要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式，不是要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式，不是知道了道理就能学会，也不是一朝一知道了道理就能学会，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握，需要经过大量模仿和练夕就能掌握，需要经过大量模仿和练习才能学好。习才能学好。第39页 1)to/t1)to/t/but/b/but/bt/t/I want I want toto come come butbut I cant.I cant.2)and/2)and/nd/nd/Hes rich Hes rich and and famous.famous.3)than/3)than/n/n/n/n/Better Better thanthan that.that.Hes older Hes older thanthan she is.she is.4)but/b 4)but/bt/t/She wants to sing She wants to sing butbut she cant.she cant.5)such/5)such/s stt/We have problems,We have problems,suchsuch as pollution.as pollution.朗诵以下朗诵以下句子句子，注意，注意弱读弱读第40页 6)some/s 6)some/sm/m/There are There are somesome copies here.copies here.7)any/7)any/ni/ni/There arent There arent any any more.more.8)he/hi/8)he/hi/Does Does hehe want any?want any?9)her/h 9)her/h/Ive met Ive met her her mother.mother.10)him/im/10)him/im/Tell Tell himhim Id like to.Id like to.11)them/11)them/m/m/m/m/I havent seen I havent seen them them yet.yet.第41页12)you/j12)you/j/What do What do youyou think?think?13)your/j13)your/j/Take Take youryour time.time.14)us/14)us/s/s/Let Let usus think it over.think it over.15)that/15)that/t/t/This is the house This is the house that that Jack built.Jack built.16)at/16)at/t/t/At At least one.least one.17)for/f17)for/f/Its for you.Its for you.第42页18)from/fr18)from/frm/m/He comes He comes from from England.England.19)of/19)of/v/v/Id love a cup Id love a cup ofof tea.tea.20)to/t20)to/t/You ought You ought toto go.go.21)an/21)an/n/n/Id like an apple.Id like an apple.22)the/22)the/i/i/Thats the one.Thats the one.23)am/m/23)am/m/Im going now.Im going now.第43页24)are/24)are/Where Where areare you going?you going?25)is/z/s/25)is/z/s/He Hess here.here.My hat My hat isis here.here.26)was/w26)was/wz/z/Was he there?Was he there?27)were/w27)were/w/We were very pleased.We were very pleased.28)have/h28)have/hv/,/v/,/v/,/v/v/,/v/Theyve left.Theyve left.Have any been lost?Have any been lost?第44页29)had/h29)had/hd/,/d/d/,/d/They had better hurry.They had better hurry.30)has/30)has/z/z/What What hashas he done?he done?He has just arrived.He has just arrived.31)do/du/,/d31)do/du/,/d/Do you think so?Do you think so?32)does/d32)does/dz/z/When does he leave?When does he leave?33)can/k33)can/kn/,/kn/n/,/kn/Can you hear me?Can you hear me?34)could/k34)could/kd/d/Could you do it now?Could you do it now?第45页35)should 35)should/d/d/How How shouldshould I know?I know?36)there/36)there/There is nothing left.There is nothing left.There are not enough.There are not enough.37)shall/37)shall/l,l,l/l/How How shallshall I do like that?I do like that?38)when/w38)when/wn/n/Her parents had been dead Her parents had been dead whenwhen she was a child.she was a child.39)will/39)will/l,l/l,l/He He willwill go back home tomorrow.go back home tomorrow.40)would/w40)would/wd,d,d,d/d,d/He He wouldwould be happy if he had passed the exam.be happy if he had passed the exam.第46页第47页失去爆破失去爆破不完全爆破不完全爆破爆破爆破第48页辅音发音分类辅音发音分类按发音方法可分为：按发音方法可分为：爆破音：爆破音：p b t d k gp b t d k g摩摩擦擦音音：f f v v s s z z h h 破擦音：破擦音：tt ts dz tr dr ts dz tr dr 鼻音：鼻音：m n m n 舌侧音：舌侧音：ll卷舌音：卷舌音：rr半元音：半元音：w jw j第49页 当当一一个个爆爆破破音音后后面面紧紧跟跟着着另另一一个个爆爆破破音音时时，前前面面爆爆破破音音不不发发生生爆爆破破。方方法法是是：对对于于前前一一个个爆爆破破音音，只只作作发发音音姿姿势势，刚刚要要发发出出时时，马马上上发发出出第第二二个个爆爆破音。这种现象叫做破音。这种现象叫做失去爆破失去爆破。失去爆破失去爆破第50页爆破音爆破音+爆破音爆破音 （爆破音：（爆破音：/p,b,t,d,k,g/p,b,t,d,k,g/）what what time time/w/wt t taim/taim/goodbye goodbye/,gudbai/,gudbai/bedtime bedtime/bedtaim/bedtaim/big kite/big kait/big kite/big kait/形式形式第51页大声朗诵双爆破音失去爆破大声朗诵双爆破音失去爆破kekep pt t bla blackckboard board nonot tebook ebook GooGood dbyebyeMy My father father kekep pt t working till working till mimid dnight.night.Please Please wriwrit te e the the answer answer on on the the blablackckboard.board.WriWrit te the e the answer in your answer in your nonot tebook.ebook.IId d li lik ke to e to say say googood dbye to bye to everyone.everyone.He has a He has a babad d colcold d to to day.day.You shoulYou should d tatak ke e care of the care of the children.children.GlaGlad d to to meet you.meet you.第52页1.boo1.book k-keeper-keeper2.han2.hand dbagbag3.bla3.blackckboardboard4.Se4.Sep ptembertember5